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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Faire communauté. Étude anthropologique des relations entre les éleveurs et leurs animaux chez les peuples mongols (d’après l’exemple des Halh de Mongolie et des Bouriates d’Aga, Russie) / Building community. Anthropological study of the relations between the herders and their animals among the Mongols (Halh Mongols and Aga Buryats, Russia)

Marchina, Charlotte 08 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse, qui s’appuie sur plusieurs enquêtes ethnographiques chez les Halh de Mongolie et les Bouriates d’Aga, ainsi que sur des sources écrites en langues mongole, russe et occidentales, porte sur le pastoralisme nomade des peuples mongols. En étudiant la manière dont les éleveurs conçoivent l’agentivité de leurs animaux (chevaux, chameaux, bovins, moutons, chèvres et chiens) et se reposent sur cette dernière, elle montre que l’élevage pastoral, loin d’être réductible à un simple rapport de domination, est un système complexe composé d’interactions multiples entre humains et animaux, qui s’adaptent mutuellement pour faire communauté. À travers une abondante cartographie constituée à partir d’enregistrements GPS, l’analyse des aspects spatiaux de la cohabitation met au jour l’importance de la relation triadique homme-animal-environnement qui participe du maintien de la communauté. Cette communauté multispécifique engage des moyens de communication qui mobilisent les cinq sens et qui révèlent les capacités cognitives des animaux. Les éleveurs exploitent celles-ci dans les situations de coopération homme-animal, où le rôle joué par les animaux est différencié selon leurs caractéristiques individuelles. Malgré les différences environnementales, socio-économiques et politiques des deux terrains d’enquête, la perspective comparative met en lumière des éléments d’un continuum mongol. Les assemblages et équilibres fins à l’œuvre dans les relations interspécifiques révèlent la grande autonomie des animaux, dont les éleveurs attendent qu’ils jouent un rôle actif dans les tâches pastorales. / This thesis, based on several ethnographic surveys among Halh Mongols and Aga Buryats (Russia), as well as written sources in Mongolian, Russian and Western languages, addresses the nomadic pastoralism among the Mongols. By studying the way herders conceive the agency of their animals (horses, camel, cattle, sheep, goats and dogs) and rely on it, it is shown that animal husbandry, far from being reducible to a mere relation of domination, is a complex system made of multiple interactions between humans and animals, who mutually adapt to each other to build community. Through an abundant cartography based on GPS records, the analysis of the spatial features of cohabitation brings to light the importance of the triadic human-animal-environment relation which contributes to maintaining the community. This multispecies community engages means of communication which mobilize the five senses and reveal the animals’ cognitive capacities. Herders build on those in situation of human-animal cooperation, in which the role played by the animals is differentiated depending on their individual characteristics. Despite the environmental, socio-economic and political differences between the two fields, the comparative perspective highlights elements of a Mongol continuum. The assemblages and delicate balances prevailing in the interspecific relations reveal the large autonomy of animals, which are expected by herders to play an active role in pastoral tasks.
62

Faire communauté. Étude anthropologique des relations entre les éleveurs et leurs animaux chez les peuples mongols (d’après l’exemple des Halh de Mongolie et des Bouriates d’Aga, Russie) / Building community. Anthropological study of the relations between the herders and their animals among the Mongols (Halh Mongols and Aga Buryats, Russia)

Marchina, Charlotte 08 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse, qui s’appuie sur plusieurs enquêtes ethnographiques chez les Halh de Mongolie et les Bouriates d’Aga, ainsi que sur des sources écrites en langues mongole, russe et occidentales, porte sur le pastoralisme nomade des peuples mongols. En étudiant la manière dont les éleveurs conçoivent l’agentivité de leurs animaux (chevaux, chameaux, bovins, moutons, chèvres et chiens) et se reposent sur cette dernière, elle montre que l’élevage pastoral, loin d’être réductible à un simple rapport de domination, est un système complexe composé d’interactions multiples entre humains et animaux, qui s’adaptent mutuellement pour faire communauté. À travers une abondante cartographie constituée à partir d’enregistrements GPS, l’analyse des aspects spatiaux de la cohabitation met au jour l’importance de la relation triadique homme-animal-environnement qui participe du maintien de la communauté. Cette communauté multispécifique engage des moyens de communication qui mobilisent les cinq sens et qui révèlent les capacités cognitives des animaux. Les éleveurs exploitent celles-ci dans les situations de coopération homme-animal, où le rôle joué par les animaux est différencié selon leurs caractéristiques individuelles. Malgré les différences environnementales, socio-économiques et politiques des deux terrains d’enquête, la perspective comparative met en lumière des éléments d’un continuum mongol. Les assemblages et équilibres fins à l’œuvre dans les relations interspécifiques révèlent la grande autonomie des animaux, dont les éleveurs attendent qu’ils jouent un rôle actif dans les tâches pastorales. / This thesis, based on several ethnographic surveys among Halh Mongols and Aga Buryats (Russia), as well as written sources in Mongolian, Russian and Western languages, addresses the nomadic pastoralism among the Mongols. By studying the way herders conceive the agency of their animals (horses, camel, cattle, sheep, goats and dogs) and rely on it, it is shown that animal husbandry, far from being reducible to a mere relation of domination, is a complex system made of multiple interactions between humans and animals, who mutually adapt to each other to build community. Through an abundant cartography based on GPS records, the analysis of the spatial features of cohabitation brings to light the importance of the triadic human-animal-environment relation which contributes to maintaining the community. This multispecies community engages means of communication which mobilize the five senses and reveal the animals’ cognitive capacities. Herders build on those in situation of human-animal cooperation, in which the role played by the animals is differentiated depending on their individual characteristics. Despite the environmental, socio-economic and political differences between the two fields, the comparative perspective highlights elements of a Mongol continuum. The assemblages and delicate balances prevailing in the interspecific relations reveal the large autonomy of animals, which are expected by herders to play an active role in pastoral tasks.
63

Faire communauté. Étude anthropologique des relations entre les éleveurs et leurs animaux chez les peuples mongols (d’après l’exemple des Halh de Mongolie et des Bouriates d’Aga, Russie) / Building community. Anthropological study of the relations between the herders and their animals among the Mongols (Halh Mongols and Aga Buryats, Russia)

Marchina, Charlotte 08 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse, qui s’appuie sur plusieurs enquêtes ethnographiques chez les Halh de Mongolie et les Bouriates d’Aga, ainsi que sur des sources écrites en langues mongole, russe et occidentales, porte sur le pastoralisme nomade des peuples mongols. En étudiant la manière dont les éleveurs conçoivent l’agentivité de leurs animaux (chevaux, chameaux, bovins, moutons, chèvres et chiens) et se reposent sur cette dernière, elle montre que l’élevage pastoral, loin d’être réductible à un simple rapport de domination, est un système complexe composé d’interactions multiples entre humains et animaux, qui s’adaptent mutuellement pour faire communauté. À travers une abondante cartographie constituée à partir d’enregistrements GPS, l’analyse des aspects spatiaux de la cohabitation met au jour l’importance de la relation triadique homme-animal-environnement qui participe du maintien de la communauté. Cette communauté multispécifique engage des moyens de communication qui mobilisent les cinq sens et qui révèlent les capacités cognitives des animaux. Les éleveurs exploitent celles-ci dans les situations de coopération homme-animal, où le rôle joué par les animaux est différencié selon leurs caractéristiques individuelles. Malgré les différences environnementales, socio-économiques et politiques des deux terrains d’enquête, la perspective comparative met en lumière des éléments d’un continuum mongol. Les assemblages et équilibres fins à l’œuvre dans les relations interspécifiques révèlent la grande autonomie des animaux, dont les éleveurs attendent qu’ils jouent un rôle actif dans les tâches pastorales. / This thesis, based on several ethnographic surveys among Halh Mongols and Aga Buryats (Russia), as well as written sources in Mongolian, Russian and Western languages, addresses the nomadic pastoralism among the Mongols. By studying the way herders conceive the agency of their animals (horses, camel, cattle, sheep, goats and dogs) and rely on it, it is shown that animal husbandry, far from being reducible to a mere relation of domination, is a complex system made of multiple interactions between humans and animals, who mutually adapt to each other to build community. Through an abundant cartography based on GPS records, the analysis of the spatial features of cohabitation brings to light the importance of the triadic human-animal-environment relation which contributes to maintaining the community. This multispecies community engages means of communication which mobilize the five senses and reveal the animals’ cognitive capacities. Herders build on those in situation of human-animal cooperation, in which the role played by the animals is differentiated depending on their individual characteristics. Despite the environmental, socio-economic and political differences between the two fields, the comparative perspective highlights elements of a Mongol continuum. The assemblages and delicate balances prevailing in the interspecific relations reveal the large autonomy of animals, which are expected by herders to play an active role in pastoral tasks.
64

Towards selfhood : memory, subjectivity and the Trans-Siberian railway journey

Kuoraite, Dalia January 2016 (has links)
This thesis is an autoethnography based on a two week Trans-Siberian railway journey from Moscow to Vladivostok in October 2011. It explores the role of memory in our spatial surroundings, the effect remembering has on the way we move through and interpret the present and ourselves. In the chapters about community, rhythms, memory/imagination, and landscape the journey becomes a backbone for the personal narratives and the stories of others, which intertwining unveil the complex relationship between the self and the world, the present and the absent, and the imagined. Thesis explores the inevitable mobility of the mind, which sees us losing the ability to stay fastened to physical spaces, images and our own being, and opening the possibility to travel in time, space and memory. The physical landscape, landscape of Siberia gradually becomes almost invisible, disappears and re-emerges as a series of personal images and stories, feelings and dreams, suggesting that even moving through the vastest landscapes in the world we are always travelling inward, towards an understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
65

Analysis of a lithic assemblage from the multi-component habitation site Gorelyi Les, Siberia

Kurzybov, Petr 06 1900 (has links)
The research presented in this thesis examines a lithic assemblage from the multi-component habitation site Gorelyi Les in the Belaia river valley, Cis-Baikal region, Siberia. The distinctive traits of this collection are the relatively small size of the lithic assemblage and the large proportion of debitage. The chosen methodological framework for this research concentrates on obtaining maximum information from the available materials through application of typological, technological, use-wear, and spatial analyses. The results suggest that there were differences in the organization of the technological process of lithic tool manufacture during the Early Neolithic and Late Neolithic. During the Early Neolithic, lithic tool manufacture and use were rather intensive and diversified, while during the Late Neolithic, tool manufacture and use were limited to a narrower range of technological operations and functions.
66

High resolution sedimentological studies of lacustrine series, search for annual climatic proxies and interhemispheric comparison (examples of Lake Baikal, Siberia, 50 °N and Lake District, Chile, 40°S)/Etude sédimentologique à haute résolution de séries lacustres. Recherche de traceurs paléoclimatiques annuels et comparaison des réponses de lhémisphère Nord (Lac Baïkal, Sibérie) et de lhémisphère Sud (Lake District, Chili).

Boës, Xavier 02 December 2005 (has links)
Lobjectif de cette thèse est la reconstitution des changements climatiques quaternaires à partir de critères sédimentologiques en milieu lacustre. Il sagit entre autre dutiliser les sédiments saisonniers comme un outil de datation précis pour calibrer les reconstitutions paléoclimatiques. Cette démarche permet de mieux comprendre lorigine et/ou la propagation dévénements chauds ou froids générés soit dans lhémisphère Nord, soit dans lhémisphère Sud. Le Lac Baïkal (Sibérie) et le Lac Puyehue (Sud du Chili) contribuent à établir des nouvelles connexions climatiques. Un volet important de la thèse concerne le développement dune méthode nouvelle pour détecter les sédiments laminés saisonniers dans les carottages. La méthode consiste à imprégner les sédiments argileux avec des polymères après avoir préalablement lyophilisé le matériel. Ce travail permet de montrer : (i) que la résolution des reconstitutions paléoclimatiques réalisées à partir des sédiments du Lac Baïkal peut être augmentée, à condition de calibrer le signal sédimentaire ainsi que la chronologie du 14C ; (ii) quil est possible de reconstituer lévolution des précipitations et des réponses de type El Niño à partir des sédiments lacustres du Sud du Chili ; (iii) que la chronologie des événements climatiques de la transition Pléistocène/Holocène est plus complexe, et les épisodes chauds/froids plus nombreux que précédemment décrits ; (iv) que les archives lacustres permettent de compléter les connexions climatiques entre les deux hémisphères.
67

Characterisation and evolution of periglacial landscapes in Northern Siberia during the Late Quaternary : remote sensing and GIS studies

Grosse, Guido January 2005 (has links)
About 24 % of the land surface in the northern hemisphere are underlayed by permafrost in various states. Permafrost aggradation occurs under special environmental conditions with overall low annual precipitation rates and very low mean annual temperatures. Because the general permafrost occurrence is mainly driven by large-scale climatic conditions, the distribution of permafrost deposits can be considered as an important climate indicator. The region with the most extensive continuous permafrost is Siberia. In northeast Siberia, the ice- and organic-rich permafrost deposits of the Ice Complex are widely distributed. These deposits consist mostly of silty to fine-grained sandy sediments that were accumulated during the Late Pleistocene in an extensive plain on the then subaerial Laptev Sea shelf. One important precondition for the Ice Complex sedimentation was, that the Laptev Sea shelf was not glaciated during the Late Pleistocene, resulting in a mostly continuous accumulation of permafrost sediments for at least this period. This shelf landscape became inundated and eroded in large parts by the Holocene marine transgression after the Last Glacial Maximum. Remnants of this landscape are preserved only in the present day coastal areas.<br><br> Because the Ice Complex deposits contain a wide variety of palaeo-environmental proxies, it is an excellent palaeo-climate archive for the Late Quaternary in the region. Furthermore, the ice-rich Ice Complex deposits are sensible to climatic change, i.e. climate warming. Because of the large-scale climatic changes at the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene, the Ice Complex was subject to extensive thermokarst processes since the Early Holocene.<br><br> Permafrost deposits are not only an environmental indicator, but also an important climate factor. Tundra wetlands, which have developed in environments with aggrading permafrost, are considered a net sink for carbon, as organic matter is stored in peat or is syn-sedimentary frozen with permafrost aggradation. Contrary, the Holocene thermokarst development resulted in permafrost degradation and thus the release of formerly stored organic carbon. Modern tundra wetlands are also considered an important source for the climate-driving gas methane, originating mainly from microbial activity in the seasonal active layer.<br><br> Most scenarios for future global climate development predict a strong warming trend especially in the Arctic. Consequently, for the understanding of how permafrost deposits will react and contribute to such scenarios, it is necessary to investigate and evaluate ice-rich permafrost deposits like the widespread Ice Complex as climate indicator and climate factor during the Late Quaternary. Such investigations are a pre-condition for the precise modelling of future developments in permafrost distribution and the influence of permafrost degradation on global climate.<br><br> The focus of this work, which was conducted within the frame of the multi-disciplinary joint German-Russian research projects "Laptev Sea 2000" (1998-2002) and "Dynamics of Permafrost" (2003-2005), was twofold. First, the possibilities of using remote sensing and terrain modelling techniques for the observation of periglacial landscapes in Northeast Siberia in their present state was evaluated and applied to key sites in the Laptev Sea coastal lowlands. The key sites were situated in the eastern Laptev Sea (Bykovsky Peninsula and Khorogor Valley) and the western Laptev Sea (Cape Mamontovy Klyk region). For this task, techniques using CORONA satellite imagery, Landsat-7 satellite imagery, and digital elevation models were developed for the mapping of periglacial structures, which are especially indicative of permafrost degradation. The major goals were to quantify the extent of permafrost degradation structures and their distribution in the investigated key areas, and to establish techniques, which can be used also for the investigation of other regions with thermokarst occurrence. Geographical information systems were employed for the mapping, the spatial analysis, and the enhancement of classification results by rule-based stratification. The results from the key sites show, that thermokarst, and related processes and structures, completely re-shaped the former accumulation plain to a strongly degraded landscape, which is characterised by extensive deep depressions and erosional remnants of the Late Pleistocene surface. As a results of this rapid process, which in large parts happened within a short period during the Early Holocene, the hydrological and sedimentological regime was completely changed on a large scale. These events resulted also in a release of large amounts of organic carbon. Thermokarst is now the major component in the modern periglacial landscapes in terms of spatial extent, but also in its influence on hydrology, sedimentation and the development of vegetation assemblages. Second, the possibilities of using remote sensing and terrain modelling as a supplementary tool for palaeo-environmental reconstructions in the investigated regions were explored. For this task additionally a comprehensive cryolithological field database was developed for the Bykovsky Peninsula and the Khorogor Valley, which contains previously published data from boreholes, outcrops sections, subsurface samples, and subsurface samples, as well as additional own field data. The period covered by this database is mainly the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene, but also the basal deposits of the sedimentary sequence, interpreted as Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, are contained. Remote sensing was applied for the observation of periglacial strucures, which then were successfully related to distinct landscape development stages or time intervals in the investigation area. Terrain modelling was used for providing a general context of the landscape development. Finally, a scheme was developed describing mainly the Late Quaternary landscape evolution in this area. A major finding was the possibility of connecting periglacial surface structures to distinct landscape development stages, and thus use them as additional palaeo-environmental indicator together with other proxies for area-related palaeo-environmental reconstructions. In the landscape evolution scheme, i.e. of the genesis of the Late Pleistocene Ice Complex and the Holocene thermokarst development, some new aspects are presented in terms of sediment source and general sedimentation conditions. This findings apply also for other sites in the Laptev Sea region. / Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Rahmen der multidisziplinären Deutsch-Russischen Verbundprojekte "Laptev See 2000" (1998-2002) und "Dynamik des Permafrost" (2003-2005) erstellt.<br> Etwa 24 % der Landoberfläche der Erde sind von Permafrost unterlagert. Die ausgedehntesten Permafrostgebiete befinden sich heute in Sibirien. In Nordostsibirien, das während der letzten Eiszeit nicht von Inlandeismassen bedeckt bedeckt war, lagerten sich während dieser Zeit mächtige eisreiche Permafrostsedimente ab. Die durch den nacheiszeitlichen Meeresspiegelanstieg um ca. 120 Meter nur noch in den heutigen Küstengebieten erhaltenen Ablagerungen sind zum Teil hervorragende Paläoklimaarchive, die verschiedenste fossile organische Überreste der Eiszeitlichen Fauna und Flora konserviert haben. Aber auch die Sedimente und das enthalten Grundeis enthalten Klimainformationen z.B. die aus Mineralogie, Ablagerungsmilieu oder geochemischer und isotopenchemischer Zusammensetzung gewonnen werden können.<br><br> Der hohe Eisgehalt in den Sedimenten führte mit Beginn der holozänen Warmzeit zur Bildung von Thermokarst und Thermo-Erosion, d.h. zu starken Zersetzungserscheinungen durch Auftauen und Erosion. Thermokarst beschreibt das Schmelzen des Grundeises und die gleichzeitig stattfindende tiefe Absenkung der betroffenen Landoberfläche. Thermokarst geht mit der Bildung von Thermokarstseen einher, deren Wasserkörper ein zusätzlicher Wärmespeicher ist und das Auftauen des darunter liegenden Permafrost verstärken kann. In Sibirien, aber auch anderen Regionen der Arktis, sind weite Gebiete von Thermokarst betroffen. Der Einfluss dieser klimabedingten großräumigen Landschaftsveränderungen in Permafrostgebieten auf den lokalen, regionalen und auch globalen Stoff- und Energiehaushalt ist bisher nur wenig untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Charakterisierung und Evolution von periglazialen Landschaften im nordsibirischen Laptevsee-Gebiet, die seit dem Beginn des Holozän von solchen klimatisch bedingten Veränderungen betroffen sind, und liefert damit ein Puzzleteil zum einen für die Rekonstruktion der Landschaft und Landschaftsentwicklung als auch Vorraussetzungen für das Verständnis der großräumig wirkenden geologischen und geomorphologischen Veränderungsprozesse. Die generellen Schwerpunkte, für die die vorliegende Arbeit Informationen liefert, sind die Charakterisierung von periglazialen Relief- und Oberflächentypen und die Bestimmung ihrer räumlichen Verbreitung, die Identifizierung und Quantifizierung einzelner geologischer und geomorphologischer Prozesse in diesen Landschaften, und die Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung periglazialer Landschaften im Spätquartär für Schlüsselgebiete im Küstengebiet der nordsibirischen Laptevsee.<br><br> Um diese generellen Schwerpunkte zu erreichen, werden verschiedene Einzelziele in der Arbeit verfolgt:<br><br> Die Entwicklung and Anwendung von Satellitenfernerkundungstechniken zur Analyse periglazialer Landschaften in Nordsibirien. Dazu werden hochauflösende Corona-Satellitendaten und multispektrale Landsat-7 Satellitendaten verwendet.<br> Die Untersuchung von Satellitenbildern, mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Oberflächen, die von der Zersetzung des eisreichen Permafrosts betroffen sind<br> Die Entwicklung von hochauflösenden digitalen Geländemodellen für die geomorphologische Analyse in zwei Schlüsselgebieten<br> Die räumliche Untersuchung der gewonnenen Daten mit Hilfe von geographischen Informationssystemen, mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Form, Verteilung und Außmaß von holozänem Thermokarst<br> Das Sammeln und Auswerten von Felddaten, mit Schwerpunkt auf Oberflächeneigenschaften periglazialer Landschaften und der Zusammensetzung der Permafrostablagerungen<br> Die Anwendung der gewonnenen Daten zur Unterstützung, Verbesserung und Ausweitung der lokal gewonnenen Felddaten und Paläoumweltrekonstruktionen, sowie die datengestützte Entwicklung von Vorstellungen zur Landschaftsgenese<br><br> Weite, Permafrost-dominierte Küstentiefländer der heutigen Laptevsee in Nordost-Sibirien sind durch die spätpleistozänen Ablagerungen des Eiskomplex aufgebaut. Diese zumeist schluffig bis mittelsandigen Ablagerungen sind durch einen sehr großen Eisgehalt in Form von verteiltem Grundeis und großer syngenetischer Eiskeile, sowie einem relativ hohen Anteil an organischen Resten gekennzeichnet. Mit Beginn der holozänen Klimaerwärmung kam es zur weitläufigen Bildung von Thermokarst.
68

Bestimmung hydrologischer Massenvariationen aus GRACE-Daten am Beispiel sibirischer Flusssysteme / Determination of hydrological mass variations from GRACE data for Siberian river systems

Scheller, Marita 29 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Aus Beobachtungsdaten der Satellitenmission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) können Variationen des Erdschwerefeldes auf großen räumlichen Skalen mit hoher Genauigkeit abgeleitet werden. Die Variationen auf zeitlichen Skalen von mehreren Tagen bis Wochen und räumlichen Skalen von wenigen hundert Kilometern sind insbesondere auf Änderungen der kontinentalen Wassermassen zurückzuführen. Die vorliegende Promotionsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Bestimmung hydrologischer Massenvariationen aus GRACE-Daten am Beispiel der vier größten sibirischen Flusseinzugsgebiete Ob, Jenissei, Lena und Kolyma. Darauf aufbauend sollen in Kombination mit atmosphärischen Daten der NCEP-Reanalyse Süßwassereinträge in den Arktischen Ozean abgeleitet werden. Die Süßwassereinträge beeinflussen nachhaltig den Salzgehalt und damit das ozeanographische Regime des Arktischen Ozeans, welcher wiederum einen Einfluss auf die globale thermohaline Zirkulation hat. Da die großen Strömungen des Weltozeans einen grundlegenden Faktor des globalen Klimageschehens darstellen, sind die Änderungen des Süßwassereintrages ein wichtiger Aspekt hinsichtlich prognostizierter Klimatrends. Der Abfluss kann an ausgewählten Messpunkten mit einer hohen zeitlichen Auflösung beobachtet werden. Die Datenreihen weisen jedoch immer wieder Lücken auf und die bodengebundenen Messungen sind oft schwierig und kostenintensiv. Messmethoden, die unabhängig vom Zugang ins Messgebiet sind, können einen großen Fortschritt bei der Beobachtung sich ändernder Massen und Süßwasserflüsse leisten und damit einen Beitrag für ein besseres Verständnis gekoppelter komplexer Prozesse der Arktis liefern. Da die Fehlerstruktur der GRACE-Daten komplex und bis heute nicht vollständig verstanden ist, erfolgt zunächst eine Untersuchung des GRACE-Fehlerhaushaltes. Zudem werden die Fehlereffekte aufgrund des begrenzten räumlichen Spektrums und damit einhergehender Leck-Effekte auf Ebene von Gebietsmittelwerten analysiert und Lösungsvorschläge diskutiert. Dabei sind folgende Aspekte von Bedeutung: Erweiterung der GRACE-Datenreihe um geeigente Terme ersten Grades und Abschätzung von Leck-Effekten, verursacht durch das begrenzte Spektrum der Kugelfunktionsentwicklung. Leck-Effekte aufgrund ozeanischer Signalanteile sind bzgl. der Einzugsgebiete sibirischer Flusssysteme klein (< 1%), wohingegen Leck-Effekte aufgrund kontinentaler Signalanteile je nach Gebietsgröße relative Fehler von 8-17% nach sich ziehen. Die größten Fehlereffekte resultieren jedoch aus den Koeffizienten hoher Grade. Die Filterung der GRACE-Daten ermöglicht die Glättung fehlerbehafterer Signalanteile. Neben den in der Literatur gängigen Filtern wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit ein Kombinationsfilter entwickelt, welches auf Basis von räumlichen Vorinformationen aus Hydrologiemodellen signifikante Signalstrukturen in den GRACE-Datenreihen detektiert. Somit muss lediglich ein Restsignal mittels Filterung gedämpft werden. Mit dem Kombinationsfilter können sowohl feinere Signalstrukturen als auch größere Signalamplituden auf Land erhalten werden. Im Vergleich zu reinen Filteranwendungen werden hier Gesamtsignalstärke, Amplitude und Phase des jährlichen Signals gut repräsentiert. Darauf aufbauend lassen sich, in Kombination mit atmosphärischen Daten, Abflüsse für die sibirischen Flusssysteme aus GRACE-Wasserspeichervariationen ableiten. Die Validierung der berechneten Abflüsse anhand beobachteter Abflüsse zeigt eine hohe Übereinstimmung von bis zu 83%. Eine Gegenüberstellung des berechneten Abflusses der Lena mit Wasserstandsmessungen im Mündungsbereich zeigt zudem einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem maximalen Abfluss im Frühjahr und einer Zunahme des Wasserstandes in der Laptewsee. / The satellite mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) observes the earth's gravity field on temporal scales of a few days to several weeks and spatial scales of a few hundred kilometers with high accuracy. A large part of the variations of the gravity field originate from hydrological mass changes on the continents. The dissertation discusses the determination of hydrological mass variations from GRACE for the Siberian water systems of the rivers Ob, Yenisey, Lena and Kolyma. The mass variations from GRACE data are combined with atmospheric data of the NCEP reanalysis to calculate the freshwater fluxes in the Arctic Ocean. The freshwater fluxes strongly influences the salinity and the oceanographic regime of the Arctic Ocean. In turn, the Arctic Ocean controls the global thermohaline circulation which is very important for the global climate. Because these large currents of the ocean influence the global climate, the changes of the freshwater fluxes in the Arctic Ocean are an important factor for the global climate change. The runoff can be measured pointwise with high temporal resolution, but measurements in the high latitudes are difficulty and expensive. Independent methods to measure the mass changes in the Arctic can help to determine the freshwater fluxes on large spatial scales, and contribute to understand the coupled and complex processes of the Arctic. Until present, the complex error structure of the GRACE data are not fully understand. The dissertation examines the errors and analysizes the leakage caused by the limited spectrum of the Stokes coefficients. A proposal for a solution will be discussed. The following steps are important: Expanding the GRACE data with adequate terms of degree one; Valuation of leakage errors because of the limited spectrum. Leakage due to oceanographic signals of the Arctic Ocean are small (< 1%). Leakage errors due to signals on land produces relative errors of basin averages of 8-17%. Beyond that, the largest errors are caused by the coefficients of higher degree. Filtering is an effective method to damp the error signals. In addition to the common filters described in the literature, a filter method, called composite filter, was created. Significant structures from hydrological models can be deteceted in the GRACE data without any other filtering. Only the residual signals should be filtered by using one of the common filters. In comparison to the common filters, the composite filter represents the signal strength, the signal structures, the amplitude and the phase of the saisonal signal on the continents much better. Combining hydrological mass variations from GRACE data with atmospheric data (for example the NCEP reanalysis) the runoff of the four Siberian river systems can be calculated. The validation of the calculated runoff using observations leads to a good agreement (83% for Yenisey and Lena). Furthermore, it is possible to combine the runoff of a river system with measurements of water level and salinity in the Arctic Ocean. The high runoff of the Lena river system in spring is visible in the water level changes in the Laptev sea.
69

Analysis of a lithic assemblage from the multi-component habitation site Gorelyi Les, Siberia

Kurzybov, Petr Unknown Date
No description available.
70

East-West trade and the regional development of Siberia and the Soviet Far East

Bradshaw, Michael Joseph January 1987 (has links)
Studies of the role of East-West trade in Soviet economic development often assume that Siberia and the Far East play an important role in trading relations, but few studies have examined the extent of that role and the relationship between trade and economic development within the region. This study addresses two interrelated questions: firstly, what is the role of Siberia and the Far East in trade with the West, and secondly, what is the role of East-West trade in Siberian development. Regional trade participation data are not available. The study therefore examines the composition of Soviet trade with the West and the industrial structure of the Siberian economy, in order to deduce the extent of regional participation in trade. Soviet exports to the West are dominated by natural resources, while imports from the West comprise machinery and equipment, manufactured goods and agricultural products. Analysis of the Siberian economy reveals a specialisation in the production and processing of natural resources. Estimates of export participation show that since the late 1970s the region has become the Soviet Union's most important source of foreign currency. Imports of Western technology are shown to play an important part in natural resource production and in the creation of Siberia's Territorial-Production Complexes. In many instances compensation agreements tie the use of imports to export production. Overall the value of Siberian exports exceeds the cost of imports of Western technology, so that the region generates a sizeable foreign currency surplus. In conclusion, a simple model of the trade and development process is presented which relates the pattern of foreign trade participation to the process of regional development. The impact of Western imports is felt mainly in the European core region where they provide additional resources to feed the population and renovate the industrial base; the impact of exports to the West is felt mainly in Siberia and the Far East where they increase demands for natural resource production. Thus, East-West trade serves to perpetuate the existing core-periphery pattern of Soviet regional development. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

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