Les relations entre la Chine et la France ne cessant de se développer, la problématique de la communication interculturelle entre les deux pays devient un enjeu important. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a pour objectif de mettre en place une approche interculturelle dans l’enseignement du français en milieu universitaire chinois pour sensibiliser les étudiants à la diversité culturelle et les préparer aux contacts interculturels. Avec un cadre de référence méthodologique élaboré essentiellement sous les aspects pragmatique et ethnographique, nous avons essayé donc de cerner l’origine des difficultés communicationnelles et relationnelles entre Chinois et Français en identifiant les principales variables culturelles exprimées sous forme d’allusions dans la langue, d’usages sociolinguistiques et socioculturels qui régissent les interactions verbales et dans les comportements inhérents au langage non-verbal, etc. Les différences culturelles sino-françaises relevées dans notre analyse comparative et descriptive aident d’une part à expliquer les éventuels problèmes/obstacles de compréhension liés aux implicites culturels de ces deux communautés et d’autre part, nous servent de repère important pour proposer des pistes pédagogiques en vue de l’amélioration dans l’enseignement de la culture et la formation d’une compétence de communication interculturelle. / Since relations between China and France are forever growing, the issue of intercultural communication between the two countries is becoming an increasingly important art. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to put in place an intercultural approach of teaching French in Chinese Universities, to sensitize students to cultural diversity and prepare them for intercultural contacts. With a methodological reference framework developed essentially under the pragmatic and ethnographic aspects, we have tried to identify the origins of communication and relational difficulties between Chinese and French people by identifying the main cultural variables expressed by allusions in language, in sociolinguistic and sociocultural uses that govern verbal interactions and behaviour inherent to non-verbal language, etc. The Sino-French cultural differences revealed by our comparative and descriptive analysis helps on one hand to explain eventual problems/obstacles to understanding linked to implicit cultural meanings of two communities, and on the other hand, they can be used as an important mark to propose pedagogic clues aiming to the better teaching of culture and training of an intercultural communication competence.

PURPOSE:To assess if intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can possibly lead to improved local control and lower incidence of vision impairment/blindness in comparison to non-IMRT techniques when treating sinonasal malignancies / what is the most optimal dose constraints for the optic pathway / and the impact of different IMRT strategies on optic pathway sparing in this setting.METHODS AND MATERIALS:A literature search in the PubMed databases was conducted in July, 2012.RESULTS:Clinical studies on IMRT and 2D/3D (2 dimensional/3 dimensional) RT for sinonasal malignancies suggest improved local control and lower incidence of severe vision impairment with IMRT in comparison to non-IMRT techniques. As observed in the non-IMRT studies, blindness due to disease progression may occur despite a lack of severe toxicity possibly due to the difficulty of controlling locally very advanced disease with a dose less than or equal to] 70Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy's influence on the the risk of severe optic toxicity after radiotherapy is unclear. A maximum dose of less than or equal to] 54Gy with conventional fractionation to the optic pathway may decrease the risk of blindness. Increased magnitude of intensity modulation through increasing the number of segments, beams, and using a combination of coplanar and non-coplanar arrangements may help increase dose conformality and optic pathway sparing when IMRT is used.CONCLUSION:IMRT optimized with appropriate strategies may be the treatment of choice for the most optimal local control and optic pathway sparing when treating sinonasal malignancy.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Reissued 30 May 2017 with correction to department on title page. / Relations between China and Japan suffer under the "history issue", an inability to reconcile these nations' relative perspectives on past wartime events. With emphasis on China's construction of the history issue, this thesis analyzes when and why China calls particular attention to Japan's past aggression and the degree to which China's actions have impacted bilateral relations from 1972 to 2016. Using elements from collective memory, national identity, and balance of power theories, this thesis makes four main arguments. First, provocative Japanese behavior revives the collective memories of past trauma and provokes criticism of Japanese politics. Second, when China perceives threats from Japan, it highlights Japan's past atrocities and lack of contrition to contain Japan's ambitions or gain relative power. Third, when collective memory is the main driver in shaping relations, balance of power plays a more supporting role and vice versa. Last, the public's collective memory and the volatile activation of the public's genuine anti-Japanese sentiments were the strongest factors in explaining the downturn of relations. As the United States implements its security strategy in East Asia, understanding historical disputes and their implications on the security status of the region is crucial, as they will affect agreements with our allies. / Major, United States Marine Corps

En pratique, de nombreux obstacles peuvent empêcher le déroulement naturel du contrat. Lorsque ces obstacles n'ont qu'un caractère provisoire, le droit contemporain offre au contractant une solution temporaire : la suspension du contrat. Cependant, jusqu'à nos jours, cette solution du droit n'est pas soumise à un régime juridique unitaire. La suspension se dissimule dans diverses techniques juridiques, traditionnelles ou modernes. Le droit comparé français chinois à l'égard de la suspension permet d'identifier clairement l'ensemble de ces techniques, d'en envisager une nouvelle compréhension et de proposer une systématisation du phénomène complexe de suspension. Notre étude a révélé plusieurs constatations importantes. Pour un contractant, la suspension n'est pas uniquement une solution permettant de sanctionner l'inexécution temporaire de son cocontractant, elle peut également servir à justifier son inexécution légitime. En outre, la suspension peut être utilisée non seulement en cas d'inexécution du contrat, mais aussi en cas de risque d'inexécution. Enfin, l'objet visé par la suspension peut être non seulement la prestation contractuelle, mais aussi les travaux préparatoires à celle-ci. / In practice several obstacles may prevent the natural progress of the contract. When those obstacles are not permanent in nature, modern law offers the contracting party a temporary solution : suspension of the contract. However, up until now, that legal solution has not been subject to a unitary legal system. Suspension is concealed by a range of traditional and modern legal techniques. Sino-French comparative law in relation to suspension makes it possible to clearly identify all these techniques, to envisage a new understanding and to offer a systematization of the complex phenomenon of suspension. Our study has revealed several important findings. For a contracting party, suspension is not merely a way to enable the sanctioning of temporary breach by the other contracting party; it can also be used to prove his legitimate breach. In addition, suspension can be used, not only in the event of breach of contract, but also in the event of the risk of breach. Lastly, the object affected by the suspension may not only be the contractual arrangement, but also the work leading up to it.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Integração Contemporânea da América Latina da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Integração Latino-Americana. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jayme Benvenuto Lima Júnior e Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Ferreira da Costa Lima (UFPE/UNILA) / Submitted by Ronaldo Silva (ronaldosilvars@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-06T17:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Ronaldo_Silva_FINAL_24-01-2018_FINAL.pdf: 931090 bytes, checksum: 745ce3c6033aeb2488dd4acd959678c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nilson Junior (nilson.junior@unila.edu.br) on 2018-02-06T17:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Ronaldo_Silva_FINAL_24-01-2018_FINAL.pdf: 931090 bytes, checksum: 745ce3c6033aeb2488dd4acd959678c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T17:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Ronaldo_Silva_FINAL_24-01-2018_FINAL.pdf: 931090 bytes, checksum: 745ce3c6033aeb2488dd4acd959678c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-23 / Concerning greater research interests regarding the BRICS states per se in their interactions in the development and promotion of their cooperation policies towards national intrabloc interests, the present dissertation aims to analyze Sino-Brazilian bilateral international cooperation conferences on Science, Technology and Innovation in the Aereospace area and its intersections with the policies, principles and guidelines of the BRICS international policy. We propose to rethink the intersections between cooperation practices and intra-bloc relations through a qualitative-textual analysis from the political guidelines present in the official speeches of the bloc. On a such broad thematic, a case study approach on International Cooperation is used precisely in the Aerospace Area, whose diplomatic relations were established in 1988 through the CBERS Program ("Earth Resources Satellite -China") aimed at building and launching satellites - a pioneering project among developing countries in the field of high technology. Since then, five satellites have been launched in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2013 and 2014 respectively, with the launch of new satellites through the 2013-2022 Ten- Year Plan for Spatial Cooperation signed in 2013, which provides for the continuity of the CBERS Program and its extension of aerospace cooperation to other sectors, such as meteorological satellites, launch services and staff training / Desenvolvendo-se em torno de interesses maiores de pesquisas referentes aos Estados que compõem os BRICS per se em suas interações com vistas ao desenvolvimento e promoção de suas políticas de cooperação para com os interesses nacionais intra-bloco, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a cooperação internacional bilateral Sino-Brasileira na área Espacial e as suas interseções com as políticas, princípios e diretrizes da política internacional dos BRICS. Propõe-se a repensar as intersecções entre as práticas de cooperação e as relações intra-bloco por meio de uma análise qualitativa-textual a partir das diretrizes políticas presentes nos discursos oficiais do bloco. Diante de uma temática ampla, recorre-se a uma abordagem de estudo de caso sobre a Cooperação Internacional precisamente na Área Espacial, cujas relações diplomáticas foram estabelecidas em 1988 por meio do Programa CBERS (sigla em inglês para "Satélite de Recursos Terrestres Brasil-China") voltado à construção e ao lançamento de satélites – projeto pioneiro entre países em desenvolvimento no campo da alta tecnologia. Desde então foram lançados cinco satélites, respectivamente nos anos 1999, 2003, 2007, 2013 e 2014, prevendo-se o lançamento de novos satélites através do Plano Decenal de Cooperação Espacial 2013-2022, assinado no ano de 2013, que prevê a continuidade do Programa CBERS e a sua ampla a cooperação espacial a outros setores, como satélites meteorológicos, serviços de lançamento e formação de pessoal.

In China¡¦s view, it is necessary to get crude oil and oil pipeline. Under Russia and China strategic partnership, China tries to obtain ¡§long term promises¡¨ and ¡§Pipeline Corporation¡¨ from Russia in oil diplomacy. There are several findings in this article: 1. International oil prices are important to China¡¦s oil diplomacy with Russia. 2.China¡¦s oil diplomacy with Russia includes geop olitcs and diversification. 3. Due to economic development, China needs long term oil supply contract. Putin did not prove this contract. 4. Because of navel and air forces are not strong enough, China develops oil pipeline to protect oil security.

Texte remanié de: D. Diss.--Stanford University, 199? / Idéogrammes calligraphiés par Ke Ling au verso de la p. d' avant-titre. Bibliogr. p. [221]-240.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-70).

Thesis (M.A.)--Zheng zhi da xue, 1974. / Reproduced from typescritp. On double leaves, oriental style. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-126).