Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Bonn.

The Swedish armed forces deterrent strategy today has a lot of similarities with the deterrent strategy applied by Sweden’s armed forces during the cold war era. However the resources, which constitutes the foundation on which the deterrent threats are based, differ a lot and have decreased severely since the 1960s.   This paper compares the deterrence strategy applied by the Swedish armed forces from the 60s with the one today and examines similarities and differences in order to put a military perspective on Swedish deterrence strategies and shine a light on problems regarding the Swedish deterrence strategy and its limited resources.   The result shows a lot of similarities within the deterrent threat issued by Sweden from the two eras and concludes that the biggest difference lies within the change towards a more collective actor deterrence. Which in turn constitutes a problem because it implicitly undermines Sweden’s military capability and doesn’t guarantee any kind of military support from another state, if attacked, what so ever.

Gary Snyder has offered, in poems and essays, ways to acknowledge the interrelationships of humans with the more-than-human. He questions common notions of selfness as well as understandings of what it is to be human in relationship to other species and ecosystems, and he offers new paradigms for the relationship between cultures and the ecosystems in which these cultures reside. These new paradigms are rooted in a reevaluation of our attitudes toward our physical bodies which impacts our relationship to the earth and raises new possibilities for an ecological spirituality or philosophy. The sum of Snyder's endeavors is a foundation for an understanding of ecopoetics. Snyder's poem "The Trail is Not a Trail" is an interesting place to begin examining how human perceptions of the self are central to the kinds of relationships that humans believe are possible between our species and everything else. In this poem there is a curious fusion of the speaker and the trail. In fact, with each successive line they become increasingly difficult to separate. The physical self is central to Snyder's poetry because his is a poetry of the self physically rooted in ever-shifting relationship with the biosphere. The relationship of the self to the biosphere in Snyder's poetry also points toward a spiritual experience that can be called ecomysticism, by which I mean the space where new ecological paradigms and mystical understandings of the world overlap. Ecomysticism goes beyond mysticisms that describe a spiritual being longing for supernatural experience while being "unfortunately" trapped in a physical body. Ecomysticism emphasizes the spiritual and physical interrelatedness or interconnectedness of all matter, the human and the more-than-human. The integration of the spiritual and physical aspects of the self is only possible through an awareness of the interrelatedness of the self and the non-human. New paradigms for the self are thus central to ecopoetics, a poetics that seeks to heal the rift between humans and the biosphere.

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Esta investigación se ha formulado para analizar los cambios y continuidades del gore en éste siglo en comparación con el gore del siglo XX desde la perspectiva estética, es decir desde la dirección de arte con el apoyo de la dirección de fotografía. Se plantea como objetivo general el analizar comparativamente la estética de la película Zombi de George Romero (1978) con su remake, El amanecer de los muertos de Zack Snyder (2004), para identificar los cambios y continuidades en términos de transgresión o exacerbación de los sentidos y verificar si el remake mantiene la propuesta inicial del autor o se ha reorientado para hacerlo comercial. Se parte de la hipótesis de que el cine gore del siglo XXI ha cambiado sus características estéticas para hacerlo más atractivo a la audiencia y por ende más comercial, a diferencia del cine de explotación que solía ser. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con una metodología basada en el diseño descriptivo, no experimental. Se utilizaron como herramientas de medición guías de observación que incluyeron variables seleccionadas como necesarias para analizar la estética de las películas seleccionadas. Se analizaron diversas películas gore pertenecientes al siglo XX y de la primera década del presente siglo con la finalidad de definir las características del gore auténtico y el gore de la actualidad tanto comercial como independiente y así contar con criterios objetivos para comparar estas características con las de las unidades de observación propuestas. Los resultados demuestran que los elementos gore auténticos como la violencia, la abundancia de sangre, las mutilaciones grotescas mostradas en detalle con movimientos de cámara lentos y en primer plano se observan claramente en la película Zombi de Romero, mientras que los mismos elementos no parecen ser primordiales en El amanecer de los muertos, y lo que se destaca más es la acción, los movimientos de cámara rápidos, no se detiene en los detalles y se priorizan la actuación de los actores; utilizan mejor tecnología pero no se muestra la crudeza, ni lo grotesco del gore clásico, por lo que se concluye que, en este caso, los elementos gore en la actualidad se han reorientado para mostrarlos menos grotescos como suelen mostrarse en las películas comerciales. / Tesis

Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is an X-linked neurodegenerative disorder affecting males. The disease appears early in childhood with symptoms like bone abnormalities, reduced muscle mass, and mobility issues. It results from disrupted polyamine biosynthesis, which is due to a mutation in spermine synthase (Sms). This causes an abnormally elevated Spermidine: Spermine ratios. There is no approved SRS treatment, rather only management of symptoms. A genetic mouse model for the SmsG56S mutation found in some SRS patients was characterized, and a novel spermine Prodrug treatment was tested. The hypothesis is that male SmsG56S mutant mice exhibit polyamine dysregulation and SRS traits, while Prodrug intervention may rebalance abnormal ratios and facilitate a normalized phenotype. Mice were phenotyped in pure C57BL/6J, mixed C3H, and backcrossed C57BL/6J x C3H backgrounds. Lethality of the mutation, especially in C57BL/6J mice, was an obstacle. Viable mutant mice exhibited reduced body weight, typically smaller size, and lower bone densities compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Prodrug treatment was performed using different dosing strategies and in all backgrounds. Upon histological examination, testes and bone exhibited subtle defects in affected mutant male mice, while no detectable differences were found in skeletal muscle, liver, or kidney compared to wild-type mice. Acute prodrug treatment using oral gavage 5 times per week over 2 weeks was found to rebalance the Spermidine: Spermine ratio. Repeated efforts to dose Prodrug over a longer 6-8 week duration in mice required lower intraperitoneal doses but outcomes may have been moderated by the mice background. Overall, the SmsG56S phenotype in the testes and bone are consistent with other mutant Sms models, although C57BL/6J mice seemed to be more sensitive to the SmsG56S mutation. Further testing of Prodrug is needed, including in younger mice and for a longer duration of treatment, to evaluate Prodrug effectiveness in improving traits in SmsG56S mice.

The purpose of this paper is to study the adaptation process of the TV-show Game of Thrones. This paper focuses mainly on how David Benioff and D.B. Weiss and HBO adapted the TV-show from George R.R. Martins book series A Song of Ice and Fire and what, in the adaptation and in the reception of the TV-show, made it such a global cultural phenomenon. The analysis has been done by analysing interviews and studying behind-the-scenes material that has been available through articles and bonus material provided by the web and on the DVD and Blu-Ray features of the show. Mary H. Snyders Analyzing Literature-to-Film Adaptations provides a ground tool of analysing adaptations where particularly her “A Marriage of Media” theory has significantly helped the study. The paper analyses fantasy as a genre, the book series that the TV-show is based on, and the adaptation process itself and the different components that make up for the TV-show called Game of Thrones. After the adaptation analysis there is a study on how the internet has helped distributing both the show’s popularity and the show itself through the use of illegal downloading. The result is that the adaption is a successful “Marriage between media”, to use Snyders words, where the internet can be seen as product of that metaphorical marriage. The confidence and trust that both the author of the books and the show runners of the TV-series has placed in each other is the binding fundament that made the adaption as successful as it is. HBO as a cable network company also play a significant part where the financial support to the show’s production and the non-existent censorship regarding the adult content otherwise wouldn’t have been provided for, had the show been produced and/or aired by any other network company for example. The previous successes of other fantasy adaptations such as The Lord of the Rings and the Harry Potter-series could also be seen as necessary initiators regarding the industry’s newfound openness towards large scale fantasy projects.

When Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in 1982, it was the beginning of a two month long war. The aim of this essay is to find alternative explanations to the Falklands war with the main question being whether there were hidden motives for Thatcher and her reactions in 1982.   The essay will focus on the period 1965-1982 in which different texts will be analyzed by applying theories. The diversionary war theory describes how state leaders can improve their political popularity by intentionally escalating a conflict. The geopolitical theory explains how a state, by investments, constructions and military, can create demographic and international perceptions regarding a territory while foreign political theory describes how decision making is affected by the bureaucracy, psychology and the international system.   The ministry of defense and the navy was heavily affected by the financial cuts during the conflict and may also have affected the manner in which they advised Thatcher in 1982. Because of the British unwillingness to invest geopolitically in the Falklands and their aggravation of the diplomatically efforts to find a peaceful solution, the conflict got worse. In addition, Thatchers intentions to implement economic reforms and her record low political popularity make it plausible to suspect her for having, intentionally, escalated the conflict to gain political popularity and to enable the economic reforms.

Book Summary: Thoroughly updated and featuring 75 new entries, this monumental four-volume work illuminates past and present events associated with civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. This revised and expanded four-volume encyclopedia is unequaled for both the depth and breadth of its coverage. Some 650 entries address the full range of civil rights and liberties in America from the Colonial Era to the present. In addition to many updates of material from the first edition, the work offers 75 new entries about recent issues and events; among them, dozens of topics that are the subject of close scrutiny and heated debate in America today. There is coverage of controversial issues such as voter ID laws, the use of drones, transgender issues, immigration, human rights, and government surveillance. There is also expanded coverage of women's rights, gay rights/gay marriage, and Native American rights. Entries are enhanced by 42 primary documents that have shaped modern understanding of the extent and limitations of civil liberties in the United States, including landmark statutes, speeches, essays, court decisions, and founding documents of influential civil rights organizations. Designed as an up-to-date reference for students, scholars, and others interested in the expansive array of topics covered, the work will broaden readers' understanding of―and appreciation for―the people and events that secured civil rights guarantees and concepts in this country. At the same time, it will help readers better grasp the reasoning behind and ramifications of 21st-century developments like changing applications of Miranda Rights and government access to private Internet data. Maintaining an impartial stance throughout, the entries objectively explain the varied perspectives on these hot-button issues, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions.

Esta investigación se ha formulado para analizar los cambios y continuidades del gore en éste siglo en comparación con el gore del siglo XX desde la perspectiva estética, es decir desde la dirección de arte con el apoyo de la dirección de fotografía. Se plantea como objetivo general el analizar comparativamente la estética de la película Zombi de George Romero (1978) con su remake, El amanecer de los muertos de Zack Snyder (2004), para identificar los cambios y continuidades en términos de transgresión o exacerbación de los sentidos y verificar si el remake mantiene la propuesta inicial del autor o se ha reorientado para hacerlo comercial. Se parte de la hipótesis de que el cine gore del siglo XXI ha cambiado sus características estéticas para hacerlo más atractivo a la audiencia y por ende más comercial, a diferencia del cine de explotación que solía ser. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con una metodología basada en el diseño descriptivo, no experimental. Se utilizaron como herramientas de medición guías de observación que incluyeron variables seleccionadas como necesarias para analizar la estética de las películas seleccionadas. Se analizaron diversas películas gore pertenecientes al siglo XX y de la primera década del presente siglo con la finalidad de definir las características del gore auténtico y el gore de la actualidad tanto comercial como independiente y así contar con criterios objetivos para comparar estas características con las de las unidades de observación propuestas. Los resultados demuestran que los elementos gore auténticos como la violencia, la abundancia de sangre, las mutilaciones grotescas mostradas en detalle con movimientos de cámara lentos y en primer plano se observan claramente en la película Zombi de Romero, mientras que los mismos elementos no parecen ser primordiales en El amanecer de los muertos, y lo que se destaca más es la acción, los movimientos de cámara rápidos, no se detiene en los detalles y se priorizan la actuación de los actores; utilizan mejor tecnología pero no se muestra la crudeza, ni lo grotesco del gore clásico, por lo que se concluye que, en este caso, los elementos gore en la actualidad se han reorientado para mostrarlos menos grotescos como suelen mostrarse en las películas comerciales.