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Background: The exponential growth of the aging population makes research on reversing frailty increasingly important. Objective: To explore the concept of reversing frailty in older adults and identify existing interventions that achieve frailty reversal as an outcome. Methods: We used a five-stage scoping review methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and enhanced by Joanna Briggs, Levac, and colleagues. We critically appraised all eligible studies and synthesized data using descriptive and narrative analyzes. We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Results: The concept of reversing frailty seems complex, and no standard intervention exists.That notwithstanding, a few types of single- or multi-component intervention characteristics showed effectiveness in reversing frailty. Conclusion: Frailty can be reversed. However, concept analysis is needed to clarify and define reverse frailty. To ensure maximum effectiveness, the identified interventions, ranging from mostly physical activity to a combination of physical activity and nutrition, could be tailored to each individual’s needs.

Lietuvoje vaistinių arbatų suvartojimas mažėja jau ketvirtus metus iš eilės, kai tuo tarpu išsivysčiusiose Pasaulio šalyse susidomėjimas augaliniais vaistiniais preparatais didėja. Taip pat Lietuvoje stebima ir vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimento kaita. Arbatų, registruotų kaip tradiciniai augaliniai preparatai, vaistinėse ženkliai mažėja, o maistinių arbatų daugėja. 2014 metų duomenimis Lietuvos Respublikos Valstybiniame vaistų registre yra užregistruotos tik 25 vaistinės arbatos, iš kurių 13 yra mišiniai ir 12 - vienkomponentės arbatos. Šio darbo tikslas - ištirti vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimentą ir pardavimų tendencijas Lietuvos vaistinėse. Siekiant tikslingai atlikti analizę, išsikelti uždaviniai: atlikti literatūros apie vaistinių augalų arbatas analizę, ištirti Lietuvos vaistinėse parduodamų vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimentą, vaistinių augalų arbatų paklausos priklausomybę nuo sezono, nustatyti, kurios vaistinių augalų arbatos yra populiariausios. Tiriamasis darbas - tai vaistažolių arbatų pardavimų Lietuvos vaistinėse aprašomoji analizė, kuriai pasirinktas 2012 metų laikotarpis, surašant kiekvieno mėnesio arbatų pardavimus pasirinktose vaistinėse nuo sausio iki gruodžio imtinai. Atlikus analizę, nustatyta, kad daugiausia (57,85 proc.) yra parduodama „Acorus Calamus“ gaminamos arbatų produkcijos. Arbata fasuota filtro paketėliuose yra 1,71 proc. populiaresnė nei palaida (biri) arbata. Nustatyta, kad nors ir ne ženkliai, tačiau daugiau parduodama vienkomponenčių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Consumption of medicinal tea in Lithuania has been falling for already four years in a row, while the developed world interest in herbal products is increasing. It is also observed that the range of medicinal plant teas is changing in Lithuania. Teas that are registered as traditional herbal medicines, are significantly decreasing in pharmacies, while nutrient teas are increasing. According to 2014 data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of the Republic of Lithuania there are registered only 25 medicinal teas, out of which 13 are mixtures and 12 - single-component teas. The aim of this scientific work is to explore a range of medicinal herbal teas and their sales trends in Lithuanian pharmacies. In order to carry out targeted analysis, the work deals with these tasks: to make the literature analysis on medicinal plant teas, to examine the range of medicinal plants teas sold in the Lithuanian pharmacies, to investigate the medicinal herbal teas elasticity of demand from season, to determine which medicinal plant teas are the most popular. This research work includes the descriptive analysis of the herbal teas sales in Lithuanian pharmacies, for which the period of 2012 was selected; the sales of teas in selected pharmacies were investigated each month from January to December. The analysis showed that the majority (57.85 percent) of sold teas are of “Acorus Calamus” producer. Tea, bagged in sachet filter, is 1.71 percent more popular than loose tea. It was also... [to full text]

Many problems exist in current photoresist designs that will limit their ability to obtain the performance required for future generations of integrated circuit devices. In order to overcome these challenges, novel resist designs are required, along with advancement in the fundamental understanding of the source of these problems. A mesoscale kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of resists was developed to probe the effects of changes in resist formulation and processing. A detailed SEM simulator was developed in order to better understand the effect of metrology on the characterization of the final resist relief image. Several important structure-property relations were developed for the prediction of glass transition temperature in molecular resists and the prediction of the solubility of molecular resists in developer. Five new families of molecular resists were developed that provide solutions to some of the limitations in current resist designs. Single component molecular resists have all of the functional groups required to act as a chemically amplified resist contained in a single molecule. This eliminates inhomogeneities in the resist and provides improved line edge roughness. Non-chemically amplified molecular resists were developed that have very good sensitivity due to the unique dissolution properties of molecular resists. Negative tone molecular resists were developed that have an excellent combination of resolution, sensitivity, and line edge roughness with better resolution than has been previously seen in negative tone resists. Control methods were also developed to improve the resolution of these types of negative tone resists even further.

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro microbial leakage in 4 micro-hybrid composites in combination with 4 single-component dental adhesives (Scotchbond 1/Z100 MP = group 1; Syntac Single-Component/Tetric Flow = group 3; OptiBond Solo/XRV Herculite = group 5; Solobond M/Arabesk Top = group 7) and 4 multi-component dental adhesives (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Z100 MP = group 2; Syntac/Tetric Flow = group 4; OptiBond FL/XRV Herculite = group 6; Solobond Plus/Arabesk Top = group 8). Ninety-four mixed standardized Class V cavities of human caries-free extracted premolars were filled with eight different composite adhesive systems using a one-layer (groups 1–4) or a two-layer technique (groups 5–8). After thermocycling and incubation in a broth culture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, followed by decalcification and staining, the extent and the type of microbial leakage were measured histologically. The extent of microbial leakage in the composite restorations was very low in all groups and there were no significant differences between adhesives. Z100 MP in combination with single- and multi-component adhesives showed a significantly higher microbial leakage than Tetric Flow systems (U test: p = 0.037). XRV Herculite adhesive systems showed significantly less extensive microbial leakage than Arabesk Top adhesive systems (U test: p < 0.001). The single-component dental adhesives achieved a marginal adaptation of composites comparable to that of multi-component adhesives in vitro. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à une classe de molécules électroactives précurseurs de matériaux moléculaires conducteurs à composant unique, les complexes bis(1,2-dithiolène) d'or et de nickel neutres. Nous avons tout d'abord développé une série originale de complexes radicalaires d'or [Au(R-thiazYdt)2] à partir de ligands dithiolène, riches en électron, les N-alkyl-1,3-thiazoline-2-chalcogénone-4,5-dithiolate (R-thiazYdt)2 avec Y = O, S, Se et R = Pr, iPr, cycloPr, NMe2. Le substituant R de l'hétérocycle joue un rôle majeur sur les propriétés des matériaux, résultant des interactions électroniques intermoléculaires entre ces complexes paramagnétiques. Les complexes de nickel diamagnétiques, [Ni(R-thiazSdt)2], des mêmes ligands dithiolène, présentent quant à eux une organisation à l'état solide très différente, conséquence de leur caractère à "couche fermée". Enfin, la réactivité originale des dérivés avec R = tBu conduit à des ligands dithiolène portés par un cycle aromatique 2-alkylthio-thiazole (RS-tzdt). Leurs complexes d'or neutres [Au(RS-tzdt)2] forment des empilements fortement dimérisés et semi-conducteurs. / During this work, we particularly focused on one type of electroactive molecules, precursors of single component molecular conductors, the neutral gold and nickel bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes. First we developed a series of radical gold complexes [Au(R-thiazYdt)2] derived from electron rich dithiolene ligands, the N-alkyl-1,3-thiazoline-2-chalcogenone-4,5-dithiolate (R-thiazYdt)2 with Y = O, S, Se and R = Pr, iPr, cycloPr, NMe2. The R substituent plays an important role on the properties of these materials resulting from the intermolecular electronic interactions between these paramagnetic complexes. Besides, diamagnetic nickel complexes, [Ni(R-thiazSdt)2], with the same dithiolene ligands exhibit a different organization in the solid state, a consequence of their closed shell nature. Finally, the original reactivity of the derivatives with R = tBu leads to dithiolene ligands with an aromatic 2-alkylthio-1,3-thiazole ring (RS-tzdt). Their neutral gold complexes [Au(RS-tzdt)2] form semi-conducting strongly dimerized stacks.

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro microbial leakage in 4 micro-hybrid composites in combination with 4 single-component dental adhesives (Scotchbond 1/Z100 MP = group 1; Syntac Single-Component/Tetric Flow = group 3; OptiBond Solo/XRV Herculite = group 5; Solobond M/Arabesk Top = group 7) and 4 multi-component dental adhesives (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Z100 MP = group 2; Syntac/Tetric Flow = group 4; OptiBond FL/XRV Herculite = group 6; Solobond Plus/Arabesk Top = group 8). Ninety-four mixed standardized Class V cavities of human caries-free extracted premolars were filled with eight different composite adhesive systems using a one-layer (groups 1–4) or a two-layer technique (groups 5–8). After thermocycling and incubation in a broth culture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, followed by decalcification and staining, the extent and the type of microbial leakage were measured histologically. The extent of microbial leakage in the composite restorations was very low in all groups and there were no significant differences between adhesives. Z100 MP in combination with single- and multi-component adhesives showed a significantly higher microbial leakage than Tetric Flow systems (U test: p = 0.037). XRV Herculite adhesive systems showed significantly less extensive microbial leakage than Arabesk Top adhesive systems (U test: p < 0.001). The single-component dental adhesives achieved a marginal adaptation of composites comparable to that of multi-component adhesives in vitro. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a widely used tech-nique both for detecting and purifying substances in academy and in the industry. In order to facilitate the use of, and knowledge in HPLC, character-ization of stationary phases is of utmost importance. Tailor made characteri-zation methods and workflows are steadily increasing the speed and accura-cy in which new separation systems and methods are developed. In the field fundamental separation science and of preparative chromatography there is always the need for faster and more accurate methods of adsorption isotherm determination. Some of that demand are met with the steadily increase of computational power, but the practical aspects on models and methods must also be further developed. These nonlinear characterization methods will not only give models capable of describing the adsorption isotherm but also actual values of local adsorption energies and monolayer saturation capacity of an individual interaction sites etc.The studies presented in this thesis use modern alkali stable stationary phas-es as a model phase, which will give an insight in hybrid materials and their separation mechanism. This thesis will include an update and expansion in using the Elution by Characteristic Points (ECP) method for determination of adsorption isotherms. The precision is even further increased due to the ability to use slope data as well as an increase in usability by assigning a set of guidance rules to be applied when determine adsorption isotherms having inflection points. This thesis will further provide the reader with information about stationary phase characterization and the power of using existing tech-niques; combine them with each other, and also what the expansion of meth-ods can revile in terms of precision and increased usability. A more holistic view of what benefits that comes with combining a non-linear characteriza-tion of a stationary phase with more common linear characterization meth-ods are presented.