For years, corporations in the United States have criticized the native workforce for not having enough qualified workers who are skilled in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Changing the immigration system could solve their problem. Current debates about how to best accomplish this task stem from different perceptions of whether high-skill immigrants adapt to the labor market, suffer from labor market disadvantages or meet rapid earnings growth. This study examines the initial wage gap immigrants working in the scientific research, development and testing services industry face upon entry to the United States as well as their income assimilation patterns. Ultimately, this paper provides evidence of a wage gap in this industry for recently arrived immigrants and otherwise similar natives, as well as confirms that the earnings for male immigrants in the industry tend to converge toward native levels the longer they remain in the country. Therefore, these results can provide valuable perspective on present immigration debates about whether to reduce immigration levels or change the skill composition of new immigrants.

In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being. In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications. Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.

In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being. In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications. Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.

In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being. In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications. Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.

In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being. In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications. Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilda Amaral Carvalho Momo.pdf: 2485919 bytes, checksum: a1982f3c3d3569cc5c367341143371d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, Brazil has been experiencing frequent influx of foreign professionals seeking work in the country. As a result of Brazil's resilience to the global financial crisis started in 2008, the country has become an increasingly attractive destination for immigrants, constituting a unique opportunity to attract talent in the international market and thus promote the development of the country more effectively. The objective of this dissertation is to study the high-skilled immigration in Brazil in the 21st century. Through survey data obtained from the Ministry of Labour of Brazil (2012) more than 73,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil in the year 2012, which represents an increase of over 50% compared to 2009. Much of this contingent is made up of professionals with higher education and with high technical expertise. They are highly qualified which made them wanted by any transnational company in a globalized world where knowledge is the key requirement to develop a country like Brazil. We intend to analyze these immigrants, their countries of origin, professional activity, in which areas they work in Brazil, gender and level of education. We will start a field research through interviews with immigrants to know about their trajectories, the reasons that brought them to Brazil and their experiences in working in a country so distant and multiethnic. It is therefore an empirical research, exploratory and incorporates bibliographies and surveys of a documentary nature, from which yielded quantitative and qualitative information. The work raises chances that the international economic crisis and social networking were important factors in the decision to migrate to Brazil. Hypotheses that will be confirmed by the search result. Although the phenomenon of skilled immigration is not recent, it is little studied and the dissertation will enrich that study by presenting a single fact in the history of Brazilian immigration with a wealth of amazing data about this new international migratory flow which begins in the 21st century, where high professional qualification requirement determines human mobility on the world stage / O Brasil vem presenciando nos últimos anos um aumento frequente de profissionais estrangeiros que buscam trabalho qualificado no país. Como resultado da resiliência brasileira perante a crise financeira internacional iniciada em 2008, o país se tornou um destino cada vez mais atraente para os imigrantes, o que constitui uma oportunidade única para atrair talentos no mercado internacional que possam contribuir de uma maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento do país. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir e analisar a imigração qualificada para o Brasil no século XXI. De acordo com dados fornecidos pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego do Brasil, mais de 73.000 imigrantes chegaram ao Brasil no ano de 2012, o que equivale a um aumento de mais de 50% em relação a 2009. Grande parte deste contingente é constituída por profissionais com ensino superior completo e com alta especialização técnica. São profissionais altamente qualificados que os fazem serem requisitados por qualquer empresa transnacional no mundo, mas principalmente no Brasil que ainda não os dispõe em número suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de crescimento do país. Pretendemos analisar a imigração qualificada no Brasil, identificando estes imigrantes, a partir de critérios como nacionalidade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, em que setores atuam no Brasil, estado civil, gênero. Daremos início a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com os imigrantes para saber sobre suas trajetórias, os motivos que os trouxeram para o Brasil e suas experiências em trabalhar num país tão distante e multiétnico. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter exploratório e que incorpora levantamento de natureza bibliográfica e documental, a partir do qual se produziram informações quantitativas e qualitativas. O trabalho levanta as hipóteses de que a crise econômica internacional e as redes sociais foram fatores importantes na decisão de imigrar para o Brasil. Hipóteses que se confirmarão com o resultado da pesquisa. Embora o fenômeno da imigração qualificada não seja recente, é pouco estudado e o presente trabalho inovará ao apresentar essa nova face da imigração brasileira e internacional que se inicia no século XXI, onde a exigência de alta qualificação profissional determina a mobilidade humana no cenário mundial

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilda Amaral Carvalho Momo.pdf: 2485919 bytes, checksum: a1982f3c3d3569cc5c367341143371d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, Brazil has been experiencing frequent influx of foreign professionals seeking work in the country. As a result of Brazil's resilience to the global financial crisis started in 2008, the country has become an increasingly attractive destination for immigrants, constituting a unique opportunity to attract talent in the international market and thus promote the development of the country more effectively. The objective of this dissertation is to study the high-skilled immigration in Brazil in the 21st century. Through survey data obtained from the Ministry of Labour of Brazil (2012) more than 73,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil in the year 2012, which represents an increase of over 50% compared to 2009. Much of this contingent is made up of professionals with higher education and with high technical expertise. They are highly qualified which made them wanted by any transnational company in a globalized world where knowledge is the key requirement to develop a country like Brazil. We intend to analyze these immigrants, their countries of origin, professional activity, in which areas they work in Brazil, gender and level of education. We will start a field research through interviews with immigrants to know about their trajectories, the reasons that brought them to Brazil and their experiences in working in a country so distant and multiethnic. It is therefore an empirical research, exploratory and incorporates bibliographies and surveys of a documentary nature, from which yielded quantitative and qualitative information. The work raises chances that the international economic crisis and social networking were important factors in the decision to migrate to Brazil. Hypotheses that will be confirmed by the search result. Although the phenomenon of skilled immigration is not recent, it is little studied and the dissertation will enrich that study by presenting a single fact in the history of Brazilian immigration with a wealth of amazing data about this new international migratory flow which begins in the 21st century, where high professional qualification requirement determines human mobility on the world stage / O Brasil vem presenciando nos últimos anos um aumento frequente de profissionais estrangeiros que buscam trabalho qualificado no país. Como resultado da resiliência brasileira perante a crise financeira internacional iniciada em 2008, o país se tornou um destino cada vez mais atraente para os imigrantes, o que constitui uma oportunidade única para atrair talentos no mercado internacional que possam contribuir de uma maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento do país. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir e analisar a imigração qualificada para o Brasil no século XXI. De acordo com dados fornecidos pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego do Brasil, mais de 73.000 imigrantes chegaram ao Brasil no ano de 2012, o que equivale a um aumento de mais de 50% em relação a 2009. Grande parte deste contingente é constituída por profissionais com ensino superior completo e com alta especialização técnica. São profissionais altamente qualificados que os fazem serem requisitados por qualquer empresa transnacional no mundo, mas principalmente no Brasil que ainda não os dispõe em número suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de crescimento do país. Pretendemos analisar a imigração qualificada no Brasil, identificando estes imigrantes, a partir de critérios como nacionalidade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, em que setores atuam no Brasil, estado civil, gênero. Daremos início a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com os imigrantes para saber sobre suas trajetórias, os motivos que os trouxeram para o Brasil e suas experiências em trabalhar num país tão distante e multiétnico. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter exploratório e que incorpora levantamento de natureza bibliográfica e documental, a partir do qual se produziram informações quantitativas e qualitativas. O trabalho levanta as hipóteses de que a crise econômica internacional e as redes sociais foram fatores importantes na decisão de imigrar para o Brasil. Hipóteses que se confirmarão com o resultado da pesquisa. Embora o fenômeno da imigração qualificada não seja recente, é pouco estudado e o presente trabalho inovará ao apresentar essa nova face da imigração brasileira e internacional que se inicia no século XXI, onde a exigência de alta qualificação profissional determina a mobilidade humana no cenário mundial

Since the mid-1990s, New Zealand has become a popular study destination for international students. In its neo-liberal knowledge economy policies including an export education policy, international education agenda, and skilled immigration policy, international students are conceptualised as ideal policy subjects: free, rational and self-interested knowledge consumers and globally available human resources. International postgraduates are expected to contribute to New Zealand’s knowledge economy with their knowledge and skills. However, both the statistics and empirical research suggest that these students’ experiences do not always coincide with the policy expectations owing to the involvement of multiple political and non-political factors and actors including international students themselves. Cultural differences in particular, generate extra challenges for these policies to recruit and serve international students and retain international graduates from non-Western cultural backgrounds including those from Mainland China. The gap between the policy intentions and these students’ experiences draws our attention to the roles of multiple regimes of government and individual students as active agencies in overseas study and raises the question of how the two aspects can converge to achieve a ‘good’ overseas study in a complicated culture-crossing policy environment. This thesis takes a post-structuralist approach and uses an adapted Foucauldian conceptual framework that develops the concept of governmentality to explore the experiences of a group of postgraduate Chinese international students studying at two New Zealand universities. It combines documentary research, an online survey and 56 in-depth interviews for data collection with culturally informed discursive, Foucauldian descriptive statistical and Foucauldian narrative analyses of data. The findings show that the convergence between New Zealand’s knowledge economy policies and Chinese students’ experiences of ‘good’ overseas study is not straightforward. This thesis argues that Chinese international students are not made and governed by a singular political power like the New Zealand Government but by multiple regimes of practices through which these students are assembled. Chinese cultural mechanisms such as filial piety, reciprocity and loyalty, play a crucial role in constituting the field of international education and assembling regimes of subjectification. Moreover, these cultural mechanisms are not only embodied in governmental technologies themselves as technical means, but also activated through the coexistence of multiple rationalities, the hybridisation of regimes of subjectification and cross-cultural applications of these technologies. This thesis helps explain both ways in which Chinese students get ‘made into’ subjects who are willing to constitute themselves as international students obliged to come to New Zealand and contribute to the knowledge economy and also the constellations of factors motivating them to move away from on-going, constant and regular engagement with New Zealand as a knowledge economy. With its findings, the thesis attempts not only to provide valuable policy recommendations but also to contribute to sociological understandings of the global governance of border-crossing population movements and comparative studies in the sociology of education.