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This thesis argues that George MacLeod, Church of Scotland minister and popular radio preacher, developed a distinctive Christian social vision whilst working in Govan, in the 1930s. The vision, which called for renewal in corporate worship and a new ‘social gospel’, has been underestimated in its importance. For renewal, he promoted aspects of liturgical and sacramental traditions within Scoto and Anglo-Catholicism and reinterpreted doctrine and scripture in the light of modern scientific and biblical scholarship, encouraging more sophisticated expressions of faith for increasingly literate congratulations. His ‘social gospel’ and new theological profile, influenced by Anglican expressions of ‘Christian Socialism’, developed in response to endemic social injustices within mature capitalist economies, rising collective movements and communist and fascist ideologies, which threatened to remove injustices through violent means. MacLeod sympathised increasingly with political socialism, supporting gradual and peaceful reform. His eclectic vision grew out of experiences of war, the legacy of previous MacLeod Tory paternalists and radical clerics, by the theatre and symbolism of Eastern Orthodox traditions and popular themes within ‘Celtic Christianity’. These reinforced his emphasis on the incarnation, divine immanence, ecumenism and community; themes associated with ‘Christian Socialism’. MacLeod joined John White’s crusade, in the 1930s, to review national religion, the parish system and godly commonwealth ideal. However, admiring the ecumenical movement and figures like John Baillie and William Temple, he sought a united Christian witness across boundaries of nation, ethnicity, class and denomination. Iona, boasting its important pre-reformation Christian witness, seemed to symbolise an indigenous yet ecumenical expression of the faith, during Scotland’s interwar romantic cultural renaissance. This research contextualises his teachings, explains the development of his vision and uncovers the original purpose of the Iona Community he founded in 1938, more fully than any previous research.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited / Left-of-center parties are rhetorically against liberalizing markets, but historical evidence proves otherwise in certain situations. The United States is vitally interested in the democratic and economic success of developing countries, as stated in United States national security strategy. This thesis uses economic institutionalism to examine the occasions on which left-of-center presidents successfully implemented neoliberal economic reforms. Case studies of Chile under President Patricio Aylwin and Brazil under Fernando Henrique Cardoso are used as evidence. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

The thesis examines the reconfiguration of concepts of national identity in postunification Germany in three broad sections. Section one examines the discourse of identity of neoconservatives and critical thinkers between the 1960s and 1980s. Neoconservatives advocated a return to conventional national identity based upon the patriotic identification with indigenous national traditions. Critical thinkers argued for a post-national Constitutional Patriotism based upon the critical reflection of national traditions. Both these approaches are located within the context of conflictual attitudes towards the concepts of "compensation" and "emancipation" in past and present and towards the experience of the National Socialist past. Section two examines the reception of unification within the liberal conservative and neue Rechte milieu. Liberal conservatives sought to synthesise the technocratic Westernisation of the post-war FRG with a traditional national concept. Neue Rechte conservatives rejected "Western" values and perceived in the collapse of Communism the discrediting of both the "utopia" of radical social alternative and also of the Kleinutopie of civil society. The post-Cold War constellation signified for these thinkers the opportunity for a return to pre-1945 traditions of German nationalism and offered an opportunity to relativise the national socialist past. Finally, section three offers an analysis of the reconfiguration of national identity which synthesises the concern for "national" identity with the left-liberal concept of "postnational" identity. The "Westernisation" of the concept of the German nation perceived positive antecedents in the bourgeois emancipation movements of the pre-national nineteenth century. The final chapter elaborates the thesis of a "culture of contrition" for the national socialist past which formulates a radical, "post-national" identity with emancipatory aspirations. The thesis perceives in this latter discourse of "broken" identity an attempt to reconfigure a sense of national "normality" in the present which is predicated upon the acknowledgement of "abnormality" in the past.

The thesis deals with the communist propaganda in Czechoslovakia during the early fifties. The opening part describes the historical context, media system, and establishing of regime's censorship and information monopoly. In the interpretative part, the thesis analyses the ideological stereotypes and mainsprings of propaganda. The thesis applies the method of qualitative media content analysis of daily press and other media types. The communistic ideology is viewed as a systematic and comprehensive "gesamtkunstwerk" influencing the society. The conclusion of the thesis is the interpretation of the ideological mainsprings and theircontext. The thesis shows parallels between principles of construction of the ideological text and mythical stories.

Orientador: José Antonio Segatto / Banca: Maria Célia de Moraes Leonel / Banca: Júlio Cézar Bastoni da Silva / Banca: Claércio Ivan Schneider / Banca: Milton Lahuerta / Resumo: O presente trabalho realiza uma análise da atuação crítica literária, situada no campo do marxismo, de Roberto Schwarz e Carlos Nelson Coutinho. Os referidos autores tratam de importantes escritores brasileiros e, ao fazerem-no, elaboram concepções originais sobre o processo de formação e desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira. Schwarz, analisando a obre de Machado de Assis, descobre o mecanismo privilegiado a partir do qual o escritor fluminense constrói sua obra madura, por meio do tratamento satírico do descompasso existente entre as elites brasileiras e sua incorporação contingencial do pensamento burguês europeu. Coutinho, estudando a obra de Lima Barreto e Graciliano Ramos, demonstra como esses escritores dialogam ativamente com seu contexto social, fornecendo ao leitor uma compreensão crítica e profunda da sociedade - marca de todo grande escritor. A fortuna crítica de Coutinho e Schwarz pressupõe um aprofundamento na realidade social brasileira - a partir de diferentes enfoques, num rico e contínuo debate com a teoria social marxista -, que objetivamos reconstruir os pontos centrais, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas que se abrem a partir de seus trabalhos para, por fim, pensarmos, para além de favoritismos teóricos, um necessário diálogo entre as duas teorias. / Abstract: The present work performs an analysis of the literary critic activity, grounded in the Marxist field, of Roberto Schwarz and Carlos Nelson Coutinho. These authors deal with important Brazilian writers and, in doing so, elaborate original conceptions about the formation and development process of the Brazilian society. Schwarz, analyzing the work of Machado de Assis, discovers the privileged mechanism from which the writer from Rio de Janeiro constructs his mature work, through the satirical treatment of the mismatch between the Brazilian elites and their contingent incorporation of the European bourgeois thought. Coutinho, studying the work of Lima Barreto and Graciliano Ramos, demonstrates how these writers actively dialogue with their social context, providing the reader with a critical and profound comprehension of the society - mark of every great writer. The critical fortune of Coutinho and Schwarz presupposes a deepening on the Brazilian social reality - from different approaches, in a rich and continuous debate with the Marxist social theory -, that we aimed to reconstruct the central points, highlighting the interpretative possibilities that present themselves from their work to think, finally, beyond any theoretical favoritism, a necessary dialogue between the two theories. / Doutor

Working with an approach to the interpretation and analysis of life stories based in the Marxist tradition this study looks at the lives of six teachers of literacy to adults who live and work on The Isle of Thanet in Kent. The study reviews points of divergence between postmodern theories based within a narrative constructionist approach to the interpretation of life stories and a Marxist approach. A case is made for a Marxist approach to life story work being both valid and informative. The first part of the study looks at considerations of methodology as these affect life story work in general and Marxist life story work in particular. Some work from Goethe and Balza is presented to show how Marx's own scientific worldview grew out of wider artistic and scientific traditions beyond those with which it is usually associated. Attention is drawn to the relationship between Marxism and humanism and how both can be brought together to provide a fertile and humane form of social science. The life stories of the six teachers are presented in a form agreed to by those whose stories are told. Three themes emerging from the stories are selected by the researcher for further investigation. These themes are class and identity, managerialism, and place. Each of these three themes is analysed to show the relationship of the six life stories to Marxism. On this basis the argument is then put forward that Marxism itself has an important contribution to make to the academic study of life stories. This final argument forms the substance of the concluding chapter.

Orientador: Marcos del Roio / Banca: Luiz Fernando da Silva / Banca: Ruy Gomes Braga Neto / Banca: Silvia Beatriz Adoue / Banca: Valério Arcary / Resumo: A tese a seguir versa sobre determinado tipo de marxismo inglês, a atividade político-editorial de Perry Anderson e o jornalismo integral da revista de ideias NEW LEFT REVIEW. A hipótese diretiva é de que a milieu da assim-chamada segunda geração desta New Left elaborou um gênero de «Marxismo-Mundo»internacionalista nos "anos das barricadas" (Tariq Ali) da Europa Ocidental. O fazimento histórico deste projeto intelectual inserido em sua formação cultural é um processo social que alentou a uma coetânea e coextensiva atividade de mediação com um duplo caráter: i) a forma-tradução, ou, a insularização / particularização / nacionalização da cultura socialista continental (França/Alemanha/Itália/Rússia) nas Ilhas (Inglaterra) e, daí, ii) a forma-jornalismo, i.e., a sua continentalização / universalização / internacionalização de um tipo sui generis de marxismo, consubstanciado a partir dum nexo identidade-diversidade entre local e global. Os contrastes e as conclusões bem como as predições e os desempenhos lidam necessariamente com a gênese, devir e metamorfoses de historiadores de processos sociais e críticos de ideias tais como Edward Palmer Thompson, Raymond Henry Williams e Eric John Hobsbawm vis-à-vis o grupo intelectual de Perry Anderson / Robin Blackburn / Tom Nairn. Uma "história a contrapêlo" (Walter Benjamin) impõe o repto de desvelar a consciência autoadjudicada que fez da cultura socialista "medíocre e inerte", da Grã-Bretanha, a "mais viva República das Letras" do marxismo contemporâneo do último quartel do Séc. XX. O aforisma «Pessimismo/Otimismo» refletiu/refratou a história da NLR: além do senso comum político e aquém da alta abstração teórica cabe restituir o prisma da NLR em si à luz do tempo histórico. Uma revalorização da trilogia... - (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The following thesis deals with a certain kind of English Marxism, political-editorial activity of Perry Anderson and the integral journalism of the journal of ideas NEW LEFT REVIEW. Its conductive hypothesis is that the milieu of the so-called second generation of this New Left produced a genre of an internationalist «World-Marxism» in "the street-fighting years" (T. Ali) of Western Europe. The historical making of this intellectual project inserted in its cultural formation is a social process that gave birth to a coeval and coextensive doubledcharacter mediation activity: i) translation-form, i.e., insularization / particularization / nationalization of a continental socialist culture (France/Germany/Italy/Russia) in the Islands (UK) and, hence, ii) the journalism-form, or, its continentalization / universalization / internationalization of a sui generis kind of Marxism, consubstantieted in a nexus of identitydiversity on local and global. The contrasts and conclusions and predictions and performances necessarily deals with the genesis, development and metamorphosis of historians of social processes and critics of ideas such as Edward Palmer Thompson, Raymond Henry Williams and Eric John Hobsbawm vis-à-vis the intellectual group of Perry Anderson, Robin Blackburn & Tom Nairn. A "history against the grain" (W. Benjamin) imposes us the challenge of unrevealing the adjudicated consciousness that made the "mediocre and inert" socialist culture of Great-Britain the "Liviest Republic of Letters" of Contemporary Marxism in the last quarter of the Twentieth Century. The aphorism of «Pessimism/Optimism» reflected/refracted the history of NLR: beyond political common sense and before theoretical high abstraction is in order to repair the prism of NLR itself at the light of historical time. A critical revaluation of the ... - (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor