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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Cost-Sensitive Classification Methods for the Detection of Smuggled Nuclear Material in Cargo Containers

Webster, Jennifer B 16 December 2013 (has links)
Classification problems arise in so many different parts of life – from sorting machine parts to diagnosing a disease. Humans make these classifications utilizing vast amounts of data, filtering observations for useful information, and then making a decision based on a subjective level of cost/risk of classifying objects incorrectly. This study investigates the translation of the human decision process into a mathematical problem in the context of a border security problem: How does one find special nuclear material being smuggled inside large cargo crates while balancing the cost of invasively searching suspect containers against the risk of al lowing radioactive material to escape detection? This may be phrased as a classification problem in which one classifies cargo containers into two categories – those containing a smuggled source and those containing only innocuous cargo. This task presents numerous challenges, e.g., the stochastic nature of radiation and the low signal-to-noise ratio caused by background radiation and cargo shielding. In the course of this work, we will break the analysis of this problem into three major sections – the development of an optimal decision rule, the choice of most useful measurements or features, and the sensitivity of developed algorithms to physical variations. This will include an examination of how accounting for the cost/risk of a decision affects the formulation of our classification problem. Ultimately, a support vector machine (SVM) framework with F -score feature selection will be developed to provide nearly optimal classification given a constraint on the reliability of detection provided by our algorithm. In particular, this can decrease the fraction of false positives by an order of magnitude over current methods. The proposed method also takes into account the relationship between measurements, whereas current methods deal with detectors independently of one another.
2

MODIFICAÇÃO DE FILTROS DE CIGARROS CONTRABANDEADOS COM ÍONS FÉRRICOS PARA UTILIZAÇÃO NA DEGRADAÇÃO DE CORANTES REATIVOS.

Felipe, Letícia Polli Glugoski 03 March 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:37:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Polli Felipe.pdf: 1958061 bytes, checksum: b82e1f2169bc0e76090b4e7e6ba057dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper describes a study of two serious environmental problems, filters of smuggled cigarettes and dyes from the textile industry. Immobilized ferric ions in filters of smuggled cigarettes, in order to develop a new material, to act as a catalyst in the degradation of the dye Reactive Black 5, through advanced oxidation process photo- Fenton. For characterization of the material used up techniques such as spectroscopy in the infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance in the UV-Vis region, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive and atomic absorption, it was found that the iron is immobilized on the surface of the material evenly and that the structure of the material is not modified after being used in various degradations of the dye Reactive Black 5. The 23 factorial design showed that the best conditions for dye degradation were obtained using 1g of material, 100 mg L-1 H2O2 and pH 3. The material showed excellent performance, reducing 97.68% of the chromophore of the dye grouping in 60 minutes of reaction. At pH 7 the discoloration was 72.67%, not observing formation of precipitates. The material was reused in 9 dye treatments, demonstrating an excellent catalytic potential and the amount of leached ferric ions fell below 3 mgL-1.The material was also tested in the degradation of a real effluent, reducing 70, 57% of the total organic carbon in 120 minutes of reaction. This work contributed to the solution of contraband cigarette filters and textile dyes, since the results obtained were effective compared with other materials used in the decolorization of dyes through the photo-Fenton process. / Este trabalho descreve um estudo sobre dois sérios problemas ambientais, filtros de cigarros contrabandeados e corantes provenientes da indústria têxtil. Imobilizou íons férricos em filtros de cigarros contrabandeados, com o objetivo de desenvolver um novo material, para atuar como catalisador na degradação do corante Preto Reativo 5, através do processo oxidativo avançado foto- Fenton. Para caracterização do material utilizou-se técnicas como, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, espectroscopia de refletância difusa na região UV- Vis, microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplado a energia dispersiva e absorção atômica. Verificou-se que o ferro está imobilizado na superfície do material de maneira homogênea e que a estrutura do material não é modificada após ser utilizado em diversos estudos de descoloração do corante Preto Reativo 5. O planejamento fatorial 23 demonstrou que as melhores condições para degradação do corante foram obtidas utilizando 1g do material, 100mg L-1 de H2O2 e pH 3. O material revelou um excelente desempenho, reduzindo 97,68 % do grupamento cromóforo do corante em 60 minutos de reação. Em pH 7 a descoloração foi de 72,67%, não observando formação de precipitados. O material foi reutilizado em 9 tratamentos do corante, demonstrando um excelente potencial catalítico e a quantidade de íons férricos lixiviado ficou abaixo de 3mg L-1. O material também foi testado na degradação de um efluente real, reduzindo 70,57% do carbono orgânico total em 120 minutos de reação. Este trabalho contribuiu para solução dos filtros de cigarros contrabandeados e os corantes têxteis, uma vez que os resultados obtidos mostraram-se eficientes quando comparados com outros materiais utilizados na descoloração de corantes através do processo foto-Fenton.
3

TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS DOMÉSTICOS, TABACO DE CIGARROS CONTRABANDEADOS E RESÍDUOS DE MADEIRA EM BIOREATOR

Zittel, Rosimara 28 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosimara Zittel.pdf: 2197967 bytes, checksum: 998970b2f17497eb039147b02ef5e64c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to investigate domestic organic waste, wood and smuggled cigarette tobacco residue biodegradation in five facultative reactors. In order to monitor the process, physicochemical (pH, temperature, humidity and the C/N ratio), biological (germination test) and spectroscopic (UV-Vis and IR) analyses were carried out. Besides that, the wood waste granulometry influence and the proportions of tobacco waste added were investigated. The best results were obtained for the proportions 10% and 40% (volume) of smuggled cigarette tobacco (SCT) mixed to wood waste chip (WWC) sized 20 and 40mm. The C/N ration analyses and the phytotoxicity tests revealed that the compound reached maturity within a period of 120 days of processing in the 5 reactors. The spectroscopic UV-Vis and IR pointed to the efficiency, indicating the compounds of simpler structures degradation and the formation of more complex groups (humic substances). In the metal analysis, it was observed that the concentrations are in agreement with the maximum permitted by the lows for the solid compound. Thus, it was concluded that the proposal of treating the waste under study through the facultative reactors was efficient. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a biodegradação de resíduos orgânicos domésticos, resíduos de madeira e de tabaco de cigarros contrabandeados em cinco reatores facultativos. Para o monitoramento do processo foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (pH, temperatura, umidade e razão C/N), biológicas (teste de germinação) e espectroscópicas (UV-Vis e IV). Além disso, foi investigada a influência da granulometria dos resíduos de madeira adicionados e das proporções dos resíduos de tabaco adicionados. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para as proporções de 10% e 40% (volume) de tabaco de cigarro contrabandeado (TCC), misturado ao resíduo de madeira (RML), com tamanho de 20 e 40 mm. As análises da razão C/N e os testes de fitotoxicidade mostraram que o composto alcançou sua maturidade em um período de 120 dias de processo nos 5 reatores. As análises espectroscópicas de UV-Vis e IV mostraram a eficiência, indicando a degradação de compostos de estrutura mais simples e a formação de grupos mais complexos (substâncias húmicas). Para a análise de metais, observou-se que as concentrações estão de acordo com as legislações para o composto orgânico. Assim, concluiu-se que a proposta de tratamento dos resíduos estudados por meio dos reatores facultativos foi eficiente.
4

Kenya’s Implementation of the Smuggling Protocol in Response to the Irregular Movement of Migrants from Ethiopia and Somalia

Barasa, Noela N. January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
5

An active system for the detection of special fissile material in small watercraft

Johansen, Norman Alfan, III 30 October 2006 (has links)
Due to increasing terrorist threats and illegal proliferation of nuclear material and technology, there is a need for increased research in the area of detection of smuggled fissile material, some of which is designated by the International Atomic Energy Agency as special fissile material. This thesis focuses on a hypothetical scenario in which a terrorist organization has managed to smuggle an amount of special fissile material onto a personal recreational watercraft and sail it into a marina. If the boat could be forced to go through a detector system, then the contents could be interrogated and a determination made of whether any special fissile material was aboard. This thesis examines the hypothesis that active interrogation may be used successfully in the detection of special fissile material in such an environment. It shows that it is feasible to use an active neutron system to detect a significant quantity of special fissile material onboard a small boat via the differential dieaway technique. The MCNP Monte Carlo transport code was used to simulate the use of a pulsed neutron generator to induce fission in the fissile material and then estimate the detector response. The detector modeled was based on elastic scattering-induced recoil protons using pure hydrogen gas. There was a significant difference between the system with and without the presence of fissile material, and the estimated detector response for the system with fissile material present was shown to be sufficiently greater than the response due to background radiation only. Additionally, dose was estimated and found to be small enough that the system would not likely pose a significant radiological health risk to passengers on the boat.
6

Kenya’s Implementation of the Smuggling Protocol in Response to the Irregular Movement of Migrants from Ethiopia and Somalia

Barasa, Noela N. January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
7

Kenya's implementation of the smuggling protocol in response to the irregular movement of migrants from Ethiopia and Somalia

Barasa, Noela N. January 2012 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa
8

Compostagem de tabaco de cigarro contrabandeado e resíduos sólidos orgânicos em reator facultativo com capacidade de 2000L

Cunha, Karine Marcondes da 24 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-05-23T18:24:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Karine Marcondes da Cunha.pdf: 2703816 bytes, checksum: 0fd02c84ec3249f309d4ac15f15ca275 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T18:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Karine Marcondes da Cunha.pdf: 2703816 bytes, checksum: 0fd02c84ec3249f309d4ac15f15ca275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-24 / Um grande volume de resíduos sólidos orgânicos (RSO) e de tabaco de cigarro contrabandeado tem sido produzido. Geralmente esses resíduos são descartados em aterros sanitários, incinerados ou dispostos diretamente no solo, tornando-se contaminantes ao meio ambiente. A compostagem é um processo viável para tratar esses resíduos, mas no Brasil tem sido pouco utilizada, por necessitar de manejo constante, além de grandes espaços e distantes de residências. Estudos recentes em reatores domésticos facultativos estarão sendo desenvolvidos e se apresentam como uma alternativa viável para compostagem. Possuem a vantagem de poder estar próximos a residências, sem a necessidade de grandes espaços e de manejo. Com o intuito de atender locais com maior produção de RSO, como restaurantes, pequenas indústrias, condomínios, entre outros, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o uso de um reator facultativo com capacidade de 2000 litros para o tratamento de RSO, cepilho e tabaco de cigarros contrabandeados. Para o monitoramento do processo foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (pH, temperatura, umidade e razão C/N), biológicas (teste de germinação e indicativos de patógenos e patógenos) e espectroscópicas (ultra violeta visível - UV-Vis e infra - vermelho IV). Além disso, foi investigada a influência de duas diferentes razões iniciais C/N no processo de compostagem, a razão C/N 28 e 21. As análises da razão iniciais C/N e os testes de fitotoxicidade mostraram que o composto alcançou sua maturidade em um período de 120 dias. Por meio das análises espectroscópicas de UV-Vis e IV constatou-se a eficiência, indicando a degradação de compostos de estrutura mais simples e a formação de compostos humificados. Nas análises microbiológicas e de metais, observou-se que as concentrações estão de acordo com as legislações Ministério da Agricultura e Abastecimento - MAPA (2014) e Diretrizes para qualidade do composto - Canadá CCME (2005) para o composto orgânico. As diferentes razões iniciais C/N avaliadas não mostraram variações significativas na qualidade do composto final. Assim, concluiu-se que a proposta de tratamento dos resíduos estudados por meio dos reatores facultativos de 2000 litros atingiu à qualidade esperada, com formação de composto humificado e sem a presença de contaminantes, demonstrando então eficiência. / A large volume of organic solid waste (RSO) and smuggled cigarette tobacco has been produced. Usually these wastes are discarded in landfills, incinerated or disposed directly in the soil, becoming contaminants to the environment. Composting is a viable process to treat these wastes, but in Brazil it has been little used, because it requires constant management, as well as large spaces and distant from residences. Recent studies in facultative domestic reactors are being developed and presented as a viable alternative to composting. They have the advantage of being close to residences, without the need of large spaces and handling. The objective of this study was to study the use of a facultative reactor with a capacity of 2000 liters for the treatment of RSO, brush and tobacco smuggled cigarettes. The physical-chemical analyzes (pH, temperature, humidity and C / N ratio), biological (germination test and pathogen and pathogen indicative) and spectroscopic analyzes (ultraviolet visible - UV-Vis and infra-red IV). In addition, the influence of two different initial C / N ratios in the composting process, the C / N ratio 28 and 21, was investigated. Initial C / N ratio analyzes and phytotoxicity tests showed that the compound reached maturity in period of 120 days. By means of spectroscopic analyzes of UV-Vis and IV the efficiency was verified, indicating the degradation of compounds of simpler structure and the formation of humified compounds. In the microbiological and metal analyzes, it was observed that the concentrations are in accordance with the legislation for the organic compound. The different initial C / N ratios evaluated did not show significant variations in the quality of the final compound. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed treatment of the residues studied by means of the optional 2000 liter reactors reached the expected quality, with the formation of a humidified compound and without the presence of contaminants, thus demonstrating efficiency.
9

Desenvolvimento de um tratamento contínuo de efluente têxtil utilizando filtros de cigarros modificados com íons férricos

Galvão, Davi Simão 27 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-06-25T17:48:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Davi Simao Galvao.pdf: 1029030 bytes, checksum: 99c884860ac3a4a739e68c8582f89c21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T17:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Davi Simao Galvao.pdf: 1029030 bytes, checksum: 99c884860ac3a4a739e68c8582f89c21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Com o aumento da população nas últimas décadas, consequentemente aumenta o número de indústrias para suprir as necessidades básicas da população. Dentre essas empresas, a indústria que ganha destaque na região do Paraná é o setor têxtil, onde ocupa o 2º maior pólo confeccionista do Brasil. O grande problema desse setor é que durante o beneficiamento dos tecidos 10-15% dos corantes são lixiviados ao meio ambiente, acarretando sérios danos ao próprio meio ambiente. Desta forma, buscam-se métodos mais eficientes para degradação desta matéria orgânica poluidora, dentre os métodos alternativos que têm sido estudados o Processo Avançado Oxidativo (PAO) é baseado na geração do radical hidroxila (HO•), que é um forte agente oxidante levando a oxidação da matéria orgânica. Esse processo ainda pode ser dividido em vários tipos, como processos com e sem radiação, homogêneos e heterogêneos. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a degradação de um efluente têxtil real utilizando o processo “tipo-Fenton”, onde utiliza-se os filtros de cigarros como material suporte para a imobilização de íons férricos. Para monitorar a degradação foi utilizado técnicas analíticas como Carbono Orgânico Total (COT), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO),Turbidez, Cor, detecção de Ferro Total, e a detecção de peróxido de hidrogênio. Os resultados mostraram que no reator contínuo o COT foi reduzido em 78,62%, a DQO em 64%, a turbidez 65,5%, enquanto que a cor 42% em 90 minutos de reação. A lixiviação de ferro total foi de 0, 072 mg L-1 e o peróxido residual foi 29 mg L-1. Isso mostra a eficiência desse método para tratamento de efluentes têxteis. / With the increase of the population in the last decades, consequently the number of industries increases to satisfy the basic necessities of the population. Among these companies, the industry that stands out in the region of Paraná is the textile sector, where it occupies the second largest confectionary pole in Brazil. The biggest problem of this sector is that during the processing of the tissues 10-15% of the dyes are leached to the environment, causing serious damages to the own environment. The Oxidative Advanced Process (PAO) is based on the generation of the hydroxyl radical (HO•), which is a strong oxidizing agent leading to the oxidation of organic problem. This process can still be divided into several types, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous processes with and without radiation. Thus the objective of this work was to study the degradation of a real textile effluent using the "Fenton-like" process, where the cigarette filters are used as support material for the immobilization of ferric ions. To monitor the degradation, analytical techniques such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity, Color, Total Iron Detection and the detection of hydrogen peroxide.The results showed that in the continuous reactor the TOC was reduced by 78.62%, the COD by 64%, the turbidity 65.5%, while the color 42% by 90 minutes of reaction. Total iron leaching was 0.072 mg L-1 and the residual peroxide was 29 mg L-1. This shows us the efficiency of this method for treatment of textile effluents.

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