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Returning to place : the return migration of young adults to TasmaniaEasthope, H Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Traditionally migration scholarship has been concerned with the question of why
people migrate. This has lead many migration researchers to search for lists of causal
factors understood to influence migration decisions. More recent migration research
has come to recognize that to understand why people migrate, it is important to look
beyond such lists and attempt to provide a more complex and nuanced account of the
migration process. This thesis draws upon these more recent studies and begins with
the premise that to begin to answer the question of why people migrate, one must first
try to comprehend how people negotiate, experience and understand their migrations.
Through a study of the return migration of young adults to the state of Tasmania in
Australia, this thesis discusses the utility of the concepts of 'mobility' and 'place' for
exploring the complexities of people's negotiations, experiences and understandings
of migration. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with thirty young adults
(aged between twenty and thirty-eight) who had left Tasmania and subsequently
returned. The thesis speaks to discussions surrounding the emigration of young adults
and concerns about 'brain drain' occurring in many regions in Australia as well as
internationally. The choice of Tasmania as a case study for this research is highly
appropriate, as concerns surrounding the out-migration of young people from the
state have influenced the State's social, economic and political life since the early
1900s. By examining return migration, the focus is shifted away from discourses that
bemoan the negative effects of the emigration of young adults, instead recognising
that migration can also bring benefits to both young migrants themselves and to the
places they move between.
The research found that people's experiences of migration were intricately tied to
their negotiations and understandings of places. Through a complex analysis of
constructions of mobility, place and belonging, the thesis reveals that young
Tasmanians retain deep emotional and social connections to Tasmania at all stages of
the migration process. These connections are influenced by constructions of
Tasmania as a place that is understood simultaneously as 'bounded and insular' and
as 'networked'. The thesis concludes by pointing to the implications of both mobility
and place construction for the politics and economies of the places migrants move
between, as well as for the practical considerations and identity constructions of the
migrants themselves, and reasserts the importance of these concepts for studies of
migration.
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Labour mobility and economic transformation in Solomon Islands: lusim Choiseul, bae kam baek moa?Friesen, Wardlow. January 1986 (has links)
This thesis examines the relationship of labour mobility and socioeconomic transformation in the Solomon Islands, and proposes that one cannot be understood in isolation from the other. Explanation is pursued both at the levels of structure and of agency, and integration of these levels is attempted in some places. This is discussed in the first part of the thesis, within a general discussion of issues of theory and method. The second part of the thesis deals with the structural parameters of labour mobility. Through the twentieth century, the institutions of government, mission and capitalist enterprise have been central in shaping the Solomon Islands social formation. The roles of these formal institutions with implications for labour mobility have ranged from purveyors of ideology to employers of labour. Another major element in the social formation is an original Melanesian mode of production which influences labour mobility through village-level institutions such as the land tenure system, kinship, and household operation. Labour circulation is a major factor in linking village and non-village institutions, and more abstractly in articulating two different modes of production. The third part of the thesis considers the ways in which individual agency operates within structure. The data base are life histories and related information from the Mbambatana language group on the island of Choiseul. This is integrated with national, regional and village-level structural information. Education is important in the way it 'selects' individuals for certain kinds of employment. This selection process occurs within the wage economy generally, but is further refined within institutions of employment. This results in labour mobility 'streams' which have identifiable characteristics related to gender, education, and employment type. Movements within each 'stream' have typical temporal and spatial characteristics. Patterns of labour mobility, especially sequence, are affected by gender and life cycle factors. For men and women the most critical changes take place in the 20s age span, but individual behaviour varies according to marriage and childrearing patterns. From a village perspective, labour circulation is a logical response to the necessity of operating within two different economic systems typified by different modes of production. This process of articulation is manifest in other ways as well, and households or families may adopt different strategies in operating within two different systems. The particular strategy adopted depends on the labour power available, degree of access to land, and employment possibilities of individual members.
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Labour mobility and economic transformation in Solomon Islands: lusim Choiseul, bae kam baek moa?Friesen, Wardlow. January 1986 (has links)
This thesis examines the relationship of labour mobility and socioeconomic transformation in the Solomon Islands, and proposes that one cannot be understood in isolation from the other. Explanation is pursued both at the levels of structure and of agency, and integration of these levels is attempted in some places. This is discussed in the first part of the thesis, within a general discussion of issues of theory and method. The second part of the thesis deals with the structural parameters of labour mobility. Through the twentieth century, the institutions of government, mission and capitalist enterprise have been central in shaping the Solomon Islands social formation. The roles of these formal institutions with implications for labour mobility have ranged from purveyors of ideology to employers of labour. Another major element in the social formation is an original Melanesian mode of production which influences labour mobility through village-level institutions such as the land tenure system, kinship, and household operation. Labour circulation is a major factor in linking village and non-village institutions, and more abstractly in articulating two different modes of production. The third part of the thesis considers the ways in which individual agency operates within structure. The data base are life histories and related information from the Mbambatana language group on the island of Choiseul. This is integrated with national, regional and village-level structural information. Education is important in the way it 'selects' individuals for certain kinds of employment. This selection process occurs within the wage economy generally, but is further refined within institutions of employment. This results in labour mobility 'streams' which have identifiable characteristics related to gender, education, and employment type. Movements within each 'stream' have typical temporal and spatial characteristics. Patterns of labour mobility, especially sequence, are affected by gender and life cycle factors. For men and women the most critical changes take place in the 20s age span, but individual behaviour varies according to marriage and childrearing patterns. From a village perspective, labour circulation is a logical response to the necessity of operating within two different economic systems typified by different modes of production. This process of articulation is manifest in other ways as well, and households or families may adopt different strategies in operating within two different systems. The particular strategy adopted depends on the labour power available, degree of access to land, and employment possibilities of individual members.
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Labour mobility and economic transformation in Solomon Islands: lusim Choiseul, bae kam baek moa?Friesen, Wardlow. January 1986 (has links)
This thesis examines the relationship of labour mobility and socioeconomic transformation in the Solomon Islands, and proposes that one cannot be understood in isolation from the other. Explanation is pursued both at the levels of structure and of agency, and integration of these levels is attempted in some places. This is discussed in the first part of the thesis, within a general discussion of issues of theory and method. The second part of the thesis deals with the structural parameters of labour mobility. Through the twentieth century, the institutions of government, mission and capitalist enterprise have been central in shaping the Solomon Islands social formation. The roles of these formal institutions with implications for labour mobility have ranged from purveyors of ideology to employers of labour. Another major element in the social formation is an original Melanesian mode of production which influences labour mobility through village-level institutions such as the land tenure system, kinship, and household operation. Labour circulation is a major factor in linking village and non-village institutions, and more abstractly in articulating two different modes of production. The third part of the thesis considers the ways in which individual agency operates within structure. The data base are life histories and related information from the Mbambatana language group on the island of Choiseul. This is integrated with national, regional and village-level structural information. Education is important in the way it 'selects' individuals for certain kinds of employment. This selection process occurs within the wage economy generally, but is further refined within institutions of employment. This results in labour mobility 'streams' which have identifiable characteristics related to gender, education, and employment type. Movements within each 'stream' have typical temporal and spatial characteristics. Patterns of labour mobility, especially sequence, are affected by gender and life cycle factors. For men and women the most critical changes take place in the 20s age span, but individual behaviour varies according to marriage and childrearing patterns. From a village perspective, labour circulation is a logical response to the necessity of operating within two different economic systems typified by different modes of production. This process of articulation is manifest in other ways as well, and households or families may adopt different strategies in operating within two different systems. The particular strategy adopted depends on the labour power available, degree of access to land, and employment possibilities of individual members.
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Labour mobility and economic transformation in Solomon Islands: lusim Choiseul, bae kam baek moa?Friesen, Wardlow. January 1986 (has links)
This thesis examines the relationship of labour mobility and socioeconomic transformation in the Solomon Islands, and proposes that one cannot be understood in isolation from the other. Explanation is pursued both at the levels of structure and of agency, and integration of these levels is attempted in some places. This is discussed in the first part of the thesis, within a general discussion of issues of theory and method. The second part of the thesis deals with the structural parameters of labour mobility. Through the twentieth century, the institutions of government, mission and capitalist enterprise have been central in shaping the Solomon Islands social formation. The roles of these formal institutions with implications for labour mobility have ranged from purveyors of ideology to employers of labour. Another major element in the social formation is an original Melanesian mode of production which influences labour mobility through village-level institutions such as the land tenure system, kinship, and household operation. Labour circulation is a major factor in linking village and non-village institutions, and more abstractly in articulating two different modes of production. The third part of the thesis considers the ways in which individual agency operates within structure. The data base are life histories and related information from the Mbambatana language group on the island of Choiseul. This is integrated with national, regional and village-level structural information. Education is important in the way it 'selects' individuals for certain kinds of employment. This selection process occurs within the wage economy generally, but is further refined within institutions of employment. This results in labour mobility 'streams' which have identifiable characteristics related to gender, education, and employment type. Movements within each 'stream' have typical temporal and spatial characteristics. Patterns of labour mobility, especially sequence, are affected by gender and life cycle factors. For men and women the most critical changes take place in the 20s age span, but individual behaviour varies according to marriage and childrearing patterns. From a village perspective, labour circulation is a logical response to the necessity of operating within two different economic systems typified by different modes of production. This process of articulation is manifest in other ways as well, and households or families may adopt different strategies in operating within two different systems. The particular strategy adopted depends on the labour power available, degree of access to land, and employment possibilities of individual members.
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Labour mobility and economic transformation in Solomon Islands: lusim Choiseul, bae kam baek moa?Friesen, Wardlow. January 1986 (has links)
This thesis examines the relationship of labour mobility and socioeconomic transformation in the Solomon Islands, and proposes that one cannot be understood in isolation from the other. Explanation is pursued both at the levels of structure and of agency, and integration of these levels is attempted in some places. This is discussed in the first part of the thesis, within a general discussion of issues of theory and method. The second part of the thesis deals with the structural parameters of labour mobility. Through the twentieth century, the institutions of government, mission and capitalist enterprise have been central in shaping the Solomon Islands social formation. The roles of these formal institutions with implications for labour mobility have ranged from purveyors of ideology to employers of labour. Another major element in the social formation is an original Melanesian mode of production which influences labour mobility through village-level institutions such as the land tenure system, kinship, and household operation. Labour circulation is a major factor in linking village and non-village institutions, and more abstractly in articulating two different modes of production. The third part of the thesis considers the ways in which individual agency operates within structure. The data base are life histories and related information from the Mbambatana language group on the island of Choiseul. This is integrated with national, regional and village-level structural information. Education is important in the way it 'selects' individuals for certain kinds of employment. This selection process occurs within the wage economy generally, but is further refined within institutions of employment. This results in labour mobility 'streams' which have identifiable characteristics related to gender, education, and employment type. Movements within each 'stream' have typical temporal and spatial characteristics. Patterns of labour mobility, especially sequence, are affected by gender and life cycle factors. For men and women the most critical changes take place in the 20s age span, but individual behaviour varies according to marriage and childrearing patterns. From a village perspective, labour circulation is a logical response to the necessity of operating within two different economic systems typified by different modes of production. This process of articulation is manifest in other ways as well, and households or families may adopt different strategies in operating within two different systems. The particular strategy adopted depends on the labour power available, degree of access to land, and employment possibilities of individual members.
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A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Agricultural Adaptation to Water StressJason Kelly Hawes (7043078) 13 August 2019 (has links)
<p>The future success of agriculture
in arid and semi-arid areas globally will be highly dependent on the ability of
farmers and agricultural systems to adapt to climate change. Most of these
areas, though tremendously productive, suffer from the same limiting resource:
water. As that resource becomes more scarce and availability more difficult to
predict, water managers and farmers will be forced to implement new, creative
solutions to water supply challenges. This anticipated exposure suggests that
an improved understanding of agricultural adaptation to water stress in such areas
is critical to successful outcomes in these regions under a changing climate. This
work focuses specifically on the adaptation strategies employed by farmers,
strategies which are determined by farmers’ assessment of their exposure and
sensitivity to a stressor as well as their capacity to implement changes. This
process of implementing change to limit vulnerability is broadly referred to as
adaptation. </p>
<p> This
project focuses on the Eastern Snake Plain of southeastern Idaho as a case
study in agricultural adaptation to increased water stress. The Eastern Snake
Plain (ESP) is a diverse and productive agricultural basin in the
inter-mountain region of the American West. The region’s primary products are potatoes,
sugar beets, barley, and alfalfa, as well as a significant volume of livestock
dominated by dairy cattle, and each of these products forms a significant share
of the total US market for that crop. More than 74% of this agricultural land
is irrigated, inextricably tying both the future of agriculture and the future
of the Idaho economy to water in the state. In the mid-2000’s, legislators and
water managers from across the plain came together to negotiate a new water
rights settlement, now known as the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Comprehensive
Aquifer Management Plan (CAMP). The negotiations came in response to years of
litigation involving groundwater and surface water conjunctive management in
the region, and the resulting plan was designed to accomplish three goals:
stabilize reach gains in the lower Eastern Snake Plain, replenish Eastern Snake
Plain Aquifer (ESPA) levels, and ensure sustainable water resources for
agricultural, industrial, and domestic users across the basin. Though the water
settlement was not directly caused by climate change, it is likely that water
shortages will become more frequent under climate change, and this settlement
represents a simulation of just such a shortage.</p>
<p>Broadly, this work and the work of
collaborators hope to understand adaptation and decision-making of groundwater
farmers throughout the Eastern Snake Plain as they adapt to the on-average 12.9%
reduction in water availability. This thesis is divided into three primary
sections (Chapters 2, 3, and 4). </p>
<p>Chapter 2 investigates tradeoffs in
adaptation decision making, employing semi-structured interviews to learn more
about tradeoffs as a framework for understanding adaptation more broadly. In
particular, the work seeks to understand the types of tradeoffs present in ESP
adaptation and when and how tradeoffs are implicitly or explicitly
acknowledged. Findings indicate that tradeoffs occur both at the individual and
regional scale and that shifts in crop patterns and irrigation water sourcing
may have important implications for adaptation policy moving forward. </p>
<p>Chapter 3 employs a household
survey and statistical analysis to investigate the iterative and complex
relationships between exposure, adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and
vulnerability. As an early attempt to examine these relationships
quantitatively in the context of US agriculture and water stress, the works
focuses on laying out a clear theoretical and methodological framework for
continued exploration of adaptation and vulnerability in this context. Findings
indicate that under-theorized components of adaptive capacity like linking
capacity and exposure to simultaneous stressors may play important roles in
determining farmer vulnerability in the context of policy-induced water
scarcity. </p>
<p>Chapter 4 is designed to
investigate and develop a novel tool for exploratory work in adaptation,
examining the feasibility and predictive accuracy of an agent-based model of
agricultural adaptation driven by social-psychological decision-making theories
and parameterized using both secondary data sources and primary fieldwork.
Findings indicate that such models may have the potential to produce
well-informed macro-level patterns based on theoretically-informed micro-level
inputs. This has important implications for the broader agent-base modeling
community, and the work concludes with a call for further collaboration between
agent-based modelers and social science theorists. </p>
<p>Collectively, this work seeks to
inform theory on agricultural adaptation and vulnerability, as well as explore
the potential role of theoretically-informed agent-based modeling in
investigating such dynamics. In doing so, it lays the groundwork for future
exploration of these ideas in the Eastern Snake Plain and throughout the arid
American West. </p>
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An examination of culture as a protective mechanism against gender based violence: a case study in Mt Bosavi, Papua New Guinea : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (Development Studies), Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandDogimab, Mirriam Adang January 2009 (has links)
Development literature has not accorded sufficient attention to culture as a positive aspect of development until recently. Hence, in terms of using culture as a protective mechanism against gender-based violence, not much has been investigated or reported, since most studies on gender-based violence have focused more on cultural influences as the cause or effect of violence against women. However, in the case of Papua New Guinea (PNG) culture has always been the focus in regards to genderbased violence, portrayed as the cause of violence against women. Occasionally sources state there are traditional customs or beliefs that protect women from violence, but further explanation is not provided. Hence, this research investigated the question, “How can culture address gender-based violence in contemporary, rural Papua New Guinea?” This study offers an opportunity to view PNG culture as a solution to a problem, instead of as merely a problem to be solved. To investigate how culture can be used positively as a strategy to address genderbased violence, a case study was conducted among the Sulamesi people of Mt Bosavi in the Southern highlands province of PNG. This research was conducted in a rural area because in general Papua New Guineans perceive people living in the villages as the ones living a traditional lifestyle, where established cultural norms and behaviours prevail. Using a qualitative research approach, the research investigated whether there were any traditional protective mechanisms in PNG used to address gender-based violence. This thesis concludes that through the identification of culture-driven protective mechanisms, it can be demonstrated that culture can be used as a strategy to address gender based violence. However, caution must be applied, since not all the protective mechanisms identified are desirable or constructive.
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An examination of culture as a protective mechanism against gender based violence: a case study in Mt Bosavi, Papua New Guinea : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (Development Studies), Massey University, Palmerston North, New ZealandDogimab, Mirriam Adang January 2009 (has links)
Development literature has not accorded sufficient attention to culture as a positive aspect of development until recently. Hence, in terms of using culture as a protective mechanism against gender-based violence, not much has been investigated or reported, since most studies on gender-based violence have focused more on cultural influences as the cause or effect of violence against women. However, in the case of Papua New Guinea (PNG) culture has always been the focus in regards to genderbased violence, portrayed as the cause of violence against women. Occasionally sources state there are traditional customs or beliefs that protect women from violence, but further explanation is not provided. Hence, this research investigated the question, “How can culture address gender-based violence in contemporary, rural Papua New Guinea?” This study offers an opportunity to view PNG culture as a solution to a problem, instead of as merely a problem to be solved. To investigate how culture can be used positively as a strategy to address genderbased violence, a case study was conducted among the Sulamesi people of Mt Bosavi in the Southern highlands province of PNG. This research was conducted in a rural area because in general Papua New Guineans perceive people living in the villages as the ones living a traditional lifestyle, where established cultural norms and behaviours prevail. Using a qualitative research approach, the research investigated whether there were any traditional protective mechanisms in PNG used to address gender-based violence. This thesis concludes that through the identification of culture-driven protective mechanisms, it can be demonstrated that culture can be used as a strategy to address gender based violence. However, caution must be applied, since not all the protective mechanisms identified are desirable or constructive.
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High culture as subculture: Brisbane's contemporary chamber music sceneBurgess, Jean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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