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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Environmental Work and its Indicators, from International to Municipal level

Krische, Ronja January 2009 (has links)
Environmental work at different societal levels has different prerequisites and responsibilities. The aim of the thesis is to describe and compare the environmental strategies, programs, and indicators on the international regional (European Union), national (Sweden), sub national regional (County of Stockholm) and municipal (Upplands Väsby) levels, and see if there is consistency between the societal levels. The organization behind the environmental strategies, program, and indicators is large. Communication, distribution of data and information, as well as feedback are important aspects of the environmental work. This has also been studied in the thesis. All type of work has its obstacles, for the environmental work the main obstacles are, lack of: resources, political will, dedicated civil servants; and also the organization itself. There is consistency between environmental aims, but not between the environmental indicators used on the societal levels. Creating a common indicator system would improve this. Economic aspects play an important part in the environmental work. / Alla samhällsnivåer har olika förutsättningar och ansvar för miljöarbetet. Den här rapporten undersöker miljöarbetet och dess indikatorer på fyra samhällsnivåer, nämligen: internationellt regionala (Europeiska Unionen, EU), nationella (Sverige), nationellt regionala (Stockholms län) och den kommunala nivån (Upplands Väsby). Målet är att beskriva de strategier, program och indikatorer som finns inom miljöområdet på dessa nivåer, samt att jämföra dem och se om de är konsekventa. Dessutom studerar rapporten om det finns några hinder i miljöarbetet och hur kommunikationen mellan de olika samhällsnivåerna fungerar. På EU-nivån har Lissabon strategin, Strategin för hållbar utveckling och det sjätte miljöhandlingsprogrammet studerats och beskrivits. När det gäller indikatorer har fokus lagts på de så kallade ”Structural Indicators”. På den nationella nivån har fokus lagts på miljökvalitetsmålen, arbetet med dessa och tillhörande indikatorer. Detta för att dessa mål ska ha den högsta prioriteringen i svenskt miljöarbete. Även på den nationellt regionala nivån har miljökvalitetsmålen stor betydelse. I Stockholm finns även ett regionalt miljöhandlingsprogram, med fokus på vatten och avlopp, samt resor och transporter. När det gäller den kommunala nivån har det först beskrivits generellt hur miljöarbetet kan gå till och om indikatorer. Sedan har fokus lagts på Upplands Väsby och deras specifika miljöarbete och indikatorer. När det gäller svårigheter i miljöarbetet har detta främst påträffats på kommunal nivå, de största svårigheterna är brist på: resurser (ekonomiska, personal och tid), politisk vilja och engagerade tjänstemän, samt att själva organisationen kan vara ett hinder. Kommunikationen mellan de olika samhällsnivåerna har brister, det är främst den kommunala nivån som inte känner sig tillräckligt informerad. Dessutom är det liten efterfrågan på kommunens resultat. När det gäller likheten mellan samhällsnivåerna, så är målen för de olika strategierna och programmen jämförbara mellan de olika nivåerna. Däremot är det stor skillnad mellan indikatorerna. Detta leder antagligen till att mycket extraarbete görs för att samla data till alla dessa indikatorer. Ett sätt att förbättra detta är att skapa ett gemensamt indikatorsystem. Förslaget för systemet är ett indikatorset som består av indikatorer som är samma på alla samhällsnivåer, system indikatorer, sedan indikatorer som bestäms på varje samhällsnivå och används på bara den, nivå indikatorer. Tillsist finns det även indikatorer som kan beslutas om och används i enskilda kommuner eller län, enhets indikatorer. / <p>www.ima.kth.se</p>
2

Workplace perceived gender discrimination in the Bahraini banking sector : a case analysis of Islamic and conventional banks

Alalawi, Esam Ismaeel January 2017 (has links)
This qualitative study explores the interrelationship between perceived gender discrimination and its antecedents and consequences while examining the concept of the glass ceiling that presents some barriers to the career advancement of Bahraini female workers in the banking sector. The study examines female bankers’ perception of the existence of both gender discrimination and the glass ceiling concept in this sector. It first examines the factors that cause such phenomena at three different levels namely societal, institutional and individual. The study then verifies the effects of some identified antecedents i.e. whether they foster or lower the perceived gender discrimination and how such effects happen. Furthermore, the study examines the same factors to ascertain if they are barriers that hinder women’s career advancement or enablers that support their advancement as there is a lack of empirical studies on the effect of the factors of the three mentioned levels to women’s career advancement especially in non-western context (Tlaiss, 2010; Hejase et al., 2013; Yokkongdi & Benson, 2005). The study also examines the consequences of perceived gender discrimination that occurs at the individual level. Some previous studies related to this research topic adopted the quantitative approach, hence; this is a qualitative based research that examines the perception of the respondents whose experiences and opinions expound the context. This led to understanding subjective areas such as respondents’ emotions and experiences that address the nature of perceived gender discrimination and the concept of glass ceiling in the Bahraini banking sector, focusing on “How” and “Why” type of questions instead of stressing on the quantities. The existing literature of gender discrimination especially about the area of underrepresentation of female workers in higher positions especially in financial services sector including banking is minimal. (Bruckmuller & Branscombe, 2010; Elumti et al., 2009; Durbin & Conley, 2010). This approach unveils the research questions by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with 26 Bahraini females as most of the previous studies examined both male and female perceptions while this research focusing at female only to make it more gender specific. The respondents hold managerial and non-managerial positions in both Islamic and conventional banks in the kingdom of Bahrain. The aim of the interview was to extract their perceptions on the factors and the consequences of gender discrimination as well as the barriers and challenges that hinder their advancement to higher managerial levels. The study captures the factors and the consequences of gender discrimination as well as the most common barriers that impede the Bahraini females’ career advancement within an Islamic and Arabic cultural context. The themes that emerged from the analysis are used to discuss the research issues in the light of previous research findings from different empirical studies. This study identifies different ways of finding factors of perceived gender discrimination and their effects as well as the challenges that may hinder the women’s career advancement in this sector. This study discovers that perceived gender discrimination exists in the Bahraini banking sector especially in areas such as hiring preference and receiving of benefits and compensations. This study also unearths the existence of glass ceiling, which is related to the gender inequality in the advancement opportunities to higher positions especially in the areas such as obtaining a promotion and holding managerial positions in the banks. The study finds out various factors that cause the perceived gender discrimination and the glass ceiling in the Bahraini banking sector which are classified at three levels as explained above.

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