Akademisk avhandling--Litteraturvetenskap--Uppsala, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 160-194. Index.

The period 1991-2022 has great similarities with the period 1919-1939 as both periods are characterised by a gradual deterioration of international organisations and end with a systemic war. Why then have Sweden and Finland applied for NATO membership in the contemporary period when they remained military non-aligned in the previous period?This study develops Walt’s balance of threat theory, by operationalising Snyder’s cost-benefit analysis as intervening variables in a most different system design. This study concludes that in the first period, military non-alignment can be explained by the future costs of joining an alliance were higher than the benefits due to great power tensions. Meanwhile, in the contemporary period, the NATO application is a consequence of a rapid change in perceived threat which shifts the military balance at the same time as the negative consequences of the alliance is low. / <p>Jag vill tacka min handeledare Docent Jacob Westberg för ett gott stöd under Mastersarbetet. Jag vill också tacka Anna Lindh Bibiloteket för all hjälp med litteratur. Slutligen vill jag rikta ett särskilt tack till Sofia Lindgren på riksdagsbiblioteket som gav mig verktyg och förståelse för hur de politiska dokumenten hänger ihop, vilket har varit avgörande för hanteringen av empirin.</p>

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Lai Mei Fung. / "June 2012." / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter I. --- Problem Statement and Research Question --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Statement of Purpose --- p.3 / Chapter III. --- Methodology and Delimitation --- p.4 / Chapter IV. --- "Definition of the Term: Hope, Pastoral Care and Positive Psychology" --- p.4 / Chapter V. --- Significance of this Study --- p.8 / Chapter VI. --- Overview: Structure of this Thesis --- p.8 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10 / Chapter I. --- Historical Development of Hope Construct: No Consensus on Hope --- p.10 / Chapter II. --- Theological Approach: Pastoral Literature of Hope --- p.15 / Chapter III. --- Psychological Approach: Positive Psychology of Hope --- p.17 / Chapter IV. --- Literature About the Interdisciplinary Discussion on the Topic of Hope … --- p.19 / Chapter V. --- Summary --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- THEORETICAL FOUNDATION --- p.21 / Chapter I. --- Why are Charles Rick Snyder and Andrew D. Lester chosen? --- p.21 / Chapter II. --- Psychological Perspective: Snyder's Hope Theory in Positive Psychology --- p.23 / What is Hope? Looking Hope Through a Psychological Lens --- p.23 / "Context: Making Excuses, Cognitive Influence and Fritz Heider" --- p.24 / "Content: Goal, Pathway and Agency" --- p.26 / Chapter III. --- Theological Perspective: Lester's Notion of Hope in Pastoral Care --- p.29 / What is Hope? Looking Hope Through a Theological Lens --- p.29 / Context: Experience of Struggling and Existential Influence --- p.29 / Content: Future and Transfinite Hope --- p.32 / Chapter IV. --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE --- p.36 / Chapter I. --- Common Ground: Hope is a Virtue --- p.36 / Positive Psychology: Hope is a Virtue for Human Flourishing --- p.37 / Pastoral Care: Hope as a Theological Virtue --- p.39 / Chapter II. --- Tension in the Practical Life Context: Daily Life and End-of-Life Context --- p.41 / Hope in Daily Life: Empirical Research and Operative Measurement --- p.41 / Hope in the End-of-life Context: Cognitive vs Existential Approach --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- "FINDING, SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION" --- p.51 / Chapter I. --- Finding and Discussion --- p.51 / "Whether: Yes, Positive Psychology Contributes Hope-nurturing" --- p.51 / How: Pastoral Theology Should Maintain its Indispensable Role --- p.52 / Chapter II. --- Limitation and Suggestion for Further Research --- p.55 / Chapter III. --- Conclusion --- p.56 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.58

This thesis presents a review of educational-escape-room literature followed by a design-oriented framework (the Snyder Escape Room Framework or SERF) and demonstrates the potential efficacy of escape-rooms in cybersecurity education. Several authors have proposed frameworks and guidelines for game and educational design regarding escape rooms. This work coalesces some of those ideas into a more substantial and comprehensive framework (SERF) that designers can use when developing educational escape rooms. The Snyder Escape Room Framework provides heuristics for goals and objectives, players, activities, context, trajectory design, and evaluation. Additionally, this work describes and analyzes the novel prototyped BYU GCC escape room experience and delves into some of what was successful and what could be improved. The first sessions of the experience were observed and documented, and an expert review was performed. Participants did not gain much confidence in learning new technology; however, they did increase their confidence in using new technology through the experience. Participants did indeed learn from the experience, however, participants focused more on team-related concepts gained from the experience rather than the cybersecurity concepts introduced through the escape-room activities. Based on overwhelming positive responses, participants seemed to enjoy performing the experience. The BYU experience is evaluated against the Snyder Framework as an example of how to use the framework while designing or as a tool for evaluating. Using this framework systemizes and catalogues design choices and implications on the room and provides an informed approach for refinement. Applying the Snyder Escape Room Framework to the BYU experience provides further insight beyond just an expert review, and the BYU experience is a novel example to use with SERF. SERF gives a vocabulary and set of heuristics that help designers zero in on important design decisions. Using the framework provides a well-defined set of attributes for discussing the BYU experience and helps clarify what went well with the room and what could be improved upon. This is especially helpful when iterating on room design. The nature of Snyder Framework and this work is that it is multidisciplinary and touches a wide array of related fields and topics. Of note, are the implications of this work on educational games. The SERF can be used as a resource when designing similar experiences while the analysis of the BYU experience based on the SERF provides an example of how the framework can be used for evaluation and iteration.

Following the example of Gary Snyder's "Axe Handles," I introduce my poetics and poems in the preface. Other influences, including Lucille Clifton, John Ashbery, and Anne Carson, are also explored. The original poetry that follows the preface attempts to enact the language of philosophical exploration, relationships, memory, conversation, and meditation while paying close attention to the musicality of everyday speech and avoiding clear and specific conclusions.

Recent conflicts in America concerning the environment (the harvesting of old growth timber in the Pacific Northwest, or the proposed opening of public lands in southern Utah to mining interests, for instance) have precipitated a personal examination of "historical others" (Jensen 64), individuals that possess very different sensibilities from a larger capitalist culture. Two such writers, Henry Thoreau and Gary Snyder, use the wilderness to enact alternative patterns of living that are designed to change cultures that have lost touch with the land, and have spiraled into a future where nature is a mere afterthought. In response to the growth of his society, Thoreau built a cabin at Walden pond as an experiment to determine if life could be lived simply and morally. His activities were an effort to "wake up" his "neighbors" who were just beginning to explore capitalism. "Moral reform," Thoreau believed, "is the effort to throw off sleep" (WAL 61). Thoreau's criticism of capitalism, agricultural reform, and slavery were generated to help his culture understand what it is to live morally, and "awake." Gary Snyder is the voice of Thoreau in the late 20th century, and his work addresses a world fully enveloped in capitalism. The exploitation of wild creatures and places by world governments and multi-national corporations is the problem of the modern age for Snyder, and place-based living is a way of dissenting from a consumption-oriented culture. Reform begins with the individual living close to the land, but also involves people living in communities and creating patterns of living that are ecologically stable. This paper is, in an immediate sense, a comparison of two "American" non-conformists, but it is also a response to cultural and environmental crises that both writers faced. Chapter I of this study introduces Thoreau and Snyder and establishes the parameters of this paper. Chapter II discusses Thoreau's views on capitalism, agricultural reform, and environmental degradation. Chapter III highlights Snyder's interest in place-based living and bioregionalism. Chapter VI brings Thoreau and Snyder together in a discussion of political and social reform. The final chapter of this study reflects how Thoreau and Snyder mesh as ecological philosophers. / Graduation date: 1997

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Susan Goodman, Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation joins the history of science and medicine with environmental history to explore the language of health in environmental politics. Today, in government policy briefs and mission statements of environmental non-profits, newspaper editorials and activist journals, claims about the health of the planet and its human and non-human inhabitants abound. Yet despite this rhetorical ubiquity, modern environmental politics are ideologically and organizationally fractured along the themes of whose health is at stake and how that health should be protected. This dissertation traces how these competing conceptions of health came to structure the landscape of American environmental politics. Beginning in the early 1950s, an expanding network of environmental activists began to think in terms of protecting the health of the planet and its inhabitants from the unprecedented hazards of nuclear energy and chemical proliferation. They did this by appropriating models and metaphors of health developed by postwar ecologists, philosophers, epidemiologists and nuclear physicians. Through this process of appropriation, scientists and philosophers were likewise drawn into environmental activism. Through five case studies, this dissertation traces the collaborations between scientists, environmental activists, philosophers, and medical doctors which enabled a broad range of articulations of health: the health of the wild, the health of the environment, the health of the planet, and the health of humans within the environment. Each case study attends to the intersection of political thought and practice, and explores how science and environmental activism were in constant dialogue in the postwar period. Drawing on archival materials and extensive oral history interviews, this dissertation demonstrates the centrality of health to American environmental politics from the end of World War Two until the present day. / History of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 356-371). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9947971.