This study seeks to explore variations in the development of racial identities for multiracial Virginians in the 21st century by focusing on the roles that physical appearance, group associations and social networks, family and region play in the process. Simultaneously, this study seeks to explore the presence of autonomy in the racial identity development process. Using Michael Omi and Howard Winant's racial formation theory as the framework, I argue that a racial project termed biracialism, defined as the increase in the levels of autonomy in self identification, holds the potential to contribute to transformations in racial understandings in U.S. society by opposing imposed racial categorization. Through the process of conducting and analyzing semistructured interviews with mixed-race Virginia Tech students I conclude that variations do exist in the identities they develop and that the process of identity development is significantly affected by the factors of physical appearance, group associations and social networks, family and region. Furthermore, I find that while some individuals display racial autonomy, others find themselves negotiating between their self-images and society's perceptions or do not display it at all. In addition to these conclusions, the issues of acknowledging racism, the prevalence of whiteness, assimilation and socialization also emerged as contributors to the identity development process for the multiracial population. / Master of Science

Although there is an inexhaustible interest in leadership, research continues to escalate. One arena of study which has been neglected is leadership in the nonprofit sector. The intent of this dissertation is to see how the leader influences the effectiveness of his organization. Also, organizational culture and socialization will be examined to see if these elements are at the disposal of the leader of this community-based, nonprofit organization to enhance organizational effectiveness. The site for this study is the community-based, nonprofit organization known as Total Action Against Poverty of Roanoke, Virginia (TAP), a Community Action Agency. The Executive Director's role is examined to see how his leadership maintains and enhances this effective nonprofit organization. Whether his leadership nurtures a synergy among the leaders via his influence upon the organizational culture and socialization processes is of particular interest to this study. The question is whether there can be found any conscious recognition of a specific or unified organizational culture and process of socialization, and further, whether there is any evidence that either is intentionally influenced by the leadership. The research design follows the case study methodology. Archival records are reviewed, and qualitative data are gathered from interviews with TAP leadership personnel and individuals who volunteer their services to the organization. The interview questions relate to: leadership influence, the organizational culture and socializtion. Other related data used for further documentation are promotional publications written by the organization's staff and local newspaper articles about the organization. Speeches and writings by the core leaders of TAP are also reviewed. These data provide a vital resource of comparison among the primary actors of the TAP organization, For analysis of data, the computer software program, WordCruncher, is used. / Ph. D.

Thesis advisor: Janet E. Helms / African American parents engage in ethnic-racial socialization practices, which may foster their youths’ racial identity and critical consciousness development, each of which may decrease youths’ race-related stress. The few studies that have examined the relationships between African American youths’ perceived parental ethnic-racial socialization practices and their racial identity or critical consciousness have used inconsistent conceptualizations of racial identity. No studies have compared the effectiveness of different kinds of perceived parental socialization practices on critical consciousness development, nor has previous research demonstrated that critical consciousness is related to reduced stress. In the present study, the perceived parental strategies of Cultural Socialization and Preparation for Bias were investigated to determine how they were related to racial identity and critical consciousness development. Also, effects of racial identity and critical consciousness on racial stress were studied. African American youths, ages 18-24 years (N=139), completed a demographic questionnaire, perceived ethnic-racial socialization measures, a racial identity measure, critical consciousness measures and a measure of race-related stress. Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that parental Cultural Socialization was related to lower levels of Preencounter (conformity), Post-Encounter (confusion), and higher levels of Internalization (self-actualizing) racial identity statuses, and to critical consciousness dimensions of Critical Reflection and Political Efficacy, but lower levels of Critical Action. Parental Preparation for Bias only predicted Preencounter. Critical Reflection was related to high levels of Cultural Race-Related Stress, was negatively related to Institutional Race-Related Stress, and was not related to Individual Race-Related Stress. Each of the other critical consciousness dimensions was related to higher levels of at least one type of race-related stress, rather than lower levels. Immersion/Emersion was related to high levels of all three types of race-related stress. Implications of the findings are that (a) parental Cultural Socialization strategies may be most useful for promoting racial identity and critical consciousness, (b) parental strategies may encourage all aspects of critical consciousness except political action, and (c) with only a couple of exceptions, racial identity and critical consciousness were related to higher stress. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Utilizing a sample of lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parent families with school-age children, results suggested that parents engage in adoption communication less but racial-ethnic socialization more when a child is transracially adopted. No differences were found in lesbian and gay parents socialization practices for adoptive or racial-ethnic identity. Further, lesbian and gay parents engaged in sexual minority parent socialization less than adoptive or racial-ethnic socialization. Children’s self-worth was related to sex but not socialization practices such that girls reported lower self-worth, and no significant associations were present for children’s closeness. Children’s age, sex, and transracial adoptive status were predictive of their understanding of adoption and only children’s age was predictive of their recognition of sexual minority parent socialization. Children’s sex and transracial adoptive status as predictors of understanding of adoption have not yet been reported on in the literature. Further, no work has reported on associations between parent and child socialization practices in the context of sexual minority parent socialization. The implications of differences emerging in parent socialization frequency (i.e., racial-ethnic communication higher than adoptive communicative openness), as well as how children’s sex and transracial adoptive status contribute to children’s understanding of adoption will be discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the socialization of English instructors at preparatory schools of Turkish universities at organization, department and task levels, and various individual (academic degree, teaching experience, length of employment at current work place, job satisfaction, commitment, and self-efficacy) and organizational (type of university, training, work conditions, knowledge sharing) variables. A pilot study with 225 instructors from four universities was conducted to confirm the validity of Haueter, Macan, and Winter&rsquo / s (2003) Newcomer Socialization Questionnaire (NSQ) adapted into Turkish. Although the results of exploratory factor analysis in the pilot study did not reveal supportive results for the structures in NSQ, results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated moderate fit for the structures in the scale. The main study was designed as a correlational study and the participants comprised of 737 English instructors working at 16 public and private universities selected from four cities in Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via cluster sampling. In order to collect the data, an inventory consisting of three parts made up of self-developed and pre-developed scales was utilized. The first part consisted personal questions about education, age, gender and length of employment of the participants. The second part included questions about training and work conditions of the participants. The items related to training and work conditions were developed by the researchers. The third and final part of the inventory consisted of five separate scales for measuring both the predicted and predictor variables. Turkish adaptation of three-dimensional Organizational Socialization Scale, which was self-developed, and the Turkish version of three-dimensional Teachers&rsquo / Sense of Efficacy Scale developed and validated by &Ccedil / apa, &Ccedil / akiroglu, and Sarikaya,(2005), three-dimensional Organizational Commitment Scale developed and validated by Wasti (1997), Job Satisfaction and Knowledge Sharing scales developed by Kondak&ccedil / i and Haser (2011), all of which were pre-developed were utilized to measure the predictors of organizational socialization. Both descriptive and inferential statistics techniques were used for the data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for the self-developed Organizational Socialization Scale, and confirmatory factor analyses for the pre-developed Teachers&rsquo / Efficacy Scale, Organizational Commitment Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale and Knowledge Sharing Scale were conducted within the scope of this study. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses was carried out in order to investigate the relationship between organizational socialization and its predictors. Descriptive, inferential and multiple regression statistical analyses were performed by the software PASW Statistics 18 and the confirmatory factor analysis was performed by the software AMOS 18. The results of the main study revealed that socialization of English instructors to the organization, department, and task are significantly predicted by several organizational and individual variables. Among organizational variables knowledge sharing and training are the most significant ones / and among individual variables, job satisfaction, self-efficacy for instructional strategies, and affective commitment are the most significant ones. In this respect, the practitioners in the field should provide necessary conditions so as to promote and improve knowledge sharing, job satisfaction, appropriate training in the work place, as well as offering opportunities for instructors to improve their self-efficacy as a teacher and satisfaction with the job, which can lead to increase in affective commitment.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute with knowledge regarding the connection between the socialization process and the organizational commitment perceived by junior accountants. Based on Van Maanen and Schein's (1979) model, we intend to identify and describe how selected socialization strategies affect junior accountants’ perceived affective, continuous and normative commitment during the initial five years in the firm. Research methodology: Semi-structured interview was chosen as the key approach for gathering essential data. Interviews were conducted at three major accounting firms with a total of eight interview participants. The study has a qualitative approach because of the ability to go in depth on the studied phenomenon. Conclusion: The socialization process consists of individual, informal, sequential, fixed, serial, and investiture strategies. A predetermined training program runs along the process however, which entails elements of a collective and formal approach. This study shows that several strategic choices in the socialization influence the affective and normative organizational commitment of junior accountants. The junior accountants find they can act according to their own values and affect their horizontal position in the organization. The study also indicates that the training program stimulates creation of contacts throughout the organization and gives assistants a feeling of obligation to "repay" the organization for the investment made in them.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-03-27T19:21:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbarbosafurtado.pdf: 1606850 bytes, checksum: 86ef01a40d585ad9e0695b8014e75a7f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T19:22:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbarbosafurtado.pdf: 1606850 bytes, checksum: 86ef01a40d585ad9e0695b8014e75a7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T19:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelbarbosafurtado.pdf: 1606850 bytes, checksum: 86ef01a40d585ad9e0695b8014e75a7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho versa sobre o conceito de socialização política sob um enfoque do processo de socialização e a forma pelo qual o fenômeno que o conceito de socialização abarca se dá entre um grupo de jovens juiz-foranos através das agências de socialização envolvidas. Se almejou investigar quais são as agências de socialização política de maior relevância e a atuação delas sobre estes indivíduos. É proposto uma discussão do conceito de socialização política através da apresentação de seu desenvolvimento histórico e críticas referentes a ele. No trabalho, uma amostra de sessenta jovens da cidade de Juiz de Fora, participantes de um projeto de educação política do poder legislativo estadual, interpretado no presente trabalho como uma experiência constituinte do processo de socialização política, é analisada através de dados quantitativos preliminares recolhidos por um survey e de uma entrevista, vista como um estudo de caso deste processo, em busca de dados qualitativos. O presente estudo traz uma análise dos dados recolhidos a luz da bibliografia percorrida, corroborando com o papel que as agências de socialização possuem na socialização política dos jovens e da percepção de estudos recentes quanto a internet como uma nova agência socializadora de grande importância para os jovens, trazendo algumas reflexões referente aos papéis que os jovens cumprem também enquanto agentes de socialização política. / The present work deals with the concept of political socialization under a focus of the socialization process and the way in which the phenomenon occurs among a group of young through the socialization agencies involved. It was hoped to investigate which agencies of political socialization have greater relevance and they act on these individuals. It is proposed a discussion of the concept of political socialization through the presentation of historical development and criticisms concerning it. In the study, sixty young people from the city of Juiz de Fora-MG, participants in a project of political education of the state legislative power, interpreted in the present work as a constituent experience of the process of political socialization, is analyzed through preliminary quantitative data collected by a survey and an interview, seen as a case study of this process, in search of qualitative data. The present study provides an analysis of the data collected in the light of the bibliography, corroborating the role of socialization agencies in the political socialization of young people and the perception of recent studies about the Internet as a new socializing agency of great importance for young people, bringing some reflections on the roles that young people also as agents of political socialization.

When an employee joins new workplaces, an introduction is made to get to know the new organization. In 2020, the pandemic affected this introduction for new employees, and it was moved from the workplace to the home. This study aims to investigate how organizational socialization strategies in the manufacturing industry have affected new employees' expectations of social and cultural reality when boarding takes place online. The study concerns research in organizational culture and knowledge dimensions and socialization strategies, which helps new employees understand organizational socialization to respond to the study's identified problem area. The research uses primary and secondary data, which is largely obtained through semi-structured interviews with two HR employees, two managers and two new employees from two multinational companies, Hilti (Company A) and Johnson & Johnson (Company B) and secondary data obtained from the chosen theory and selected using non-probability assessment The empirical results presented responses to the organization culture of business organizations , integration process, socialization activities, challenges in recruiting new members and the potential to employees remotely. The analysis of empirical results is divided into three sections, respondents' perceptions of the company's social and cultural reality, organizational socialization strategies and organizations for community organizations. The results show that online on-boarding of new employees is affected by the distance between the business and the new employee. The study shows that integrating new employees via online on-boarding has a negative impact if they are carried out through a social process as the study shows that shortcomings in the ability of new employees to embrace organizational culture, men who it is difficult to be with the organization as a new employee when online on-boarding takes place.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of South Africa, 2002.

Illegal political activity has always been part of a democratic society. Despite this, not much is known about young people’s involvement in these political activities. Research portrays political influence attempts of this kind in different terms; as troublesome for the democratic political system, as expressions of conscious decisions vital for humanity’s future, and yet other times as illustrations of a coming-of-age rebellion. Overall there is a lack of collective knowledge on illegal political activity, and especially in adolescence – the age period when these political activities seem to peak. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to enhance knowledge of involvement in illegal political activity in adolescence. This dissertation addresses this task in four empirical studies. Results show that mostly boys engage politically with illegal political means. Adolescents involved are also interested in politics, believe in their own abilities to take part in political activities, have long-term political goals, and approve of violent political tactics. In addition, these activities also seem to associate with a challenge of authority. This could be seen in how political dissatisfaction was translated into illegal political activity, and in the way these activities seemed to be reactions to a non legitimized parental authority. Besides authority challenges, these activities are likely the result of important peer relations; influences from peers with experiences of illegal political activity seem to be a most probable answer to why adolescents adopt these political means. Taken together, the results of this dissertation show that adolescents involved in illegal political activity are well-equipped for political involvement, challenge authorities in most contexts of their lives, and are likely to adopt these political means from already involved peers.