Many mass-shooters commit suicide. Both mass shooting and suicide has been linked to Strain Theory. Studies have shown that workplace shootings often occur after the shooter has been fired. Studies have found that school shooters often have been exposed to bullying and social exclusion. Research on mass shooters who are terrorists has yielded conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to examine which types of mass shootings that end with the perpetrator committing suicide. The sample consisted of 345 cases from the United States, as well as some high profile cases from other countries. The results showed that there is an association between the perpetrator's relationship to both the victim and the type of target, and that the perpetrator committing suicide. This has potential implications for the link between the mass shootings and Strain theory. Increased knowledge about this may contribute to more effective crime prevention strategies.

Title: Effect of physical load on handgun shooting accuracy. Objective: The aim of this work is to detect and compare the effects of physical activity (in the form of a shuttle run at the limit of 85% SF max.) on the shooting accuracy from a short firearm. Methods: This was an experimental study with an intra-subject design. Thirty randomly assigned police officers at age 35.9 years (SD = 4.5) made 5 shots from a Glock 17 pistol (gen. 3) within 5 seconds in a stable position without support before and after physical activity (shuttle run on length10 m in time until the completion of 85% SF max.) to a fixed target at a distance of 8 meters. Comparison of shooting accuracy from the middle point of impact between interventions (shooting before and after physical activity) was performed by using a paired T-test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≥ 0.05. Cohen's d was used to determine the magnitude of the strength of the effects. Results: Based on the paired T-test, a statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy of shooting from the middle point of impact without and after physical activity (p = 0.007, d = 0.498). We also consider the deterioration of shooting accuracy after physical exertion by 9 mm from the middle point of impact, which is 21.78%, to be factually...

This thesis deal with processing business plan for foundation company ZKZ-Magnum s. r. o., whose main operation will rendition of services in the area of sports shooting. Proposal for foundation of company analyses emergent firm and includes conditions, behind wich it is possible plan realize.

Objectives: The ai m of this diploma thesis is to analy s e goals scored in WJC 2021 and comparison countrie s . The second aim is to detect the biggest demerits of czech hockey from scoring view point w ith the help of this facts and inspire other coaches to more intensive work a greed with wold trend in this topic and the aim to return czech hockey to the best hockey countries group. Methods: The research was carried out by indirect observations 28 matches and 176 scoring situations through video records from WJC 21. The subject of research were 10 teams, that selected 88 scorers. Scoring situations were qualitative analyse. Gained findings have been written down into chart and were quantitative analyse. Results: The outcome of analyse is the most used scoring place Low slot - 0 - 10ft in front of the goal and with the most used location of successfull shot - middle of the goal on the ice or close over the ice creates the most used way to score. From w rist shot - forehand side came the most of goals in WJC 21. Analyse proved demerits o f Czech national team U20 in scoring by tip - in and rebound. The result of analyse also proved demerits of Czech select in power play and short - handed play. Keywords: Ice hockey, WJC 21, shooting, scoring, scoring range, shooting metodology

Recent research following mass shooting events has examined those individuals directly affected by the violence and the impact of the shooting on the whole community. This chapter reviews literature regarding the prevalence of adjustment difficulties among individuals in mass‐shooting‐ affected communities. Emerging research supports that a number of individuals with less severe or even no direct exposure to a mass shooting event may experience adjustment difficulties, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and, further, that chronic adjustment difficulties can develop. The chapter discusses predictors of adjustment difficulties following mass shootings including the role of preshooting vulnerability, shooting‐related exposure and loss, and postshooting experiences. It considers the possibility that mass shooting events may represent opportunities for positive changes in individuals’ functioning. Finally, the chapter explores research regarding how the community itself may be altered by a mass shooting including changes in community solidarity, identity, and sense of safety within the community.

Title: The Influence of Selected Elements of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with the Use of Elastic Resistance on the Speed and Accuracy of Shooting of Extraliga Ball Hockey Players in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of selected elements of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with the use of elastic resistance on the speed and accuracy of shooting of Extraliga ball hockey players in the Czech Republic. Methods: Extraliga ball hockey players in the Czech Republic (n = 30; age = 24,70 ± 4,55 years; body height = 182,67 ± 6,12 cm; weight = 83,35 ± 9,17 kg; BMI = 24,97 ± 2,37 kg/m2 ; overall years of ball hockey experience = 13,10 ± 3,82 years) were randomly divided into two groups - the experimental, PNF group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Before commencing the study, both groups' shooting speed was measured using the Supido Multi Sports Personal Speed Radar, and shooting accuracy using a practice sheet cover. Probands from the experimental group performed selected exercises containing elements of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with elastic resistance daily for 8 weeks. The control group did not perform any exercises beyond the regular training units. The study was conducted at the time of the Covid-19...

Following the 1999 Columbine High School shooting, it was hypothesized that offenders used knowledge gained from news media reports about previous events to plan mass shootings. Although researchers have studied active shooter events, little research has been conducted on the factors that influence an active shooter's decision and ability to carry out such events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the rate of news media reporting about an active shooter event and the casualty rate of the ensuing event in the United States. The bracketed time of this assessment was between April 20, 1999, and June 15, 2016. The age and regional location of the subsequent shooters were examined as moderating variables. Social learning and social cognitive theories constituted the theoretical framework. Data were gathered from existing mass shooting and active shooter studies, Google News, and the ProQuest Central database. A Spearman's correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between the rate of news media reporting about an active shooter event and the casualty rate of the ensuing event. The age and regional location of subsequent shooters were not moderating variables. However, a Spearman's correlation analyses did reveal a significant relationship between the casualty rate of an active shooter event and the amount of news media coverage the event received prior to the ensuing event. The study finding clarified the need for active shooter reporting guidelines, similar to existing suicide reporting guidelines. The implementation of such guidelines could reduce the regularity and severity of active shooter events, thereby improving public safety in the United States by reducing the regularity and severity of active shooter events.

(in English): A consumer freedom has gained importance hitherto assigned to labour and therefore has become a constituent of one's identity. The degree of such freedom is determined by the access to economical, spatial or symbolical resources. The symbolical resources are embodied in the feeling of inappropriateness which is built upon aesthetic correspondence that can be perceived as the correspondence between one's habitus and the aesthetic of the environment. In my thesis I elaborate on the meaning which is assigned to aesthetics when judging consumption spaces. I focus on consumption spaces situated in Prague's Nusle district which are soon to be gentrified. Therefore, the old consumption spaces might be pushed away in order to be replaced by the new ones, suitable for gentrifiers. I constrain consumption spaces to bars, restaurants and pubs, since they are particularly important in the Czech culture due to their function as a social bonding element and a resource of social capital. In my research I employ a visual methodological approach, particularly shooting script and grounded theory. Building upon that, I present the central category of "atmosphere" which comprises two components - social atmosphere, bundled with the liveliness of space and interpersonal ties, and aesthetic atmosphere,...

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / This thesis examines the effectiveness of the Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer (ISMT) as a tool to train shooters in the fundamentals of marksmanship. Key concepts explored in the research are verification of skills transfer resulting from practice and the predictive value of simulated performance to proficiency at real task performance. There was no statistical difference in the scores of recruits trained in the ISMT versus a control group that was not trained in the ISMT. Scores on simulated firing were not a strong predictor of live fire performance. In a second experiment subjects were evaluated on their proficiency and improvement during un-coached practice at the task of simulated precision fire on a target at a simulated known distance of 300 yards from the shooters. After comparable amounts of practice in the ISMT, subjects who had not previously received formal marksmanship training failed to demonstrate levels of proficiency comparable to those subjects who had previously received formal marksmanship training in the military. Consequently, the research found no evidence to suggest the ISMT qualifies as a black box training apparatus capable of imparting skill through practice without the added presence of expert instruction or an existing knowledge of marksmanship techniques. / Major, United States Marine Corps

How does body armor and posture affect Soldier marksmanship? The Interceptor Body Armor (IBA) has significantly improved Soldier combat survivability, but in what ways does it change rifleman lethality? Moreover, can we model these effects so as to develop better tactics and operational plans? This study quantifies the effects of Soldier equipment on lethality through multi-factor logistic regression using data from range experiments with the 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized), at Fort Riley, Kansas. The designed experiment of this study estimates the probability of a qualified US rifleman hitting a human target. It uses the rifleman's equipment, posture, Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), and experience along with the target's distance, time exposure and silhouette presentation as input factors. The resulting family of mathematical models provides a Probability of Hit prediction tailored to a shooter-target scenario. The study shows that for targets closer than 150 meters, Soldiers shot better while wearing body armor than they did without. Body armor had a negative effect for targets farther than 200 meters, and this could significantly impact the employment of the Squad Designated Marksman. The study also shows that the kneeling posture is an effective technique and recommends standardized training on this method of firing.