Bakgrund: Outsourcing är ett fenomen som rönt mycket uppmärksamhet under de senaste två decennierna, och kan ses som en trend. De företag som väljer att outsourca gör detta för att få de fördelar som outsourcing sägs ge. Trots de många fördelar indikerar ny forskning på att en del företag väljer att avsluta sina samarbeten med sina leverantörer. Dessa företag går därför emot trenden att outsourca. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att förklara varför småföretag väljer att insourca en specifik aktivitet. Uppsatsen ämnar testa begrepp från forskning kring outsourcing och backsourcing som förklaring till insourcing, samt identifiera hur insourcingprocessen ser ut för småföretag. Metod: Denna studie har tillämpat en kvalitativ metodansats där en fallstudie har utförts på tre småföretag. Datainhämtningen har skett genom intervjuer med företagens ägare/VD. Slutsats: Småföretags främsta anledning till att insourca en aktivitet härleds till ökad kontroll och service, men kan även härledas till ägarnas egenskaper som person. Insourcing är ett även ett sätt att garantera ett mervärde för kunden och på så sätt skapa långsiktiga, stabila och lönsamma relationer. / Background: Outsourcing is a phenomenon that has gained a lot of attention during the last two decades, and can be seen as a trend. The companies who choose to outsource do it to acquire the benefits that outsourcing can give. Despite the benefits, more recent studies shows that companies choose to end their cooperation with their suppliers. These companies therefore go in the reverse direction of the trend that says that companies should outsource. Aim: The aim of this studie is to explain why small entreprises choose to insource a specific activity. The studie will try to test different concepts from research regarding outsourcing and backsourcing to explain insourcing. The study also aims to identify how the the insourcing process looks like for small enterprises. Methodology: This studie has applied a qualitative method, where a case study has been used on three small enterprises. The collection of the data was made through interviews with the owner/CEO of the company. Conclusion: The two leading motives why small enterprises choose to insource an activity are because of higher degree of control and service, but also because of the characteristics of the owner of small enterprises. Insourcing is also a way of securing a high value in the offering of products to the customers and thereby create more stable, long-term and profitable relations with their customers.

Le contexte de cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un contrat Cifre, passé entre un laboratoire (le GLYSI, devenu MODYS), une entreprise (petite PME de 70 salariés, proposant des solutions téléphoniques aux très petites entreprises) et l’ANRT. Une telle coopération présentait plusieurs avantages, tant pour la recherche sociologique que pour la PME. La recherche a ainsi pu obtenir de travailler sur un segment d’entreprise encore peu étudié, c'est-à-dire les TPE de 0 à 9 salariés, tant du point de vue de l’organisation que de la communication et de pratiquer une sociologie appliquée par le concours d’une immersion totale dans l’entreprise. La PME, quant à elle, attendait de comprendre les attentes futures de sa clientèle finale grâce à une méthodologie qualitative dont la spécificité est d’apporter des éclairages différents et complémentaire à ceux du pôle marketing et d’apporter des réponses aux problèmes de communication internes et aux cloisonnements géographiques.La recherche menée dans le domaine de la sociologie des organisations stricto sensu porte essentiellement sur la question du lien qu’entretiennent entre elles la communication et l’organisation d’entreprise et pose l’hypothèse que ce sont les prises de décisions qui relient ces deux éléments. Les résultats de l’analyse mettent également en exergue l’importance relative des NTIC dans le fonctionnement des TPE. Quant à la recherche menée pour le compte de l’entreprise, elle est rapidement confrontée à un contexte de marché particulier. Le marché des télécommunications traverse une période tourmentée puisque France Télécom en perd le monopôle. Ce faisant, le groupe France Télécom modifie ses appels d’offres, ce qui, à terme, va entrainer la fermeture de la PME. / The contexte of this research takes place within the framework of a contract Cifre.This contract was signed between a laboratory (the GLYSI, become MODYS), a company (small and medium-sized entreprise (SME) of 70 employees proposing phone solutions in very small entreprises) and the ANRT. Such a cooperation presented several advantages, both for the sociological research and for the SME.The research was so able to obtain to work on a segment of company still little studied, the very smalls companies from 0 to 9 employees, both from the point of view of the organization and of the communication, and to practise a sociology applied thanks to a total dumping in the SME, as for it, waited to understand the future waits of it final clientele thanks to a qualitative methodology and to bring answers to the internal communications problems and to the geographical subdivisions. The research concerns essentially the question of the link that maintain between them the communication and the organization of company and put the hypothesis that it is the decision-making which connect these two elements. The results of the analysis also highlight the relative importance of the new tools of information and communication in the functioning of the very small entreprises. As for the research led for the company, it is quickly confronted with a context of particular market. The market of telecommunications crosses a restless period, because France Télécom loses the monopole. In so doing, the group FT modifies its calls for tender what, later, is going to entrainer the closure of the SME.

O valor das pequenas e médias empresas de base tecnológica para a economia local brasileira é amplamente reconhecido como essencial para a atividade empresarial, a criação de postos de trabalho qualificados, e inovação com grande potencial no mercado, contribuindo para a dinâmica da economia. Além disso, essas empresas fomentam o processo de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em uma sociedade, além de estreitar as relações entre os diversos setores da economia. Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a forma como o processo de inovação tecnológica ocorre em pequenas e médias empresas de base tecnológica localizadas na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. O referencial teórico utilizado é composto por cinco modelos de inovação: modelo linear de inovação (Scienc push), modelo linear reverso de inovação (demand pull),the coupling model, modelo de interações em cadeia, e modelo sistêmico. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi o estudo de caso múltiplo qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados com de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise ocorreu para cada caso, e fazendo uma comparação em busca de semelhanças e diferenças, levando à formação de resultados válidos. A amostra foi composta por quatro pequenas e médias empresas das cidades da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. Como resultado da observação de modelos de desenvolvimento de inovação adotados pelas empresas, verifica-se que o modelo se aproximava do que foi proposto no modelo de interações em cadeia. O desenvolvimento da inovação depende do segmento em que a empresa opera e das interações que possui com ambiente interno e externo. Foi possível concluir que a PMEBT não inova de maneira sistemática, mas de modo intuitivo e muito centrado nas ideias de seus fundadores. Inova focando tanto no atendimento aos requisitos dos clientes quanto nas necessidades observadas no mercado. A formação de parcerias ainda é vista com receio pelos dirigentes e proprietários. / The value of small and medium technology-based enterprises for Brazilian for local economy is widely recognized as essential to entrepreneurial activity, creating skilled jobs and innovation with great potential in the market, contributing to a dynamic the economy. In addition, these enterprises encourage the process of science and technology development in a society and narrow down the relationships between various sectors of the economy. Thereby, this paper aims to study how the technological innovation process occurs in technology-based small and medium enterprises located in Metropolitan Region of Paraíba Valley and North Coast. The theoretical framework used is composed by five our models of innovation: linear model of innovation (Scienc push) , linear model of innovation reverse (demand pull), the model coupling, chain interactions model and the system model. The methodological approach used was the qualitative multiple case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysis occurred for each case and them making a comparison between the cases in search of similarities and differences leading to the formation of valid results. The sample consisted of four small and medium enterprises in the cities of the metropolitan region of the Paraíba Valley and North Coast. As a result of observation of innovative development models adopted by companies, it turns out that the model is closer to what was proposed in the chain interactions model. The development of innovation depends on the segment in which the company operates and the interactions it has with internal and external environment. It was concluded that the PMEBT does not innovate in a systematic way, but intuitively and very focused on the ideas of its founders . Inova is focusing on meeting the customer requirements and needs observed in the market . The formation of partnerships is still viewed warily by the leaders and owners.