Based on the author's Thesis (doctoral)--University of Lagos. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-332) and index.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Description based on Microfiche version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237, 242-246).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2006. / Curriculum vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-220). Also available on microfilm.

This study provides an analysis of the experience of persons disabled by war in the peace processes of Sierra Leone such as the Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration Program, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Special Court and the electoral process. The research findings are a result of participant observation and qualitative interviewing methodologies carried out over two months of intensive in-country field research. The main themes that resulted from the research are: Inclusion and Participation in Decision Making, Utilizing Unique Initiatives, Dissension among the Disabled, Justice Unfulfilled, Recognizing the Unintended Consequences of Peace Building, and Experiences with Policy Makers. The results of these findings are discussed in relation to current notions of peace, reconciliation, justice and retribution. Particular attention is paid to the current relationship between the international community and persons disabled by war in Sierra Leone, and recommendations are made by participants regarding ways to strengthen and build on that relationship.

Th. doct.--Hist.--Paris 7, 1996. / En appendice, choix de documents en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. vol. 2, p. 478-506. Index à la fin de chaque vol.

Introduction Anemia prevalence in pregnancy ranges from 51%-60% globally. Genetic disorders, infectious diseases, reproductive factors, nutritional deficiencies, and poverty can affect anemia status. Anemia can negatively impact economic progress, social and intellectual development, and maternal health. Estimates indicate that anemia is the direct cause of 3-7% of maternal deaths and an indirect cause of 20-40% of maternal deaths. Although several initiatives by the international community address the anemia problem, prevalence remains unacceptably high in Sierra Leone at 2,000 per 100,000 live births. This study explored ecological determinants of anemia status of pregnant women living in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Method This was a mixed-method, retrospective, unmatched case-control research study based on the Modified Ecological Model for Health Behavior and Health Promotion. One hundred and seventy one pregnant women, who visited one of five health facilities were interviewed for the study. Anemic participants' (Hgb<11.0g/dL) responses were compared to responses of non-anemic participants and the differences were assessed. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to assess qualitative knowledge items, whereas t-tests were conducted to determine if mean knowledge differences existed between those with anemia and those without. Chi-square was used to analyze forced choice attitude items: perceived threat to anemia and perceived benefits of anemia prevention and treatment. Chi-square was also used to analyze selected behaviors and perceived barriers to anemia prevention and treatment. Odds ratio determined the strength of the relationship between the dependent variable (anemia status) and selected exposure variables (modifying factors). Results Seventy-seven percent of participants were anemic (M: Hgb=9.63g/dL). Those with anemia were more likely to first see a health care provider after 12 weeks of pregnancy (p<.05). Participants who earned income in the top two quintiles were less likely to have anemia than those in the lower three quintiles (p=.007). Participants who had anemia were more likely to cite lack of finances as a barrier to seeking prenatal services (p=.007). Although differences existed between participants who had anemia and those who did not have anemia, they were generally not statistically significant for knowledge, behavior or modifying factors. Participants who had pica, however, were more likely to have anemia than those who did not (p=.005). There was misinformation among participants about the use of palm oil, Vimto and "blood tonic" as treatment options. In addition, participants cited family and friends as sources of this same information as well as correct suggestions and information about anemia prevention and treatment. Discussion Health providers need to be clearer about messages that they deliver to service users to reduce misinformation about anemia prevention and treatment. Community awareness about anemia, anemia causes, anemia prevention and anemia treatment needs to be raised. Information, particularly about anemia causes, need to be disseminated and programs to address those causes need to be developed and implemented. Program development and implementation should be a comprehensive effort that includes training traditional birth attendants and lay health workers. Efforts should incorporate health efforts from government agencies, the non-governmental sector, donor groups, and community and civil society groups to deliver culturally and regionally appropriate interventions.

The Formative Period in Ayacucho: Balance and PerspectivesThe present paper presents the synthesis of the state of knowledge of Ayacucho Formative starting with the history of investigations (1959 to present), a critical assessment of the principal sites and a general interpretation of its socioeconomic development. It reveals still existing problems due to insufficient knowledge and the fact that most of the major sites with monumental architecture have been destroyed or are not available for study any longer. / Este trabajo presenta una síntesis de los estudios acerca del Periodo Formativo en Ayacucho con una historia de las investigaciones (1959 al presente), una discusión crítica de los principales sitios y una interpretación general del desarrollo socioeconómico. Se desprende que aún subsisten muchas lagunas y algunos de los sitios con arquitectura monumental ya fueron destruidos o no están disponibles para estudios futuros.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse EU response towards the Ebola outbreak that developed in spring and summer 2014 in Western Africa. The emphasis is put on the EU external action towards the Ebola crisis in the frame-work of the EU development policy and humanitarian aid provided by the EU while identifying the financial framework, institutional structure, key players and the role of the EU Members. It was a common endeavour of whole range of global actors, national governments and many regional or local stakeholders that led to elimination of the threat represented by the Ebola Virus Disease. The European Union traditionally empha-sized multilateral approach that is in compliance with the EU middle power capacities. The de-velopment policy financial mechanisms within the EU have two resources, the EC and the Mem-ber States which cumulatively contributed twice as much as the European Commission to re-solving the crisis.

O presente trabalho explora eventos de articulação entre coletivos indígenas da Serra Nevada de Santa Marta, localizada ao norte da Colômbia, e o estado, entendo-os como mundos com planos ontológicos e sistemas epistemológicos diferentes que coexistem e se reorganizam em cada um dos eventos, respondendo a hegemonias específicas em contextos particulares. A lei de Sé, ou lei da origem, estabelece uma política de alteridade que permite a existência de multiplicidades e diferenças que não se reduzem a princípios determinados, pois se trata de domínios móveis de conhecimento e pensamento que constroem pessoas, corpos e o território a partir de conexões parciais, potencialmente perigosas se não forem mediadas por lideranças espirituais (os mamos) para que aconteçam em harmonia e acordo entre os seres (Yuluka). As entidades múltiplas são subordinadas e ignoradas nos espaços de tomada de decisões sob o território, a partir de sistemas de conhecimento e políticas que entendem a natureza como cenário externo e objetivo, e a cultura como marcador da diferença que essencializa, isola e nega conflitos históricos e políticos, em um marco em que tanto natureza e cultura são potencialmente mercantilizáveis. Neste contexto, as práticas de patrimônio são uma estratégia do estado para regular a mercantilização da diferença, enquanto que os indígenas as apropriam como estratégia para defender a vitalidade do seu território, entendido como tecido de relações entre seres diversos. No entanto, a subordinação não implica a captura, pois as multiplicidades continuam coexistindo no movimento contínuo entre resistência e novos ou renovados mecanismos de captura. / Este trabajo explora eventos de articulación entre los colectivos indígenas de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, ubicada al norte de Colombia, y el estado, entendiendo que se trata de mundos con planos ontológicos y sistemas epistemológicos diferentes, que coexisten y se reorganizan en cada uno de esos eventos respondiendo a hegemonías específicas, en contextos históricos particulares. La ley de Sé, o ley de origen establece una política de la alteridad, que permite la existencia de multiplicidades y diferencias, que no se reducen a principios predeterminados sino que se trata de dominios móviles de conocimiento y pensamiento que construyen personas, cuerpos y territorio a partir de conexiones parciales, que potencialmente pueden ser peligrosas si no son mediadas por los mamos para que se den en armonía y acuerdo entre los seres (yuluka). Estas existencias múltiples, son subordinadas e ignoradas en los espacios de toma de decisiones sobre el territorio, a partir de sistemas de conocimiento y políticas que entienden la naturaleza como un escenario externo y objetivo, y la cultura como marcador de diferencia que esencializa, aísla y niega conflictos históricos y políticos, en un marco en el que tanto naturaleza y cultura son potencialmente mercadeables. En este contexto, las prácticas de patrimonio son una estrategia del estado para regular la mercantilización de la diferencia, mientras que los indígenas la apropian como estrategia para defender la vitalidad de su territorio, entendido como tejido de relaciones entre seres diversos. Sin embargo la subordinación no implica la captura, pues las multiplicidades siguen coexistiendo, en el movimiento continuo entre resistencia y nuevos o renovados mecanismos de captura.

Este trabalho visa contribuir com os estudos de História Ambiental e de Geografia ao abordar a interação entre os aspectos culturais e a natureza da Lagoa de Araruama e da Serra de Sapiatiba, localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa propõe uma análise das paisagens simbólicas do município de São Pedro da Aldeia (RJ) por intermédio do 3 nível da História Ambiental. Além de caracterizar estas áreas como paisagens simbólicas inseridas na Região dos Lagos numa Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA de Sapiatiba), destaca-se a importância do capital imaterial e da história ambiental na conservação da diversidade de um pequeno fragmento de Mata Atlântica e também da natureza das águas em um importante trecho da maior lagoa hipersalina do mundo. Portanto, nosso objetivo neste estudo é desvendar a História Ambiental da Lagoa de Araruama e da Serra de Sapiatiba no município de São Pedro da Aldeia (RJ), a partir da análise da transformação da paisagem. / This work aims to contribute to the study of Geography and Environmental History in addressing the interaction between cultural aspects and the nature of Araruama Lake and the Sierra of Sapiatiba, located in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The research proposes an analysis of the symbolic landscapes of São Pedro da Aldeia (RJ) through the 3rd level of environmental history. In addition to characterizing these areas as symbolic landscapes included in the Lakes Region on Environmental Protection Area (APA Sapiatiba) highlights the importance of intangible capital and environmental history in the conservation of the diversity of a small fragment of Atlantic Forest and also the nature of the waters in an important part of the largest hypersaline lagoon in the world. Therefore, our objective in this study is to unveil the Environmental History of Araruama Lake and the Sierra of Sapiatiba in São Pedro da Aldeia (RJ), from the analysis of the transformation of the landscape.