Simulation affords the student a safe and supportive environment in which to practise skills repeatedly without causing any harm to a real patient. The Department of Nursing Sciences at the University of Fort Hare has a laboratory that offers lowto medium-fidelity simulation in the form of task trainers and mannequins. These task trainers and mannequins are used in general nursing, and in community and midwifery nursing sciences, for the demonstration of skills, the practising of skills by students and for formative assessments. In midwifery, task trainers are used for vaginal examinations, abdominal palpation breech and vaginal deliveries and the management of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH). Given that in a real-life clinical environment limited opportunities exist for students to practise during an obstetrical emergency, medium-fidelity simulation (MFS) in midwifery ideally positions the student in a practical environment without risking the patient’s safety. Despite the availability of MFS at UFH, its benefit on the clinical readiness of student midwives is not known. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of MFS in enhancing the clinical readiness of student midwives at the University of Fort Hare. The main research objective of the study was to explore, describe and analyse the effect of medium-fidelity simulation on student midwives’ confidence, critical thinking ability, communication, satisfaction and team work in an obstetrical clinical emergency environment. This was a qualitative, interpretive, phenomenological analysis designed to explore the student midwives’ lived experiences regarding the effectiveness of mediumfidelity simulation and the effect of these experiences on clinical readiness. The target population was fourth-year Bachelor of nursing student midwives at the University of Fort Hare. Purposive sampling was used to select five student midwives who were team leaders during the management of PPH using MFS. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Fort Hare Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. Trustworthiness was ensured by observing the principles of transferability, credibility, confirmability and dependability. Data was collected through individual face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured interview guide. All fourth-year student midwives had viewed an on-line video entitled Essential Steps in Management of Obstetrical Emergency(ESMOE) Postpartum Haemorrhage, in which the procedure was demonstrated. The video, sent via Backboard, was presented in such a way that student midwives had the opportunity to watch it repeatedly in order to thoroughly comprehend the demonstrated skill. A semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection. Interviews were conducted in the simulation laboratory. A Samsung smartphone was used to record interviews and a notepad was used to make notes of gestures, such as smiles or other facial expressions. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis applicable to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies using the six steps: reading and re-reading; initial noting taking; developing emergent themes; searching for connections across the emergent themes; moving to the next case and lastly, looking for patterns across cases. The major findings indicated that the participants had differing views regarding the concept of clinical readiness; some held that clinical readiness meant being ready or prepared to handle any eventuality in the course of work, others opined that it was a state of being conversant with the policies and procedures in the clinical ward. Participants believed that clinical readiness was parallel to being competent and that midwives should always be ready to anticipate complications that might arise with the patient, endeavouring to analyse and interpret such conditions clinically. Participants expressed the need to see the simulation skill demonstrated repeatedly for thorough understanding of the technique, so that they could work independently in an obstetrical emergency situation. During simulation, participants were confident in delegating duties to team members, affirming that in order to ensure that tasks were carried out, team leaders should receive regular updates from team members.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11042_Dissertação Lucas Queiroz - FINAL APROVADA.pdf: 801845 bytes, checksum: c02d945e52f528faf6319ad6dda19507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14 / A Destilação é um dos processos mais importantes na caracterização do petróleo pois o separa em diferentes frações. O conhecimento da distribuição dos pontos de ebulição dos componentes do petróleo e da proporção de seus cortes é essencial para o controle e logística desse processo durante o refino, além de garantir sua qualidade e possibilitar a valoração do óleo cru. Os métodos laboratoriais mais utilizados atualmente para este fim são as ASTM D2892 (destilação atmosférica: atinge temperatura máxima de 400 ºC) e ASTM D5236 (destilação a vácuo: utiliza pressões reduzidas para destilar o resíduo atmosférico para evitar o craqueamento das moléculas). A curva PEV (curva de pontos de ebulição verdadeiros - resultado laboratorial da destilação física) é obtida através da soma dos resultados das destilações atmosférica e a vácuo. Entretanto, esses processos demandam grandes quantidades de amostra (de 5 a 40 L) e tempo (3 a 4 dias). A Destilação Simulada por cromatografia gasosa (SIMDIS, do inglês Simulated Distillation) se apresenta como uma interessante solução para contornar esses problemas. A amostra é volatilizada e a separação de seus compostos ocorre no interior de uma coluna cromatográfica sob uma variação de temperatura controlada, produzindo um cromatograma e uma curva PEV. Neste trabalho, 98 amostras de petróleo nacionais e internacionais foram analisadas e seus dados foram correlacionados em diferentes etapas. Inicialmente, cada amostra foi analisada utilizando o método ASTM D7169 (SIMDIS) no laboratório de cromatografia do LabPetro na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Essa etapa gerou 4 replicatas.para cada amostra, as quais foram submetidas a uma avaliação de similaridade para determinar qual apresentou o melhor resultado. Os dados da melhor replicata foram correlacionados com os obtidos no Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello (CENPES-Petrobras). A primeira comparação foi uma avaliação de similaridade realizada entre os resultados de SIMDIS dos dois laboratórios, realizada para 44 amostras (amostras cujos resultados de SIMDIS foram disponibilizados pelo CENPES). Em seguida, os dados de SIMDIS obtidos na UFES foram correlacionados com os da destilação convencional do CENPES-Petrobras. A correlação dos resultados se deu através da comparação dos valores de ponto de ebulição a cada 5% de recuperação em massa. A fim de obter esses valores para as duas técnicas, foi feito um ajuste polinomial de quinta ordem. Por fim, foi aplicado um teste de Viés para para avaliar a correlação dos dados. A avaliação final dos resultados evidenciou uma boa similaridade entre os resultados da destilação convencional e SIMDIS. A correlação para 13 petróleos (de um total de 15) obteve bons, não exibindo erros sistemáticos significativos.

Around 20% of America’s population lives in rural communities; however, only 9% of all physicians practice within these rural areas. Consequently, there is a consistent shortage of healthcare resources for these populations.1 To help this shortage, medical institutions should reach out to their local youth because a majority of the physicians who practice medicine in rural areas experienced their childhood in similar communities.2,3 The simulated Medicine in Action camp at Quillen College of Medicine provided an opportunity for local, rural high school students to learn more about the healthcare field in the hopes of eventually playing a role in alleviating the rural healthcare deficiencies. Twenty-one high school students from rural Appalachia with an interest in the healthcare field were recruited by the Simulated Medicine in Action camp to participate in a five-day medical simulation experience developed by the Quillen College of Medicine Center for Experiential Learning. The program employed interactive simulation platforms to provide education to students about various aspects of patient centered care, including communication skills, physical exam skills, technical skills, and integrative clinical reasoning skills. Through a lecture followed by simulation format, students exercised real world medical skills to assess, diagnose, and treat their “patients” in clinical scenarios. This format challenged the students to work as a team and provided students with the opportunity to experience the role of medical professionals. The curriculum also provided students with the opportunity to listen to a panel of physicians as well as a panel of other healthcare professionals to provide exposure to the breadth of the healthcare. Participants completed two surveys using the Likert scale: an entrance survey on the first day of camp and an exit survey on the final day. The likert scoring scale is as follows: 5=strongly agree, 4=agree, 3=neutral, 2=disagree, and 1=strongly disagree. Students responded to the following prompts in both of the entrance survey and the exit survey: (1) I have had enough exposure to the medical field to know that I am interested or not interested in the field; (2) If I decide that I want to be a physician, I believe that I am capable of achieving that goal; (3) If I decide I want to be a physician, I think I know enough about the educational process to pursue that career. Entrance survey had an average of 3.8, 4.5, and 3.7 respectfully. Exit survey had an average of 4.2, 4.7, 4.2 respectfully. Students also responded to the following prompts exclusively in the exit survey with the respected results: The Simulated Medicine in Action Camp improved my desire to pursue a career in healthcare (4.8); The Simulated Medicine in Action Camp improved my desire to become a physician (4.5); The Simulated Medicine in Action Camp improved my desire to pursue further education (4.7). Due to the upward trend and the high Likert scores in the exit survey, we conclude that using medical simulation experience with hands on opportunities and exposure to healthcare providers both clarifies and increases interest among high school students in regards to entering the healthcare field. We hope that this interest propels them into their careers where they may potentially serve their local rural community. References: 1Rosenblatt, R. A., & Hart, L. G. (2000). Physicians and rural America. The Western journal of medicine, 173(5), 348–351. doi:10.1136/ewjm.173.5.348 2Easterbrook, M., Godwin, M., Wilson, R., Hodgetts, G., Brown, G., Pong, R. and Najgebauer, E. (2019). Rural background and clinical rural rotations during medical training: effect on practice location. [online] CMAJ. Available at: http://www.cmaj.ca/content/160/8/1159.short [Accessed 18 Sep. 2019]. 3Feldman, Kymm, et al. "The difference between medical students interested in rural family medicine versus urban family or specialty medicine." Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine, vol. 13, no. 2, 2008, p. 73+. Gale Academic Onefile, Accessed 18 Sept. 2019.

We use the APOSTLE simulation suite to study the formation of galactic disks, in order to better understand the origin of their vertical structure. We select a disk-dominated Milky Way analogue galaxy from the simulation which experiences a minimum of external interaction with its environment as a generalizable test case. The simulated stellar disk is found to form upside-down from a gradually thinning, flared gaseous disk, where the rate of thinning is regulated by feedback from in-situ star formation. No significant sources of vertical heating are present in the disk, allowing the vertical structure of newly-formed stellar populations to be preserved over time. As a result, the properties of the stellar disk as a function of age accurately trace the properties of the gaseous disk as a function of time. This allows us to derive a physical model, in which the disk is isothermal, in quasi-hydrostatic equilibrium, and vertically supported by bulk motions rather than thermal pressure, which relates the present-day vertical age-velocity dispersion relation (AVR) at a given radius to the local star formation history as a simple power-law relation, with a best fit power law index $n=1.82$. This relation is then applied to the observed AVRs in the Milky Way from the recent literature, providing a predicted local star formation history for the Milky Way as a function of radius. We then compare this predicted history to others from the literature, in order to test whether our upside-down model from the simulation is consistent with the observed Galaxy. We also examine the observed ratio of vertical to radial velocity dispersions for consistency with our model. While our predicted history is broadly consistent with other predictions, the range of possible histories in the literature makes a more definitive conclusion difficult. / Graduate

The effects of sublethal drift rates and carryover of glyphosate and dicamba into the next generation of seed potato cultivars Atlantic and Dakota Pearl are unknown. The objective of this research is to determine the impact of sublethal glyphosate and dicamba rates on mother and daughter chipping potato plants. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Oakes, ND. Herbicides were sprayed at the tuber initiation stage and consisted of dicamba (0, 20, and 99 g ae ha-1) and glyphosate (0, 40, and 197% g ae ha-1). During the year of application (2018), the combination of glyphosate at 197 g ha-1 and dicamba at 99 g ha-1 resulted in a 40% yield reduction compared to the non-treated in both cultivars. In 2019, the daughter tubers from mother tubers that were treated with glyphosate (23%) experienced a 16% reduction in marketable yield in both cultivars.

It is a settled principle in our tax law that a court will not be deceived by the form of a transaction, but that effect will be given to the true substance thereof. This principle, embodied in the common law doctrine of substance over form, has been affirmed and applied by the judiciary for well over a century, especially in matters where taxpayers avoid the imposition of potential tax through simulating their transactions. If a court was satisfied that the parties subjectively intended to give effect to some other agreement between them, the court would only have regard to the actual rights and obligations created by the parties and impose tax on their real transactions in accordance with the provisions of a taxing statute. The law in respect of simulated transactions was clear. However, in Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service v NWK Ltd [2011 (2) SA 67 (SCA)] the court ostensibly introduced the requirement of commercial substance as a criterion to determine simulation. The requirement postulates that a transaction which lacks commercial substance will be regarded as simulated, irrespective of the parties’ genuine intention to give effect to the agreement between them. The requirement appears to overrule the entrenched test under the common law doctrine of substance over form and ostensibly established a new objective, independent common law criterion to determine simulation. The NWK requirement invariably ventures into the sphere of legitimate tax planning by virtue of its wide-ranging nature. Taxpayers need to understand the boundaries within which they may legitimately structure their affairs to reduce a potential tax burden as this advances the predictability of the law and respects the rule of law. NWK has, however, rendered the law on this subject rather uncertain and it is therefore crucial to establish the effect and applicability of the requirement to provide guidance to taxpayers on how to structure their affairs to legitimately avoid tax. The question, therefore, is whether the requirement is capable of independent application to determine simulation, or whether the requirement is only indicative of the presence of simulation in a transaction? If the latter, the common law position prior to the judgment will continue to prevail. In this dissertation, compelling arguments which illustrate the incapability of the requirement to function independently to determine simulation is researched, analysed and advanced. These arguments support the view that from a legal and logical point of view, the requirement cannot constitute an independent criterion to determine simulation. In the premise, it is submitted that the established common law doctrine of substance over form, as enunciated in Zandberg v Van Zyl [1910 AD 302], remains reflective of the law on simulated transactions and that the commercial substance requirement is only indicative of the presence of possible simulation in a transaction. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2014 / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

This narrative study examines using a real life simulated problem base learning activity during education of clinical staff, which is expected to design and develop clinically correct electronic charting systems. Expertise in healthcare does not readily transcend to the realm of manipulating software to collect patient data that is pertinent to the care of patients. To gain the expertise, troubleshooting abilities and knowledge required to maintain their clinical system, each participant in this study has gone through the RLSPBL activity. Education in the corporate world must be effective and efficient while providing a good return on the educational investment. Corporate education must use material contextually similar to a workplace, and the techniques for education must provide both near and far transfer of the material. Ten individuals (eight clinical, two non-clinical) who work across the United States were interviewed; their reflections on their career as a clinical interface designer are told here. The participants varied in their age, educational background, and current work responsibility and computer experience. Their insights revealed four major themes which summarize their stories: problem-based learning, collaboration, hands-on activities and the use of a real-life simulated problem-based learning activity.The clinical environment requires patient safety as a paramount parameter in building a clinical charting system. Up to the moment information along with trending capabilities is critical to a clinician caring for a patient. Adhering to best practices and maintaining an efficient data entry system must seamlessly blend technology into the clinician's practice. An understanding of the education of individuals who have created such charting systems is presented here in hopes that what these participants have found to be significant can be shared with others in similar situations.

Virginia Tech\'s Computational Bioinformatics and Bio-imaging Laboratory (CBIL) is exploring integrative network analysis techniques to identify subnetworks or genetic pathways that contribute to various cancers. Chen et. al. developed a bagging Markov random field (BMRF)-based approach which examines gene expression data with prior biological information to reliably identify significant genes and proteins. Using random resampling with replacement (bootstrapping or bagging) is essential to confident results but is computationally demanding as multiple iterations of the network identification (by simulated annealing) is required. The MATLAB implementation is computationally demanding, employs limited concurrency, and thus time prohibitive. Using strong software development discipline we optimize BMRF using algorithmic, compiler, and concurrency techniques (including Nvidia GPUs) to alleviate the wall clock time needed for analysis of large-scale genomic data. Particularly, we decompose the BMRF algorithm into functional blocks, implement the algorithm in C/C++ and further explore the C/C++ implementation with concurrency optimization. Experiments are conducted with simulation and real data to demonstrate that a significant speedup of BMRF can be achieved by exploiting concurrency opportunities. We believe that the experience gained by this research shall help pave the way for us to develop computationally efficient algorithms leveraging concurrency, enabling researchers to efficiently analyze larger-scale data sets essential for furthering cancer research. / Master of Science

Due to the complexity of designing advanced composite parts, many software tools have been developed to aid the designer and reduce design cycle time. Draping is one of those tools and is used to predict the fiber angles throughout the part. This application of draping is to simulate the actual hand layup process that a technician would go through while creating a multi-layered laminate composite part. This method is the first to use plies as an underlying surface for draping instead of just using an offset mold surface. This method can visualize full 3D ply geometry taking into account the thicknesses of the underlying plies and their drop-off regions which a designer could use to avoid superimposing ply drop-offs. Physical testing showed that this method predicts ply drop-off regions reasonably well and allows the designer to visualize the final shape of the laminate. The method also provides for re-ordering of the plies while keeping their cut-out shape the same because of its reverse-process draping technique. Three methods of draping were explored in order to find the best method. Multiple test parts were created with specific features that are difficult to drape. The method to drop fabric to the surface was the most versatile while a method published by Wang was the best for convex surfaces and superior to spread-type draping. No one method worked well for all surfaces.

The current Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) Standards include a provision for the use of experiential learning methods as level I fieldwork experiences by entry-level occupational therapy (OT) education programs (ACOTE, 2018). Included in these experiences are two specific types of simulation: simulated environments and standardized patients. Earlier versions of the ACOTE Standards did not allow for the use of simulation as level I fieldwork experiences. This provision may help mitigate a shortage of level I and level II fieldwork placements and allow academic programs to provide consistent quality level I fieldwork across students (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2017). This use of simulation as a fieldwork training method is an emerging area of OT education that has limited research on its use and best practice. This doctoral project sought to contribute to the existing knowledge by conducting a research study which investigated the use of both simulated environments and standardized patients by academic programs, as well as identifying the primary supports and barriers to its implementation. The project included the creation, distribution, and analysis of a national survey of entry-level OT programs. The survey found that the main barrier and support to implementation of simulation was funding and that private institutions are more likely to utilize standardized patients than public institutions. The results of this study will help inform future ACOTE Standards, provide both the American Occupational Therapy Association and ACOTE with additional information to help determine how to best provide resources for academic programs that facilitate successful implementation of the simulation methods, and help identify programs that can participate in the dissemination of best practice in the use of simulation as fieldwork experiences. The author recommends that ACOTE should also consider mandating the use of simulation, along with other experiential learning activities, as partial fulfillment of level I fieldwork requirements, to allow for better access to funding, decrease the fieldwork burden on traditional fieldwork sites, and allow for more consistent level I fieldwork experiences.