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Feminism conjures divisive and at times conflicting thoughts and feelings in the current political climate in the United States. For some, Wonder Woman is a feminist icon, for her devotion to truth, justice, and equality. In recent years, Wonder Woman has become successful in the film industry, and this is reflected by the growing community of cosplayers at comic book conventions. In this study, I examine gender performativity, gender identity, and feminism from the perspective of cosplayers of Wonder Woman. I collected ethnographic data using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with cosplayers at comic book conventions in Florida, Georgia, and Washington, about their experiences in their Wonder Woman costumes. I found that many cosplayers identified with Wonder Woman both in their own personalities and as a feminist icon, and many view Wonder Woman as a larger role model to all people, not just women and girls. The narratives in this study also show cosplay as a form of escapism. Finally, I found that Wonder Woman empowers cosplayers at the individual level but can be envisioned as a force at a wider social level. I conclude that Wonder Woman is an important and iconic figure for understanding the dynamics of culture in the United States. In the era of #MeToo and TimesUp, Wonder Woman is a character that defies normative boundaries of gendered expectations.

This thesis uses online ethnographic methods to analyze the impact of patriarchal values on the illness experiences of women with endometriosis. Current literature suggests that negative impact on patients with endometriosis with regard to cultural discourse surrounding menstruation and chronic illness. Utilizing a combination of critical discourse analysis and constructivist grounded theory, the results of this research demonstrate that patients engage in a form of performance that is reactive to normalization and dismissal of pain by doctors and wider social support due in part to cultural stigmas of menstruation and chronic pain, as well as the inherent power imbalance in the doctor-patient relationship. This performative role as a patient also creates a reclamation of power by participants in the form of strong medical familiarity and casual use of medical terminology. The intent to benefit future research are discussed with the limitations of this study.

No fim do século XIX, início do XX, começam a tomar forma grupos sociais nascidos das fímbrias de homens livres e pobres: são os remediados. Também denominados intermediários, esses grupos são os setores que migram para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro na passagem do século e iniciam o processo de ocupação das instituições do Estado. Ser remediado é condição suspensa, um estado indefinido cujas características, às vezes, só o próprio sujeito que se denomina como tal sabe quais são. Nesta tese, procuramos encontrar os remediados na literatura de Lima Barreto a fim de aproximar realidade de literatura: consideramos esta expressa aquela e contém as tensões históricas que cabem ao historiador explicitar. Para isso, recorremos à obra ficcional, às crônicas e aos artigos circunstanciais de Lima Barreto, cujas personagens foram selecionadas com base nessa situação de suspensão. Procuramos reconstruí-las e interpretá-las conforme a estrutura econômica, social e cultural do período. Lima Barreto foi um crítico desse processo, pois sua experiência histórica, de homem comum e escritor arguto oscilou nos limites entre ser pobre e remediado. Essa situação particular contribuiu para que o escritor percebesse as ideologias que enformavam a constituição desses grupos que circulavam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / In the late nineteenth century, early twentieth, certain social groups born in the fringe of free and poor men the remediados (neither rich nor poor) started to be constituted. Also called intermediate groups, they are people who migrated to the city of Rio de Janeiro at the turn of the century and begun occupying the state institutions. Being in these groups is to be in an undecided condition, an undefined state whose characteristics sometimes are known only by those ones who are in such condition. In this work we try to find out theses groups in Lima Barretos literature to see the extent to which fiction converges to reality and vice versa. In so doing, we consider that fiction expresses reality and contains those historical tensions whose explicitness falls into the historian work. To do so, we recur to the Lima Barretos fictional work, his newspaper/magazine chronicles and his circumstantial articles. We have chosen his fictional characters based on that situation of undecidedness and searched to rebuild and interpret them according to the economical, social, and cultural structure at the time. Because of his historical experience of a common man and sharp writer oscillated between the limits of being neither poor nor rich, Lima Barreto criticized this process. This condition helped him to perceive the ideologies that gave shape to the constitution of those social groups who circulated in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-22T19:02:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-LÉIA DA SILVA RAMOS.pdf: 2927035 bytes, checksum: e608962e938d31c5952780321c40be77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-07T15:28:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-LÉIA DA SILVA RAMOS.pdf: 2927035 bytes, checksum: e608962e938d31c5952780321c40be77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-07T17:10:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-LÉIA DA SILVA RAMOS.pdf: 2927035 bytes, checksum: e608962e938d31c5952780321c40be77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T17:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-LÉIA DA SILVA RAMOS.pdf: 2927035 bytes, checksum: e608962e938d31c5952780321c40be77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-16 / Não Informada / In this paper we study the transmission and acquisition processes of knowledge of the Social Process Training for Indigenous Women, to thus be able to think curricular proposals for the in Araçá da Serra community school, Raposa Serra do Sol. This is a qualitative research through ethnography describes and analyzes the knowledge associated with cassava planting and processing flour and “caxiri”. Thus, deepened the understanding of the knowledge of indigenous women and the social mechanisms of transmission thereof, or of indigenous education in the perspective of women. From the activities carried out by women and using intercultural inductive method, we propose feasible educational activities to be developed in the indigenous school, to think proposals based on community reality and activities that children know. In the study of knowledge also appeared several conflicts due to the school levy, churches and other institutions and situations that have led to changes within families and the community. Finally this work invited us to reflect on the relationship between indigenous education and indigenous education and the current challenges of Araçá da Serra community, that lives renewal processes and cultural change, which is not without conflict. / No presente trabalho estudamos os processos de transmissão e aquisição dos conhecimentos relativos ao Processo Social de Formação da Mulher Indígena, para, assim poder pensar propostas curriculares para a Escola na comunidade Araçá da Serra, Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que através da etnografia descreve e analisa os conhecimentos associados ao cultivo de mandioca e ao processamento de farinha e caxiri. Com isso, aprofundamos a compreensão sobre os conhecimentos das mulheres indígenas e os mecanismos sociais de transmissão dos mesmos, ou seja, da educação indígena na perspectiva das mulheres. Deste modo, a partir das atividades realizadas por mulheres e utilizando o método indutivo intercultural, propomos ações educativas factíveis de serem desenvolvidas na escola indígena, de forma a pensar propostas baseadas na realidade da comunidade e nas atividades que as crianças conhecem. No estudo dos conhecimentos apareceram também diversos conflitos, devido à imposição da escola, de igrejas e de outras instituições e situações que vêm provocando mudanças no interior das famílias e da comunidade. Finalmente este trabalho nos convidou a refletir sobre a relação entre educação indígena e educação escolar indígena e os desafios atuais da comunidade Araçá, que vive processos de renovação e mudança cultural, o que não está isenta de conflitos.

In 2013, the Dominican Republic’s highest court ruled to revoke birthright citizenship for over 200,000 Dominicans of Haitian descent. Ruling TC 168-13 prompted dialogue about race and racism in the country, breaking the racial silence that accompanies mestizaje (racial mixture). Scholars viewed this ruling through the lens of “Black denial” whereby Dominicans’ failure to adopt Black identities, despite being largely afrodescendant, fuels the racialization of Haitians as Black. Less evident in examinations of Dominican racial politics are anti-racist and anti-xenophobic organizing. Addressing the gap in scholarship on Dominican blackness, this dissertation project adopts an ethnographic approach to examine how Domicans of Haitian descent, most notably through Reconoci.do, a movement of denationalized youth, as well as the natural hair movement, engage with race. As one of the few well-articulated areas of Dominican society engaged with blackness, the natural hair movement provides a useful counterpoint for examining the intersections between blackness and Haitianess. In this work, I propose that natural hair has the potential to destabilize Haitian racialization yet, concurrently threatens to decouple the anti-racist movement from Dominico-Haitian struggles. These intersections illuminate the complex relationships within the heterogenous anti-racist movement. Through a historically rooted examination of constructions of race and nation in immigration policies, censuses, and national identity cards, this dissertation asserts that immigration policies were designed to benefit the dominant sugarcane economy at the expense of migrants and thus state efforts in 2014 to address indocumentation continued earlier discriminatory patterns, disproportionately impacting the Haitian diaspora. These practices are best understood as spectacles (De Genova 2013) that produce migrant illegality and, in particular, an inherited illegality for Dominican-born children that violates their constitutional rights to citizenship. Furthermore, the state constructs the population as non-black while publicly undermining anti-racist organizing and this research finds that activists draw on transnational images of blackness to challenge national representations of a modern blackness. Identifying mestizaje and the color continuum as obstacles to organizing, many activists conceptualize blackness as hypodescent, whereby any African ancestry engenders a Black identity. I argue that, while essentialist, this strategy broadens identification with Dominico-Haitians.

No fim do século XIX, início do XX, começam a tomar forma grupos sociais nascidos das fímbrias de homens livres e pobres: são os remediados. Também denominados intermediários, esses grupos são os setores que migram para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro na passagem do século e iniciam o processo de ocupação das instituições do Estado. Ser remediado é condição suspensa, um estado indefinido cujas características, às vezes, só o próprio sujeito que se denomina como tal sabe quais são. Nesta tese, procuramos encontrar os remediados na literatura de Lima Barreto a fim de aproximar realidade de literatura: consideramos esta expressa aquela e contém as tensões históricas que cabem ao historiador explicitar. Para isso, recorremos à obra ficcional, às crônicas e aos artigos circunstanciais de Lima Barreto, cujas personagens foram selecionadas com base nessa situação de suspensão. Procuramos reconstruí-las e interpretá-las conforme a estrutura econômica, social e cultural do período. Lima Barreto foi um crítico desse processo, pois sua experiência histórica, de homem comum e escritor arguto oscilou nos limites entre ser pobre e remediado. Essa situação particular contribuiu para que o escritor percebesse as ideologias que enformavam a constituição desses grupos que circulavam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / In the late nineteenth century, early twentieth, certain social groups born in the fringe of free and poor men the remediados (neither rich nor poor) started to be constituted. Also called intermediate groups, they are people who migrated to the city of Rio de Janeiro at the turn of the century and begun occupying the state institutions. Being in these groups is to be in an undecided condition, an undefined state whose characteristics sometimes are known only by those ones who are in such condition. In this work we try to find out theses groups in Lima Barretos literature to see the extent to which fiction converges to reality and vice versa. In so doing, we consider that fiction expresses reality and contains those historical tensions whose explicitness falls into the historian work. To do so, we recur to the Lima Barretos fictional work, his newspaper/magazine chronicles and his circumstantial articles. We have chosen his fictional characters based on that situation of undecidedness and searched to rebuild and interpret them according to the economical, social, and cultural structure at the time. Because of his historical experience of a common man and sharp writer oscillated between the limits of being neither poor nor rich, Lima Barreto criticized this process. This condition helped him to perceive the ideologies that gave shape to the constitution of those social groups who circulated in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

<p>In Senegal, local communities have faced a wide range of economic and political challenges. In their attempt to address these issues, local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have engaged in a wide variety of improvement projects, and have often partnered together in these efforts. This dissertation examines the linkages formed between Senegalese and international NGOs in their efforts to achieve their aspirations of improvement for the country in a context of global interconnection. By engaging with relevant literature and ethnographic data collected through anthropological research efforts, I seek to provide a more in-depth understanding of the perspectives and experiences of NGO practitioners in Senegal while considering the interrelated issues of global connection, civil society and social hope. My research aims to contribute to the anthropological discourse on NGOs by examining how practitioners engaged in a variety of NGOs in Senegal understand and approach their work and how they engage in the complex power relationships entailed by these international NGO partnerships. In addition, this study explores the issue of social hope among NGO practitioners, examining how they approach and experience the concept of hope through their NGO efforts at improvement. With a focus on implementing programs targeted at certain groups over a short period of time, the hope of NGO staff involves a desire for long-term change despite the challenges faced. This study also considers the aspirations of NGO staff with respect to their political engagement with the state and their perception of Senegal’s place in the world. This involves exploring their belief that civil society and NGOs are the basis for hope in Senegal rather than the state. In this context, NGOs seek improvement by working within the political and economic system, constrained and limited by the dictates of their external donors and their approach to social change.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>This thesis presents a multi-level and mixed-method analysis of the health-care experiences of predominantly Colombian migrants living in Ottawa, Canada. It incorporates survey, interview, archival and participant-observation data to answer a series of linked questions regarding health and migration under contemporary Canadian liberal governance. Specifically, the thesis elucidates connections between bodily experiences of illness and healing, linguistic and cultural fractures within communities, and the legal positioning of refugee migrants in Canadian law. In doing so it follows the "three bodies" model of medical anthropology proposed by Lock and Scheper-Hughes. The first three chapters of the thesis provide multiple layers of context for the fourth chapter, which contains the bulk of the primary ethnographic evidence. The first chapter analyzes the positioning of the refugee subject in Canadian legislative and policy discourse, highlighting the phenomenon of the immigrant as subaltern nationalist "hero" who is denied a full voice in public affairs but whose passive qualities are considered essential for the cultural reproduction of the nation. The second chapter discusses relevant changes in the governance of health and social services in Canada, pointing out how neoliberal ideology attempts to mobilize "social capital" (that is, networks of unpaid labour) to replace withdrawals of public capital. The third chapter explores the entanglement of Colombian migrants in the language politics of the Canadian state, specifically the politics of iv the Ontario-Quebec border between English- and French-speakers. The fourth chapter presents the stories of Latina/o migrants focusing on their health, illness and perspectives on Canadian state participation. In conclusion, the thesis presents an analytical framework privileging the tie between the linguistic practices of nationalist projects and the linguistic underpinning of healing relationships. In both cases, a struggle for accurate and just recognition, conducted through linguistic practice, is a consequence of the human search for well-being.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)