Orientador: João Paulo Borin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pascoal_EduardoHenriqueFrazilli_M.pdf: 1004451 bytes, checksum: 4cc7d5117e5a112067866ed33e55c0c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: No âmbito do futebol o volume e a intensidade do trabalho são determinantes no entendimento da carga de treinamento. Para garantir uma adaptação adequada é imprescindível que a relação entre estímulo e recuperação seja suficiente. Cargas elevadas podem ocasionar decréscimos no desempenho, diminuições na resposta imune, aumentos de infecções de vias aéreas superiores (IVAS) e aumento de indicadores de dano muscular, como a creatina quinase (CK). Neste sentido é fundamental entender a organização do conteúdo de treinamento e sua relação com indicadores imunológicos e de dano muscular. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do conteúdo de treinamento nas concentrações de CK, leucócitos e subséries, relatos de IVAS e desempenho da potência de atletas de futebol juniores durante 10 semanas correspondentes ao período preparatório para a Copa São Paulo Júnior. Participaram do estudo 14 atletas de futebol pertencentes à categoria Sub-19 (18,40 ± 0,88 anos, 179,52 ± 6,96 cm, 73,70 ± 7,22 kg). As coletas ocorreram em dois momentos: M1, período antecedente ao início da pré-temporada; M2, na 11ª semana, final da pré-temporada. Em ambos os momentos foram realizadas coletas e análises sanguíneas de leucócitos, neutrófilos, monócitos, linfócitos, plaquetas e CK. Semanalmente, os atletas respondiam ao questionário de acometimento por IVAS e todo conteúdo de treinamento era registrado e repassado ao pesquisador. Para verificar a potência de membros inferiores foi utilizado o teste de salto vertical com contramovimento (CMJ). Diariamente foi coletado o valor da percepção subjetiva de esforço de cada jogador bem como os minutos das sessões para cálculos da carga interna. Utilizou-se o teste-t de Student para amostras pareadas para as variáveis imunológicas; o teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para amostra não-paramétrica de CK e o índice de significância adotado foi ? ? 0,05. Os principais resultados apontam para predominância dos conteúdos de resistência específica (28 sessões; 2075 min), seguido de força geral e específica (26 sessões; 1480 min). Quanto aos indicadores imunológicos e de dano muscular, verificou-se decréscimos significantes na concentração de linfócitos e aumentos significantes nas plaquetas e na CK. A partir dos resultados, os dados apontam que o conteúdo de treinamento aplicado aos atletas no período preparatório diminuiu a resposta imune, aumentou o dano muscular, além de manter a potência muscular. / Abstract: Within the soccer the training¿s volume and intensity are determinants of the training load. To ensure an adequate adaptation it is imperative that the relationship between stimulus and recovery be sufficcient. Highly loads can lead to performance and immune decreases, increases of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and muscle damage indicators like creatina kinase (CK). In this sense is critical to understand the organization of the content training and its relationship with immune function and muscle damage indicators. Therefore, the aims of this study were to verify the influence of training content on the CK concentrations, leucocytes and subsets, URTIs reports and lower limb power performance of junior soccer athletes during a 10-week corresponding to the preparatory period for the Junior São Paulo Soccer Cup. Participated of this study fourteen U19 soccer players (18,40 ± 0,88 years, 179,52 ± 6,96 cm, 73,70 ± 7,22 kg). The collections happened in two moments: M1, the precede preseason period; M2, on the 11th week, end of the preseason period. In both moments were performed collections and blood analyses to evaluate the leucocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelet and CK. Weekly the subjects answer the URTIs questionnaire and all training content was registered and transferred to the researcher. It was performed the countermovement jump (CMJ) test to measure the lower limbs power. Daily it was collected the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of each player for load calculations. The paired Student t-test was used for the immune variables, as well as the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used to the CK sample and the significance level selected was ? ? 0,05. The main results show the specific endurance predominance (28 sessions; 2075 min), followed by general and specific strength (26 sessions; 1480 min). Regarding to the immune and muscle damage indicators, we verified significant lymphocytes concentration decreases and significant platelet and CK increases. From the results the data indicate that the content training applied to the athletes on the preseason decreased the immune response, increase de muscle damage and maintain the muscle power. / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

The main problem of this study was to determine if a significant strength difference existed between the mirror muscles of six muscle groups in the dominant and nondominant legs of University of the Pacific male soccer players at differing contraction speeds as measured by the Cybex II Isokinetic Dynometer.

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published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis (M.A. (International Relations))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2016. / With sport becoming a worldwide phenomenon through the international nature of matches and events, International Relations (IR) academic writers have had to take note. States and cities are increasingly using major sporting events and activities to re-image themselves, promote development and regeneration. Therefore, this research report will highlight numerous connections sport and IR possess through examining the widely proclaimed developmental impacts of hosting a mega sporting event (MSE) such as the FIFA World Cup. The professionalization and resultant commodification of sporting events seen through the transnational actor FIFA and World Cups in South Africa 2010 and Brazil 2014 will be used as case studies. These chosen cases will illustrate that in reality the FIFA World Cup is not as beneficial for host nations from the emerging or developing world as claimed. The research will be theoretically based on the perspective of neoliberalism in relation to the IR concept of Globalization. Key Words Sport, International Relations, Globalization, Neoliberalism, Mega Sporting Events, FIFA, World Cup, Development / GR 2017

Research report in partial fulfillment of the degree of MPH, Faculty of Health, University of the Witwatersrand / Background and Study Question: Adolescents are a high-risk group for HIV/AIDS infection and illness in South Africa. Despite substantial prevention efforts, high risk behaviour among adolescents continues. Several organisations have engaged in sports activities to reach out to adolescents and educate them in life-skills and HIV prevention. There is, however, very little published research on the effectiveness of such interventions. Grassroots Soccer (GRS) is one of the emerging organisations in the field of using sports for HIV prevention. Financed by De Beers’ corporate social responsibility initiative it operates in several South African mining communities. This study evaluates the HIV prevention programme in Musina, Limpopo Province run by GRS. The research focuses on the processes and the outcomes of the organisation’s activities to determine barriers and facilitators to implementation of the GRS activities and to measure changes in HIV-related knowledge, self efficacy, and attitude of the beneficiaries. Methods: A mixed-methods study design was used incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative component of the study was based on key informant interviews and a document review. Qualitative interviews were analysed using a four-step systematic approach; documents were analysed by iterative reading. Quantitative data was collected by GRS through selfadministered pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Secondary data analysis was carried out using statistical software SPSS (Version 17.0). Results: The GRS programme managed to improve beneficiaries’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy concerning HIV prevention. In doing that, GRS achieved its core objective. The increases, however, are modest and only significant for knowledge gain. Many beneficiaries did not increase their overall scores in the pre- and post-test questionnaire; the recognition of alcohol and drugs as risk factors for HIV/AIDS is relatively low. Furthermore, the programme operates in a difficult context with insufficient community involvement, constraint resources, and inadequate monitoring and evaluation. Volunteer retention is a major challenge, and there is a disjuncture between the GRS’ theoretical approach and the practical implementation in Musina. Although the programme is considered a success by key informants, these factors combined with a lack of support from GRS and De Beers pose challenges to the programme’s approach, its operations, and ultimately its sustainability. Conclusion and Recommendations: The GRS provides a promising approach to HIV prevention. The programme in Musina however falls behind the potential of the organisation and the needs of the community. It needs to be more locally integrated, receive additional resources, and have better monitoring and evaluation. Programme activities ought to move beyond knowledge transfer and be closer to the actual GRS approach based on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, focusing on 12 to 14 year-olds, and include income generating activities. Further research should focus on actual programme implementation, longer term follow-up of beneficiaries, and assess the impact of the programme.

Le Footeval est un test intermittent avec ballon qui évalue les joueurs de football de manière globale, dont la validité et la reproductibilité ont été démontrées dans ce document. Nos travaux ont montré également que les déterminants de la performance au Footeval sont, à différents degrés, le potentiel aérobie à 33% (VO2max), la qualité pliométrique à 21%, la maîtrise technique du ballon du sujet à 9% d'un point de vue qualitatif et à 27% d'un point de vue quantitatif. Le Footeval affiche une sensibilité à l'entraînement en début de saison comme le Vam-Eval mais une différence apparaît sur le type de contenu. En effet le Footeval exprime une plus grande affinité aux entraînements basés sur le ballon comme les jeux réduits. Cette spécificité est encore plus prégnante puisque le Footeval discrimine parfaitement les joueurs de football en fonction de leur niveau de pratique en respectant la hiérarchie des championnats, et cela contrairement au Vam-Eval. L'un des facteurs responsables de la performance au Footeval, la vitesse avec ballon, nous a permis en partie d'expliquer ce constat. Par ce faisceau d'élément le Footeval apparaît comme un test spécifique à l'activité, un outil pertinent lors d'une journée de détection ou dans le cadre d'une validation de progrès en présaison suite à un entraînement exclusivement basé sur le ballon. Par ses caractéristiques, sa spécificité, sa sensibilité le Footeval s'inscrit pleinement dans l'orientation actuelle de l'entraînement à savoir une préparation physique intégrée / Footeval test is an intermittent test that includes technical skills which aim to assess players’ level globally. Its validity and reliability have been demonstrated in this document. Our work highlighted that design of the test and technical skills inclusion lead to performance’s determinant repartition as follow: 33% on aerobic potential (VO2max), 21% in plyometric skills on lower limb, 36% on parameters related to technical abilities. We observed sensibility to global training, but this test is differently sensible to training modalities. Footeval test provides best sensibility to training with ball as “small side game” training, versus “generic” training. This sensibility is also highly related to football player ranking contrary to traditional test as Vam-Eval or basic sprints tests. Those findings allow concluding that Footeval is a highly specific test to football practice and appear relevant for scouting process. This test with its specificity and sensitivity is fully in line with current training trend based on integrated training

Abstract Using data from the 2017 Major League Soccer Season, this thesis investigates the relationship between salaries, individual player performance, nationality and previous career trajectory for player in the MLS. Through analysis of 6 model specifications, it is found that previous career trajectory, performance and nationality are all significant factors in salary determination. Further, it is concluded that the results of the model show that MLS franchises are in general allocating salaries efficiently relative to performance.

Background: Research has displayed a strong relationship between lower body strength and power, both in eccentric-concentric and concentric only exercises, in male soccer players. However the relationship between different types of squats and sprint performance has not been studied thoroughly in young male soccer players. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between sprint performance and power output in different squat variations in young male soccer players. Methods: Eleven young male soccer players, 17-19 years old, were tested in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat (S), 1RM concentric squat (CS) and in 5m, 10m, 15m and 30m sprint performance. Power testing in S and CS were performed at 30%, 50% and 70% of 1RM and registered as absolute power (W) and as power relative to body weight (W/kg). Results of the power output in S and CS were correlated with sprint performances. Correlations of rs ≥0.6 were considered to indicate a strong relationship. Results: There were strong correlations (rs = -0.61 to -0.68) between CS power output at 50% of 1RM, relative to body weight (W/kg), and all the sprint distances. S power output at 50% of 1RM, relative to body weight (W/kg), showed strong correlations (rs = -0.64 to -0.67) to 5m, 10m and 15m sprint. The only absolute power output (W) value to strongly correlate (rs = -0.62) with sprint performance was S at 50% of 1RM and 5m sprint. Conclusion: Both S and CS performance showed strong correlations with sprint start performance in young male soccer players. In conflict with previous research, this study showed a stronger correlation between CS and 30m sprint performance than S did. The results support previous findings that strength and power divided by body weight are stronger associated with sprint performance than absolute measures are. Both S and CS should be performed in the general strength training program to improve maximal strength and power, and thereby enhance soccer performance.

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