The diploma deals with an analytic evaluation of The European Court of Human Rights adjudication in the matter of D.H. and others versus the Czech Republic. The aim is to ascertain how this verdict has influenced school legislation and the educational practice. The research focuses on discovering whether the Czech Republic has been fulfilling the obligations established by the European Court, and mapping the consequences of the verdict on the practices of the involved parties, which are practical schools, school consultency facilities and the Czech School Inspectorate. The result is a comprehensive description of the steps which the government has made towards eliminating discrimination of Romany pupils in the education system. Based on the foundings, it can be stated that in the upcoming future there should not be any occurences of discrimination of pupils being put to practical schools.

The diploma deals with an analytic evaluation of The European Court of Human Rights adjudication in the matter of D.H. and others versus the Czech Republic. The aim is to ascertain how this verdict has influenced school legislation and the educational practice. The research focuses on discovering whether the Czech Republic has been fulfilling the obligations established by the European Court, and mapping the consequences of the verdict on the practices of the involved parties, which are practical schools, school consultency facilities and the Czech School Inspectorate. The result is a comprehensive description of the steps which the government has made towards eliminating discrimination of Romany pupils in the education system. Based on the foundings, it can be stated that in the upcoming future there should not be any occurences of discrimination of pupils being put to practical schools.

La question des « troubles du comportement » s’inscrit dans une triple perspective, à l’intersection des domaines du social, de la justice et de la clinique, selon trois axes qui interrogent nécessairement les concepts de normes (sociales, juridiques, de santé) et de normalité. Afin de limiter les considérations habituelles sur les déterminismes biologiques dans l’étiologie des troubles du comportement, cette étude met en exergue les facteurs de détermination socio-économiques et culturels, dans le but d’établir que la corrélation avec le milieu défavorisé n’est pas l’effet du hasard. Cette étude postule en effet qu’il existe une forte corrélation entre troubles du comportement et milieu socio-économique défavorisé, milieu d’où peut résulter une faillite de l’environnement familial à l’origine de carences éducatives et affectives, sources d’une « vulnérabilité acquise » favorisant les passages à l’acte qui, entre « déviance », « délinquance » et « pathologie », sont susceptibles d’être interprétés en termes de « troubles de la conduite et du comportement » (TCC).Si la multiplicité des facteurs de risque ne permet pas les simplifications causales, une approche clinique du social tend néanmoins à établir que ces « troubles » résultent également de l’état de notre civilisation, et plus particulièrement du « délitement du lien social », cause et effet des symptômes. Une vulnérabilité narcissique qui n’est pas sans rapport avec une vulnérabilité sociétale inhérente au modèle économique de libre marché fondé sur le déni de l’altérité, c’est-à-dire un « capitalisme pulsionnel » (Stiegler) qui entretient le culte de l’insatiabilité et de la jouissance illimitée, engendrant l’isolement de l’individu et la désintégration de la société. D’où l’intérêt d’une forme d’éducation propice à l’émancipation d’un sujet capable de « faire œuvre de lui-même » (Pestalozzi), mais capable aussi de s’inscrire dans une histoire collective qui le précède.La démarche s’inscrit dans une dialectique moderne affiliée à la psychanalyse, comme méthode d’accès à l’exercice de la « pensée complexe » (Morin), vers une psychologie sociale analytique dans la lignée de l’Ecole de Francfort. Il s’agit donc, comme dit Jacques Pain à la suite de François Tosquelles, de « marcher sur deux jambes » (Marx et Freud), jusqu’au point d’impasse de ce « Réel impossible » (Lacan) qui ouvre la voie à l’indétermination puisqu’il ne permet pas de formaliser simultanément ces deux réalités distinctes : matérielle et psychique. / The "behaviour disorders" topic is a triple perspective subject, with social, legal and clinical approaches, that necessarily interrogate the concepts of norms (social, legal, of health) and normality. In order to limit usual considerations on the biological determinisms in the etiology of behaviour disorders, this study will focus on the main socioeconomic and cultural causes, in order to establish that the correlation with the disadvantaged socioeconomic environment is not a matter of fate. This study postulates indeed there is a strong correlation between behaviour disorders and unprivileged background, which can lead to a failure of the family environment, with educational and emotional deficiencies, sources of an "acquired vulnerability" favouring the acting out which, between "deviance", "delinquency" and "pathology", may be considered as "conduct and behaviour disorders" (TCC).While the multiplicity of risk factors does not allow causal simplifications, a clinical approach to the social tends nevertheless to establish that these "disorders" also result from the state of our civilization, and more particularly from the "dissolution of the social link", cause and effect of the symptoms. A narcissistic vulnerability which is not unrelated to a societal vulnerability inherent to the economic model of free market based on the denial of otherness, that is an "impulsive capitalism" (Stiegler) which maintains the cult of insatiability and unlimited enjoyment, engendering the isolation of the individual and the disintegration of society. Where from the interest of an educational shape convenient to the emancipation of a subject capable "to do work of himself," (Pestalozzi) but also capable to join a collective history that precedes him.The approach joins in a modern dialectic affiliated to the psychoanalysis, as a method of access to the exercise of the "complex thought" (Morin), towards an analytical social psychology in the lineage of the School of Frankfurt. It is thus a question, as Jacques Pain says following François Tosquelles, "to walk on two legs" (Marx and Freud), up to the point of dead end of this "Real impossible" (Lacan), which opens the way to indecision because he does not allow to formalize simultaneously these two different realities: material and psychic.

This thesis deals with education of socially handicapped people in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. It presents approaches and supporting disposals in both countries. The attention is devoted to actual situation in education of socially handicapped children at various degrees of schools. It describes affirmative actions, such as preliminary classes, education assistants in the Czech Republic or zero grades, education assistants and daylong education system in Slovakia. The thesis also sums up several projects focused on socially handicapped, one project focused on Roma children support realized in the Czech republic, three projects focused on education of socially handicapped, their parents' and educators' support, realized in middle Slovakia in years 2011-2015. KEYWORDS education, social handicap, Roma people, affirmative action, preliminary class, education assistant, daylong education system

This thesis investigates Zigenarundersökningen [the Gypsy study] – a socio-medical study of Swedish Roma conducted in 1962-1965. The Study was financed by the National Labour Market Board, which sought scientific information on every adult Roma citizen in order to plan for targeted authority interventions. The socio-medical team used a number of different medical and social techniques, drawing together different kinds of data – from the molecular to the social level – and adding “objective” records from public institutions, which resulted in the creation of detailed and voluminous individual case files. On the basis of these files, the public health specialist John Takman in charge of the socio-medical examinations formulated a professional opinion on each individual and family. During the execution of the study, new scientific and social questions were articulated, resulting in that the originally limited investigation concerning only a smaller group of Roma citizens evolved into a comprehensive research project covering all people identified as Swedish Roma. In this thesis, this expansion is analysed using methodological tools from Science and Technology Studies that focus on the reflexivity between the goals of scientific actors, and the social conditions and problematisations that surround them. In this way, science and policy mutually influence each other in situated practices, which also involves the drawing of scientific boundaries that serve to establish epistemic authority.   Departing from Engin F. Isin’s theory on social citizenship, and its alterities, as constituted in contingent and contextualised social practices, and from Franca Iacovetta’s study of Canadian gatekeepers’ work in cold-war Canada, the thesis investigates how the, with time, increasing and more comprehensive activities of experts and professionals created new dimensions of citizenship. Against this background, the thesis draws the conclusion that the scientific-political examinations of problematised citizenship and citizens in Sweden in the 1960’s, while defining deviance, also defined normality. This implies, furthermore, that scientific measurements and classifications of alterity contributed to constituting those measuring and classifying – the experts and professionals – as virtuous citizens, in accordance with contemporary norms of professionalism and expertise, while the Roma were continually constructed as problematic citizens. Hence, scientific-political activities concerning Swedish Roma in the 1960’s created new spaces of social citizenship, where the contents of both normality and deviance were nuanced and (re)defined.

The thesis "Attitudes of Parents of Intact Children and Children with Disabilities to Inclusive Education" deals with the new paradigm in education, which is a model of inclusive education. The theoretical background focuses on factors influencing the formation of attitudes, including the socialization process, the influence of the environment, families and social stratification, the consequences of social exclusion, racism and xenophobia, ethnocentrism, stereotypes and prejudices. The factual basis of this diploma thesis is focused on the definition of key concepts that are closely related to inclusive education. In this section I looked at the differences between the concepts of integration, inclusion and inclusive education, the legislative framework of inclusive education, the definition of attitudes, health and social disadvantage, and the possibilities of educating disadvantaged pupils. In the empirical part of this diploma thesis were used qualitative methods of research. The key issue was to find out what attitudes are for parents of healthy and disadvantaged pupils, what is the difference between the attitudes of parents of healthy and disadvantaged pupils, what factors affect parents' attitudes and what is their awareness. Half-structured interviews were used to collect these data,...