Thesis (Ed. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-184). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-64). Also available via Humboldt Digital Scholar.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2006. / Thesis advisor: Kimberly Tower. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Physical Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-36). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Football is the most popular sport and played by more players worldwide than any other sport. The football boot industry is therefore big, competitive and still growing. Today, football boot designs are subcategorised into four categories, of which three are linked to specific skill performance enhancing claims: The power boot for enhanced shooting performance, the touch/control boot for enhanced ball control and the speed boot for enhanced speed generation. In comparison to the strong marketing claims, little research has been published on the impact of football boot design on performance, injury and comfort. Therefore, little is known about the importance and impact of changing boot design. The outcome of this thesis offers researcher and the football boot industry validated human test protocols for power boot, touch/control and speed boot designs. The outcome of the thesis also advances the knowledge of how the football boot impacts performance, comfort and highlights the potential links between plantar comfort and injury risk. Rule based system assessment was performed to validate a boot performance conceptual framework linking the player and their desired movements during a football match with the football boot and its different components. The three protocols for assessment of key performance aspects for power boots, touch/control boots and speed boots were validated using test-retest reliability assessment through relative and absolute reliability measures. The power boot protocols involved shooting assessment measuring ball velocity, offset from target, success and player perception of ball velocity and accuracy. The touch/control boot protocol involved dribbling and passing assessment measuring time, number of touches and radial distance from cones during completion of a complex dribbling drill, ball velocity and offset from target during flat and airborne passes. The speed boot protocols involved combined agility and acceleration sprinting time and jump height before and after a 90 min match simulation protocol. Throughout the match simulation heart rate, player perceived exertion, perceived muscle fatigue, overall foot comfort and specific regional foot comfort. The validated protocols were then applied to assess how boot parameters impact performance. For the power boot, boots with and without upper padding were compared II demonstrating a small favour for the non-padded boot. Similarly, boots with and without upper padding were compared for the touch/control boot scenario with no differences seen between the two designs. Finally, two commercially available speed boots were assessed for the speed boot scenario demonstrating significant differences in both comfort and performance measures. Indicating a potential link between decreased foot comfort and decreased ability to maintain performance throughout a 90 min game. The boot performance conceptual framework was developed with component at each level but no interactive links between levels were added due to the lack of evidence in the literature. The boot performance conceptual framework offers researchers and the football boot industry a visualisation tool to aid the general overview when assessing or designing football boots. The three validations of protocols demonstrated strong test- retest reliability for most measures assessed and can therefore be applied to assess the impact of altering boot designs like demonstrated in this study.

Orientador: João Batista Freire / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T05:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scaglia_AlcidesJose_M.pdf: 7598948 bytes, checksum: f657618eda6f53ca511fa3de2a2ba785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Tendo por objetivo discutir e analisar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do futebol, nosso estudo, partindo da hipótese de que não se ensina mais futebol da maneira como se aprendia, procurou levantar junto a ex-jogadores de futebol que hoje ministram aulas em escolinhas, o processo que lhes ensinaram a jogar futebol, para, na seqüência, compará-lo às suas respectivas práticas profissionais. Para a realização desta pesquisa de campo, a sistematização metodológica, tanto na coleta quanto na análise dos dados, seguiu os procedimentos da técnica de análise de conteúdos. Porém, para que realizássemos as análises inferenciais comparativas com segurança e coerência científica, fez-se necessário que construíssemos um corpo teórico consistente. Este corpo teórico, num primeiro momento, levantou, junto à história do futebol, suas origens, descrevendo toda a evolução dos antigos jogos de bola com os pés que culminou com o surgimento desse esporte na Inglaterra. Depois, procurou-se levantar hipóteses de que o futebol continuou sua evolução no Brasil através das inúmeras brincadeiras de bola com os pés realizadas pelas crianças ao longo da infância. O final desse resgate histórico evidenciou o surgimento das escolinhas de futebol, caracterizando-as como os locais que vieram substituir a rua e os campinhos, principalmente em grandes centros como Campinas, no desenrolar da iniciação. Num segundo momento, tecemos considerações a respeito da necessidade de se relacionar a pedagogia com o futebol, almejando destacar pontos que deveriam ser levados em consideração ao se desenvolver um trabalho de iniciação ao futebol, caracterizando as escolinhas como instituições de ensino não-formal que, como tal, não se vê desprovida de responsabilidades maiores que ensinar apenas o futebol. Finalizando o corpo do texto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliográfica que discutiu os vários estudos teórico-práticos publicados com a finalidade de ensinar futebol para crianças, ousando chamar alguns de tradicionais e outros de inovadores, ao se apontar suas características e particularidades. Ao final da dissertação pudemos confirmar as nossas hipóteses, diagnosticando que a pedagogia com que se aprendia futebol não é a mesma que ensina hoje nas escolinhas / Abstract: Having the objective of discussing and analyzing the soccer teaching ¿ leaming process, our study started with the hypothesis that nowadays soccer is not taught the same way it was leamed before. We tried to leam from fonner soccer players (who in the present teach at soccer schools) the process in which they were taught. After this, we could compare the data with their present professional activity. To get the results of this field research, the methodological systematization for the data collection and analysis followed the proceedings of the analysis of content technique. Therefore, for us to acquire safe comparative conclusion analysis and scientific consistency it was necessary that we built a consistent theoretical body. This one, in a first moment searched the soccer history, its origins, describing the evolution ofthe ancient ball games played with the feet from which emerged the soccer game in England. After this, we tried to bring a hypothesis that the soccer game continued its evolution in Brazil throughout several ball games the children would play with their feet during childhood. The end of this historical research made evident the appearance of the soccer schools, pointing out that these places once replaced the street soccer games and the neighborhood soccer fields. These were places where the children would start leaming soccer especially in the big cities like Campinas. In a second moment, there were considerations about the need of relating pedagogy with soccer, with the expectation of high1ighting some points that should be considered when developing a work for initiation in soccer. We distinguished the soccer schools as non fonnal educational institutions. These institutions, although non fonnal, have the responsibility of teaching more than soccer. Concludingthe text, we developed bibliographical research in which we discussed several theoretical-practical studies published with the purpose of teaching soccer to children. When pointing out their characteristics and peculiarities we took the risk of calling some traditional and some innovators. At the end of the dissertation, we could confirm some hypotheses, concluding that the pedagogy which the soccer players first learned is not the same used nowadays to teach at the soccer schools / Mestrado / Mestre em Educação Física

M.Phil. (Optometry) / In football, vision is one of the key performance indicators and ingredients of success (Buys, 2002) and it is not uncommon to find a player underperforming in the field of play due to poor vision. Football is the world’s most popular sport, with the Football World Cup finals attracting record estimations of world-wide television audiences in the billions (Clark, 2007). In this sport, players must perform motor skills and control their posture during their game, while using visual information to collaborate with other team members or to oppose the opponent (Paillard & Noe’, 2006). Visual attention plays an important role in football, where players must monitor the activities and positions of multiple players simultaneously (Memmert, Simons & Grimme, 2009). As pointed out by Coopoo, Moss, Fortuin, Freese and Cameron (2012), visual capabilities and skills cannot be assumed as natural attributes but must be tested and subjected to training according to need. In this study quantitative and descriptive research is conducted to assess the visual skills of football players. Inferential statistics are done on the collected data to explain the performance of the players: A battery of twelve (12) vision related procedures were performed on each of sixty three (63) football players from two academies in Gauteng Province. The procedures are divided into ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ visual skills (Ferreira, 2002). Using the existing protocols, a comparison with existing norms is made (Buys, 2002; Buys & Ferreira, 2008). In the present study a majority of the athletes performed better in the ‘hardware’ visual skills like static visual acuity, colour discrimination, stereopsis and fusion flexibility. The athletes did not fare better in other ‘hardware’ skills like contrast sensitivity and focus flexibility. Very few of the athletes were able to score ‘above average’ and better in the ‘software’ visual skills. According to Abernethy (1986), visual performance in sport is the interaction between the ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ visual systems, and it is the ‘software’ visual system that distinguishes experts from non-experts (Ferreira, 2002; Ludeke & Ferreira, 2003; Venter & Ferreira, 2004). The ‘hardware’ of the visual system can set the potential limit to visual performance 5 in sport but once deficiencies have been addressed, it is the ‘software’ skills that will separate experts from novices (Ferreira, 2003). The ability of the sport to divide families, communities and nations along support lines tells us that there is more importance attached to the game of football than we are willing to acknowledge. Attention must therefore be paid to the performance indicators (sports vision, etc.), which have on many occasions influenced the outcomes of games. The SPSS statistical package was used to test for any statistical significance in the correlations test between player age, player position on the field of play, and player years of experience against the players’ visual skills.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Physiotherapists are part of the medical team involved in prevention and management of football injuries in Malawi. However, in Malawi no physiotherapist is currently involved in prevention and management of football injuries in the Malawi Super League. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the need for physiotherapy intervention in prevention and management of football injuries. Methodology: A concurrent mixed method study design was used to collect data. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from football players. Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews from team doctors and coaches respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using the SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive data was presented in the form of percentages, means, ranges, standard deviations, and frequencies using tables, figures and graphs. A chisquare test of association and Fischer’s exact test were used to study the factors associated with football injuries against prevalence of injury. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and expressed ideas were read several times, coded and reduced into categories and themes. Ethical clearance was granted by the University of the Western Cape and relevant authorities in Malawi. Results: A response rate of 67.5% was obtained. The mean age of football players was 21.73 (SD=3.295) years. The injury prevalence was 68.9% with 64% of injuries occurring during matches and 37% during training. The majority (84%) of the injuries were sustained in the lower limbs and 52.7% of the players who reported to have incurred an injury had recurring injuries with the ankle joint (33.3%) being the most affected part. Ligament sprain was the most common type of injury (36%) and most of the injuries (36.5%) reported were severe. No medical professional is available to manage injuries during training while team doctors are always available during matches. Recurrent injury was significantly associated injury prevalence (P=0.000). Use of protective gear was also significantly associated with injury prevalence both at training (P<0.01) and matches (P<0.05). Both coaches and team doctors reported that recurrent injury, psychological, player fitness, and lack of equipment were factors contributing to injury prevalence. Regarding injury management, coaches and team doctors reported sprains and strains as the most common injuries seen in the league. Furthermore, their views regarding injury prevention were sought. Team doctors perceived use of protective equipment as the main strategy of injury prevention while coaches regarded warm up as the main injury preventative strategy. Conclusion: There is need for physiotherapy intervention in prevention and management of football injuries in Malawi.

Orientador: Alcides José Scaglia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Belozo_FelipeLovaglio_M.pdf: 2431513 bytes, checksum: 3e69a56d8da706615f271c5ccc37d10b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A utilização dos jogos reduzidos (JR) para o treinamento do futebol aumentou consideravelmente nos últimos anos. As regras impostas pela comissão técnica e a dimensão do campo causam efeitos significativos na movimentação dos jogadores de futebol durante os treinamentos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da regra, com o princípio tático da manutenção da posse de bola, e o efeito da dimensão de campo e número de jogadores na intensidade e movimentação dos jogadores durante o treinamento em pequenos, médios e grandes jogos, em duas condições de campo, controle e experimental. Participaram voluntariamente da pesquisa onze atletas da categoria sub-20 de um clube profissional do Estado de São Paulo-Brasil, com idade 18±1,2 anos, estatura 174,04±6,93cm, massa corporal 66.58±7,75kg. Por meio da videogametria, foi possível conhecer as faixas de velocidades que os atletas percorreram durante os jogos e ao correlacionar com a avaliação de Limiar Ventilatório (LV), estabelecer individualmente quatro diferentes faixas de intensidade (baixa intensidade, intensidade moderada, moderada/alta e alta intensidade). Os resultados apontam que os jogos controle (somente com regras da FIFA) são mais intensos do que os jogos experimentais, pois no campo controle 3x3+G, os atletas percorreram 141,5±55,3m em alta intensidade contra 101,6±55,6m no experimental. No 6x6+G, 389±179,6m no controle e 175,8±65,3m no campo experimental. Para os campos de 10x10+G, percorreram 560,5±165,9m no campo controle e 361±135,1m no experimental (p<0,05). Ao observar a dimensão de campo, os resultados apontam também que nos jogos controle a movimentação dos atletas no campo 6x6+G, (360,89±155,7m), foi significativamente maior do que no campo 3x3+G, (139,71±49,3m) e o campo 10x10+G, (579,89±173,9 m) foi maior que os formatos 3x3+G e 6x6+G, (p<0,05). Essas diferenças significativas também podem ser observadas na distância total percorrida, quantidade de ações em alta intensidade, velocidade máxima, distância das ações em alta intensidade e intervalo entre as ações de alta intensidade. Porém no campo experimental, existe diferença significativa apenas do campo 10x10+G para os campos 3x3+G e 6x6+G. Contudo, conclui-se que a manipulação da dimensão do campo e número de jogadores causa efeito significativo na movimentação dos jogadores, porém as regras estabelecidas pela comissão técnica também causam efeito nas movimentações dos atletas independente da dimensão de campo e número de jogadores. As regras tornam-se importantes para um comprometimento tático e consequentemente um efeito na intensidade e movimentação dos jogadores durante os treinamentos com jogos / Abstract: The use of Small-Sided Games (SSG) for soccer training has increased considerably in recent years. The rules imposed by the coaches and the size of the field have significant effects on the time-motion characteristics of soccer players during training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rule, with the tactical principle of possession of maintenance, and the effect of field size and number of players in the intensity and time-motion of players during training in small, medium and large games, in two field conditions, control and experimental. Voluntarily participated in the survey eleven athletes of the U-20 a professional club of São Paulo-Brazil, with age 18±1,2 years, height 174.04 ± 6,93cm, body mass 66.58 ± 7,75kg. Through videogametria was possible to know the tracks speeds that athletes covered during games and correlate with the evaluation ventilatory threshold (VT), individually establish four different intensity ranges (low intensity, moderate, moderate/high and high intensity). The results show that the control games (only with FIFA rules) are more intense than the experimental games, as in 3x3+G control field, athletes covered 141.5 ± 55,3m for high intensity against 101.6 ± 5,6m in the experimental. In 6x6G, 389 ± 179,6m in control and 175.8 ± 65,3m in the experimental field. For the fields of 10x10+G, covered 560.5±165,9m in the field control and 361±135.1m in the experimental (p <0.05). Observing the fild size, note also that in the control games by increasing the field size and number of players there is a significant increase in the time-motion of athletes 6x6+G field for 3x3+G and field 10x10+G field for the fields 3x3+G and 6x6+G. But in experimental games (with rules imposed by the coaches), there are significant differences only field 10x10+G to the fields 3x3+G and6x6+G. However, it is concluded that the size of the field and the number of players in effect causes time-motion of athletes during training, but the handling becomes important rules for a tactical engagement and consequently an effect on the intensity and time motion of the players during training with games / Mestrado / Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e Esporte / Mestre em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo

The purpose of this study was to discover patterns in intra-team co operation (passing) versus individualistic behavior (dribbling) across various age and gender groups . A behavioral coding scheme for soccer players in possession of the ball was designed to tabulate team responses of passing or dribbling behavior in a four-a-side indoor tournament . A total of 32 teams , 18 male teams and 14 female teams , participated in four age brackets. A multi variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) generated one significant result for age and passing behavior. This supported the first hypothesis that intra-team cooperative behavior increased with age. Due to the nonorthogonal nature of the data two separate analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted, one for each of_ the dependent variables. No significant results were generated by these ANOVA's for sex and dribbling behavior. However, there was tenuous confirmation of the second hypothesis, that there is a gender difference in the use of cooperative (passing) responses and individualistic (dribbling) behavior.

This study examines how identity processes affect role exit. I test a model of role exit that situates the identity processes of cognitive processes (reflected appraisals and social comparisons), rewards and costs related to the role, commitment to the role, and identity centrality as mediating factors between role-set and social characteristic background factors, and role exit. Using a sample of 940 current and former soccer referees in Virginia and the District of Columbia, the results show that several role-set background factors and social characteristics affect role exit. However, identity processes explain some of the effect that the background factors have on role exit. The results have implications for identity theory and role exit theory and for helping referee organizations understand why referees quit. / Ph. D.