Regulation of slavery in current international law Abstract: This diploma thesis deals with the adjustment of slavery in international law at present. Although slavery could seem like an extinct institute at present, the opposite is true. Slavery is developing more than ever before. But it does not appear in its traditional forms. Detection is much more demanding. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of international regulation of slavery and evaluate efficiency of this regulation including control mechanisms, which are enshrined in various treaties. The first part is dedicated to the prohibition of slavery as a peremptory norm. I deal with individual characters which peremtory norm has to fulfill and then derive inclusion of slavery as a peremptory norm. The other part is focused on the definition of criteria which will be used to study individual conventions. These criteria are relevant to the assessment whether specific conventions and their control mechanisms are effective. The main part of the thesis is the part in which I am focusing on the definition of conventions which regulate the slavery. In the first part, there are universal conventions which contain the element of slavery, then specialized conventions and in the last part conventions which regulate forms of slavery....

This is a collection of discrete essays, each embodying original research and bearing on the theme of gender and slavery at the Cape of Good Hope. Amelioration at the Cape profoundly altered gendered perceptions of slaves, both on the part of slaveholders, and of the slaves themselves. The amelioration regulations entailed a redefinition of the gender of female slaves, which was resisted by slaveholders and transformed by slave women, while slave men began to redefine their own gendered identities in this light. Slaveholders' traditional patriarchal self-concepts were severely threatened in this context, as they progressively lost power and authority, both to the new paternalist colonial state and to those who had formerly been subsumed within the patriarchal family. There are five papers, the first an introduction to the theoretical framework of the collection and an outline of the general argument as outlined above. The second paper provides a critique of existing Cape slave historiography from a gendered perspective. It examines the problems of this literature methodologically and theoretically, focusing on the implications of the slave sex ratio for the history of slave women. The final three papers are based on empirical research. The third paper examines the structural constraints on slave family formation in Cape Town from the perspective of slave women. The fourth and fifth papers explore issues related to infanticide and slave reproduction, and slave resistance in relation to the Bokkeveld rebellion of 1825, respectively.

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In the scholarly literature, colonizationists and radical abolitionists are portrayed as composing perpetually warring camps. While that may have been true at the state and national levels of the movements, the evidence suggests that the relationship between the groups was much more fluid at the grassroots. In Washington County, Pennsylvania, colonizationists and radical abolitionists cooperated on various community-development initiatives during the 1830s. Slavery was important to these community elites. But other issues were just as important to them, if not more. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / History / MA; / Thesis;

The purpose of this thesis is to provide for the reader an isolated study based on a thorough research of the Adams Papers, Congressional Globe, and American Foreign Relations Papers, of Adams' views on slavery, both legal and moral.

The debate on Paul’s views on slavery has ranged from calling him criminal in his enforcement of the status quo to rallying behind his idea of equal Christians in a community. In this thesis I blend these two major views into the idea that Paul supported both the institution of slavery and the slave by legitimizing the role of the slave in Christian theology. This is done by reviewing the mainstream views of slavery, comparing them to Paul’s writing, both the non-disputed and disputed, and detailing how Paul’s presentation of slavery differed from mainstream views. It is this difference which protects the slave from their master and brings attention to the slave’s actions and devotion. To Paul, slavery was a natural institution which should be emulated Christian devotion. He did not challenge the Romans but called for Christians to challenge the mainstream views of the roles of slavery in the social hierarchy of their communities.

This thesis builds the micro foundations of the first modern social movement: the movement for the abolition of the slave trade in the early 19th century British context. I derive theories of action from the historical literature, and use work from historical sociology and movement theory to understand the decision to petition for abolition. Two major empirical undertakings are employed to adjudicate between different theories of action accounting for abolitionist petitioning. First, zooming in on Manchester, I deploy the signatures of an abolitionist petition to find the social-structural drivers of abolitionist mobilization. Through a careful reconstruction of the city’s historic geography, I place over 10000 residents in physical space along with important buildings, such as churches, inns and taverns: focal points that provided the basis of associational life and early civil society, places where politics was done at the time. I delineate the limits of the impact of the Quaker congregation, and demonstrate that in fact these focal points induced the spatial-clustering of abolitionist petitioners. Furthermore, I reveal that economic interests are not among key drivers of abolitionist petitioning, as no clear occupational-gradient is found among petitioners. Besides the theoretical contributions, I use innovative ways to test which social relationships were crucial for petitioning. Second, zooming out on the national petitioning campaign I use self-collected data on petitions form the Journals of the British Parliament to study the movement at the macro level. The analysis shows that contact with the London-based central movement-organization was key for the success of the first campaign, but it also reveals that the second campaign relied more on "horizontal" connections rather than hierarchical ones tying provincial towns to London. Second, I confirm that non-conformist religious organizations were pivotal for the inception, and scaling of the national campaign, but the Quaker church seem to exert more important and continuous influence compared to the Wesleyan Methodist organization. Last but not least, I show that industrialization plays a key, and increasingly important role in the campaign for abolition.

This thesis offers the first full-scale analysis of the epigraphic evidence for Roman freedwomen, i.e. an analysis of all Latin inscriptions mentioning libertae in the Roman Empire – almost 10,000 texts – from the city of Rome, Italy and the provinces. The aim of this project is to present a fuller image of the lives of these women, based on the evidence left behind by themselves and those in close contact with them, to put a check on their portrayal in the ancient literary sources, which has strongly influenced the modern understanding of libertae. The inscriptions have been drawn from the standard corpora and databases (esp. CIL and AE), and assembled in a searchable FileMaker Pro database. The study of the data has been conducted in two parts, the first focussing on the role of freedwomen in the familia, and the second on the role achieved by libertae in their communities and the wider Roman society, including also analysis of the identity of freedwomen’s partners, the marital terms used in inscriptions to describe married freedwomen, the legal status of freedwoman’s children, the women’s (and their relatives’) involvement in professions as well as cultic activities. The method employed in the discussion of the material is that of methodical argumentation, progressively building a new and fresh image of Roman libertae in the course of the thesis. The results demonstrate that the focus on the city of Rome adopted by many scholars distorts the picture substantially, as does the focus on the literary sources; in particular, the women emerge from this study as endowed with greater agency than hitherto accepted, and their ‘double flaw’ of having a servile past and of being of female gender appears less of an obstacle in their lives than widely assumed: epigraphically attested libertae do not conform to the image of ‘the Roman freedman’. This thesis thus represents both a contribution to the study of Latin epigraphy and the study of women in the Roman world. The analysis is supported by two appendices: the Appendix Epigraphica offers a list of many of the texts discussed in the chapters, together with an English translation; the Appendix Graphica assembles all the graphs and tables employed in the thesis to analyse the data.