Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of English, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-121).

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I uppsatsen analyseras Jack Kerouacs roman På väg utifrån fem grundteman; Att vara på väg; om resandets funktioner, Avvikelse från samhället, Idolisering och inflytande, Genus och kvinnosyn och Etnicitet. Analysen följs sedan av ett förslag på hur man i klassrummet kan behandla dessa delar av Kerouacs roman. Utöver detta innehåller uppsatsen ett avsnitt där litteraturens roll och funktion i skolan behandlas  och ett avsnitt som behandlar vikten av en dynamisk litteraturundervisning.

"Jack Kerouac Does Not Lie" recounts my pilgrimage in the summer of 2000, from southwest Florida to a canyon beach in California where Jack Kerouac—as I had read in his Big Sur—lost his mind forty years earlier. I was heavily influenced. Kerouac’s On the Road showed me what to do with myself. Big Sur showed me where to go. In the twentieth century Americans shifted their notions of the west coast from a means for sustenance to a symbol of post-war freedom. Kerouac seems to embody this momentum; the world and the burning spirit his work describes is a precursor to the sixties. His muse, Neal Cassady, is the common link—appearing as Dean Moriarty in Kerouac’s first major work and later as himself in Wolfe’s The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. My parents were a part of this westward yearning’s last true surge in the early seventies, when they ventured cross-country and stayed out there for a time. They’d caught the tail end of the wave, and told me a bit about it. I was full of stories, mostly fiction. Sweating in my twenty year old conversion van with a big friend, Ben—whose goals were less "literary"—I sought to recreate the legends I had read, the movies I had seen, and the tales my parents had told me. I was on a mission; I wanted my trip to measure up. Ben was on vacation. Our folly is chronicled within; three weeks and four thousand miles of it.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Departamento de Letras, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2014-10-09T18:55:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_ContraculturaContramemóriaSubterrâneos.pdf: 1997006 bytes, checksum: 1537466225a27e713a232e9703aae537 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2014-11-18T14:34:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_ContraculturaContramemóriaSubterrâneos.pdf: 1997006 bytes, checksum: 1537466225a27e713a232e9703aae537 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T14:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_ContraculturaContramemóriaSubterrâneos.pdf: 1997006 bytes, checksum: 1537466225a27e713a232e9703aae537 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Este trabalho pretende analisar a obra literária Os subterrâneos, do autor norte-americano Jack Kerouac, tendo como base os termos contramemória e contracultura. A expressão contramemória foi cunhada por Aleida Assmann (2011), que observa a forma como a literatura constrói uma memória formada a partir de descartes dos arquivos da cultura oficial. Estes descartes nos remetem ao bebop, estilo de jazz muito presente na obra analisada e famoso por sua agilidade que destoa do jazz comercial. A corrente bebop, por muito tempo, foi apreciada por um público muito específico, criando assim uma forma de contracultura. O termo contracultura – cunhado por Theodore Roszak (1972) e, posteriormente, apropriado por diversas manifestações culturais – define culturas que vivem às margens da sociedade e que se opõem à cultura dominante, tida como opressora. O romance Os subterrâneos, publicado pela primeira vez em 1958, trata do envolvimento do narrador Leo Percepeid – codinome de Jack Kerouac – e Mardou Fox, integrante genuina da cultura do bebop jazz, marginalizada e de origens afro-americana. Em meio ao cenário boêmio de North Beach em São Francisco, Percepeid permeia uma cultura que lhe é estranha, visto que este é integrante da classe media branca norte-americana. As diferenças sociais e culturais do casal criam uma constante tensão, relacionada à marginalização vivida por Mardou Fox e a cultura a qual ela faz parte. Este trabalho também busca resgatar parte da herança literária de Jack Kerouac para observar a forma como o cânone se mistura à contracultura presente em seu romance. Acredita-se que essa mistura entre alta cultura e marginalização busque legitimar a contracultura, expandindo o cânone literário e inserindo-a no arquivo da contramemória. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the literary work The Subterraneans, by the North American writer Jack Kerouac, basing on the terms countermemory and counterculture. The expression countermemory was coined by Aleida Assmann (2011), who observes how literature builds a memory containing discharges from the official culture archives. These discharges refer to bebop, a jazz style known by its agility that differs from commercial jazz and that was, for a long period, appreciated by a restrained public, so that created a counterculture form. The term counterculture – coined by Theodore Roszak (1972) and, later, suited to many culture expressions – defines cultures that exist at the margins of society and that are against the dominant culture, seen as oppressive. The novel The Subterraneans was published for the first time in 1958 and deals with the entanglement of the narrator Leo Percepeid – Jack Kerouac’s alias – and Mardou Fox, a genuine member of bebop jazz culture, marginalized and Afro-American rooted. Surrounded by the bohemian scenario of North Beach, San Francisco, Percepeid introduces himself in a culture that is strange to him, as he belongs to a North American white middle class. The couple’s social and cultural differences create a constant tension, related to Mardou Fox’s culture and marginalized lifestyle. This work also seeks to explore part of the literary heritage in Jack Kerouac and observe the way that the literary canon meddles to the counterculture. It is considered that the mixing of high and marginalized cultures aims to legitimate the counterculture, as it expands the literary canon and insert it in the countermemory archive.

Les romans à la première personne qui composent la Légende de Duluoz, le cycle autobiographique de Jack Kerouac (1922-1969), sont souvent étudiés à l’aune de la vie privée de l’auteur ou de la mythologie qui entoure les écrivains de la Beat Generation. À la lumière de l’approche performative du genre autobiographique et du genre masculin ainsi que des recherches historiographiques récentes sur la masculinité et la sexualité masculine durant la période de la Guerre froide, cette thèse se propose de déconstruire l’éthos de spontanéité confessionnelle et de virilité héroïque qui entoure l’écriture de Kerouac. Le récit de soi n’est pas chez lui un reflet fidèle du « je » ou un compte-rendu factuel de la vie de son auteur, mais une mise en scène publique de l’identité auctoriale masculine, un théâtre de l’identité en mots et en actes. Ce jeu de masques participe d’une stratégie narrative qui vise à construire une vision idéale de soi en tant qu’homme et en tant qu’écrivain et doit être lu dans le cadre de son projet de revitalisation d’une littérature et d’un homme menacés de déclin à ses yeux. En même temps, les travestissements de sa persona d’auteur témoignent de l’emprise du soupçon d’homosexualité sur la production littéraire des années 1950 et donnent à voir le malaise qui mine cette mascarade du masculin qui menace toujours d’exposer les larmes, les silences et les contradictions qu’elle cherche pourtant à masquer à tout prix. / The first-person novels which make up the Duluoz Legend, the autobiographical cycle written by Jack Kerouac (1922-1969), are often analyzed in the light of what is known of their author’s private life or of the mythology that surrounds Beat Generation writers. Informed by performative approaches to the genre of autobiography and to the masculine gender as well as by recent historiographical research on masculinity and masculine sexuality during the Cold War period, this thesis seeks to deconstruct the ethos of confessional spontaneity and of heroic manliness that surrounds Kerouac’s writings. His narrative of the self are not faithful reflections of the “I” or factual accounts of the author’s own life, but a public staging of male authorial identity, a theatre of identity in words and actions. This playful masquerade sustains a narrative strategy that aims at constructing an ideal vision of oneself as a man and as a writer and shall be read in the perspective of his wish to revitalize American literature and masculinity which he feared to be in decline. Yet, these acts of cross-dressing of the authorial persona also testify to the powerful sway of anti-homosexual paranoia over the 1950s literary output and show the trouble that undermines this performance of masculinity which constantly threatens to reveal the tears, the silences and the contradictions that it tries so hard to mask.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-14T18:59:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samir_Carvalho2017.pdf: 1168334 bytes, checksum: c557cbab9c0e473faea9ae923a224291 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-14T18:59:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samir_Carvalho2017.pdf: 1168334 bytes, checksum: c557cbab9c0e473faea9ae923a224291 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / The objective of this work is to analyze the aesthetic ideals of two writers of the Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. With such an objective in mind, their two main works, On the Road and Howl, respectively, were studied comparatively. Through this study, we tried to delineate the interpretation that each author gives to these ideals they share, showing the divergences of understanding and materialization of such ideals in these two works. Besides, there is a historical trajectory. Firstly, building a strong base for the work, we analyze the historical period in America during the moment of formation of the generation. The historical focus then shifts to the private lives of each author, their cultural and linguistic influences, their intellectual itineraries. From that knowledge, it is also possible to understand the process of formation of the ideals themselves, central theme of this dissertation. We also tried to show how the next generations got hold of the ideals studied here, how the readers interpreted those artistic works in an individual way. From that, the authors’ reaction to this reinterpretation is reflected upon. In other words, this work is a deep survey of the aesthetic ideals of two artists, their formation and perpetuation. The main documents and texts used in the development of the analysis described above were: private journals to trace in time the transition of thoughts on their own artistic practices, letters exchanged between the two artists to demonstrate how their thoughts communicated and diverged in certain aspects, articles from newspapers and magazines to show the reception they had at the time and what others thought of the texts we studied, and biographies to base the text with history fundamentals. / O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de fazer uma análise dos ideais estéticos de dois autores da Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac e Allen Ginsberg. Para tal, empreendeu-se um estudo comparativo das principais obras de cada autor, a saber, On the Road (1957) e “Howl” (1956), respectivamente. Através de tal estudo, pretende-se delinear a interpretação que cada autor dá aos ideais que os dois compartilham, demonstrar as divergências de compreensão e a efetivação dos ideais nessas duas obras. Além do mais, uma trajetória histórica é traçada em alguns sentidos. Primeiramente, com o objetivo de oferecer base para o trabalho, mostra-se o momento histórico vivido nos Estados Unidos durante o período de formação da geração da qual fazer parte os autores. Também é foco de análise histórica a vida particular de cada autor, suas influências culturais e linguísticas, sua trajetória intelectual. A partir de tal conhecimento, é possível compreender também o processo de formação dos ideais estéticos, tema central dessa dissertação. Também se busca demonstrar a apropriação dos ideais estudados pela geração seguinte à dos escritores analisados: a geração leitora que interpretou as obras de maneira particular. A partir disso deseja-se investigar a reação de cada um dos autores para tal reinterpretação. Em outras palavras, trata-se de uma sondagem profunda dos ideais estéticos de dois artistas, sua formação e sua perpetuação. Os principais documentos e textos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da análise acima descrita foram: diários particulares para delinear no tempo as nuances de pensamento sobre suas próprias práticas artísticas, correspondências trocadas entre os autores para demonstrar como os pensamentos dos dois dialogavam e confrontavam um com o outro, artigos de jornais e revistas da época para desvelar a recepção que os autores tiveram e elucubrações diversas sobre os textos estudados, além de biografias para embasar os demais estudos com fundamentação histórica.

Thirty thousand feet above the Pacific Ocean—somewhere between Sydney and Los Angeles—the narrator of “the lonely and the road” doesn’t really know where he is going, or why. His is a quest written spontaneously—‘on-the-go.’ It is a journey of uncertain motivation, of uncertain means, towards uncertain ends. From Los Angeles, to Vegas, to the Rocky Mountain states and beyond, the narrator travels with and learns from his friends, his family and even his ex-girlfriend as he searches for that which continues to elude him. But what is that exactly? Does it even exist? While the novel details a journey, the exegesis is a phenomenological account of the intersecting of my road with that taken by Jack Kerouac. It explores my experiences with the life and work of Kerouac—the creator of spontaneous prose—in relation to the development of my writing, up to and including this novel. In doing so, the exegesis is itself a quest that seeks to understand more fully the essence of Kerouac’s and my own representation of the quest motif in content and in form. Both the exegesis and the novel, then, constitute part of the search for my own artistic road, and aim to assist others in search of theirs.

This report argues that through his lived experiences of growing up in his hometown of Lowell, MA, and the joys and traumas he accrued from early childhood and into early adulthood, Jack Kerouac began to rewrite, reimagine, and reconstruction Lowell in several different works and iterations to attempt to address and exorcise the ghosts of his past. For my argument, I study several of Kerouac’s works: Visions of Gerard (1963), Doctor Sax: Faust Part Three (1959), Visions of Cody (1972), and Book of Dreams (1960). Pulling from the fields of Beat studies, literary criticism, childhood studies, psychology, geocriticism, and American cultural history, I attempt to highlight the translation and transformation of Lowell in Kerouac’s texts into a psycho-literary space. / text

This essay focuses on gender roles, individualism and collectivism in Jack Kerouac’s classic road-trip novel On the Road. In order to put the discussion into a meaningful context, I look at the novel from a historical perspective and examine how it relates to post-war American society. I argue that the novel is, in many ways, representative of a society existing in a field of tension between individualism and collectivism, and that its notion of individual freedom, at the time revolutionary, can be seen as retrogressive with regard to the book’s portrayal and treatment of women. The essay features a discussion of what kind of individual freedom is presented in On the Road and how this freedom relates to typical American individualism as well as American post-war societal norms, the norm of the nuclear family in particular. This is followed by a brief analysis of how the novel influenced future generations, specifically in terms of sexual liberation. This analysis introduces a discussion of the way in which women are portrayed in the book and how this portrayal both represents collective progress in post- war America—women are often described as financially independent—and a phallocentric type of individualism. I then show that this individualism is connected to an unthinking optimism which, I argue, is one of the key causes of the retrogressive view of women exemplified by the book. My study ultimately demonstrates that the novel’s notion of individualism—an individualism which was highly influential for future generations and is usually viewed as progressive—can arguably be seen as retrogressive in terms of Kerouac's representation of gender roles.