The aim of this study is to illustrate and analyze the future visions of museums and what the future visitor of museums will be. This will be done through a discourse analysis supplemented with interviews with persons involved in the museum field. The questions at issue are how the future of museums is discussed, expressed, and described in the future visions of the for this study chosen museum actors. Furthermore this study will look into what role the visitor of museums is going to take in the future of museums. It will also study how museums should conduct themselves to the visitor of future museums. And finally, what do future museums seek to achieve in the future? Museums of today are reaching out towards their visitors and hence the museums have gone from being storage for cultural heritage to become active learning environments for the people. Museums seek to achieve a sustainable future in the social-, environmental-, and economical area. Diversity should also be developed within the activities of the museums, both when it comes to qualifications and to work for development in society as a whole. Knowledge of the Swedish society and its history are likely to play a great role in the future of museums seeing that museums can be looked upon as an institution of knowledge. In this respect the cooperation with universities and colleges are of great importance since it gives an increased credibility for the visitor both when it comes to knowledge and research, as well as democracy and diversity. In this time of change lies also the change in the role of the visitor. The future visitor of museums will no longer play the passive part of the listener and recipient of information. The future visitor will play a more active role in the process and product of the museums. This change is in part a result of the digital technology that today is a great part of people’s lives. Museums develop the individual visitor’s motivation and involvement in the community as a bridge between the past, the present and a future.

No description available.

It is the purpose of this study to determine, so far as possible, the standing or success of industrial arts as a better type of training to fit the present generation for successful living in the industrial society of the present day.

This thesis is a practice-based investigation into the articulation of pain beyond representation in contemporary art practice today – in particular the art created under the shadow of violence – conducted by prolonged actions that strive against this concept of a representational logic. Exploring the contemporary Colombian conflict as my case study, the aim of my work is to ask if it is possible to move past the existing logics of representation through a form of making, that when confronted by the distressing sensations of conflict shatters its existing logics. My visual practice is concerned with actions that embody the performative dynamics of movement, in which reality itself gets inscribed into the created images, by retaining a trace of the context that surrounds and affects what is rendered too painful to be articulated and exists silently beyond description in the work. In Colombia, trauma has clearly become culturally transitive; it affects society as a whole through the recurring accumulation of events and the generational transmission of unprocessed histories, obstructing cultural digestion. As such, this practice-based research is situated within complex relations of contemporary culture, social forces, and past and present historical events. At present, under circumstances of constant sociopolitical conflict, this thesis argues that art must register but cannot hope to master what must be approached and confronted through prompting change by poignancy as opposed to puncture. Thus, this thesis proposes a new practical and theoretical interpretation for art practice that engages with this problematic: the reality of extreme pain, which may be forgotten by being remembered through persistent gestural actions of healing as erasure, which draw on affective levels capable of shifting subjectively a caring understanding and an elaboration of such pain. My contribution to the field of art practice is primarily offered through my practical work, which here presents a passage to beyond through the Matrixial sphere and its healing notions of art; the objective being to form a link between remembering and forgetting by engaging acts of endurance, in which I use making as a reaction performed with-in or against the accumulated memory that exists as an active and present-negative force inside the reality of conflict and war. In and through my work I attempt an utterance, which is complicated, censored and interrupted by trauma, yet always striving to find ways to transform its ever-building burdens.

No description available.

Cyclophosphamid (Endoxan) ist ein zytostatisches Medikament, welches wegen seiner immunsuppressiven Wirkung eine breite Anwendung in der Therapie systemischer Autoimmunerkrankungen findet. Es wird als Medikation bei schwerer chronisch-progressiver Multipler Sklerose empfohlen, um die weitere Progredienz einzuschränken oder zu verhindern. Bisherige klinische Studien über den Wert dieses therapeutischen Einsatzes liefern aber kontroverse Ergebnisse. Aus diesem Grund erschien es sinnvoll, die über einen längeren Zeitraum an der Neurologischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg mit der Cyclophosphamid-Therapie bei MS-Patienten gesammelten Erfahrungen in einer retrospektiven Analyse darzustellen. Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen 1983 und 2000 wurden 118 MS Patienten (75 Frauen, 43 Männer, durchschnittliches Alter zu Beginn der Therapie 46,6 ± 8,5 Jahre, durchschnittliche Krankheitsdauer zu Beginn der Therapie 9,7 ± 5,1 Jahre) mit Cyclophosphamid behandelt. 103 Patienten (87%) litten an chronisch progressiver MS (69 SPMS, 25 PPMS, 5 CP, 4 CP mit RR) und 2 an einem schubförmigen Verlauf. Bei den meisten Patienten war eine rapide Verschlechterung (Mittlerer EDSS-Wert 6,5), mit Gefahr des Gehverlustes, Grund für den Therapiebeginn. Die Induktionstherapie wurde mit 350 mg/m2 Körperoberfläche Cyclophosphamid, zumeist in Kombination mit 1000mg Methylprednisolon, über 3 - 5 Tage eingeleitet und mit 600 - 1000 mg/m2 in 4 - 12-wöchigen Abständen beibehalten. Die EDSS-Werte wurden zu Beginn, jährlich und nach Beendigung der Therapie erfasst. Der Progressions-Index wurde als Quotient aus EDSS-Wert und Krankheitsdauer definiert. Ergebnisse: 63 Patienten erhielten Cyclophosphamid länger als ein Jahr und wurden eingehender untersucht. Die vorherrschenden Gründe für einen vorzeitigen Therapieabbruch waren weitere Progression (n=18) oder nicht tolerable Nebenwirkungen (n=9). Zwei Patienten nahmen die Therapie nach einer Pause wieder auf. Die länger als ein Jahr behandelten Patienten vertrugen die Therapie gut. Nebenwirkungen wurden von 82 % berichtet, wobei die meisten als mild bezeichnet wurden (WHO Grad 1). Bei 9 % waren sie schwerwiegend (WHO Grad 2), bei weiteren 10 % führten sie zum Therapieabbruch (WHO Grad 3). Die durchschnittliche Behandlungsdauer betrug 28,8 +/- 12,3 Monate, mit einer durchschnittlichen kumulativen Dosis von 12,3 ± 7,4 g. Der durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeitraum betrug 39,3 ± 28,7 Monate. Der mittlere EDSS-Wert stieg signifikant von 5,0 auf 6,25 in den zwei Jahren vor Therapiebeginn, blieb stabil während der Behandlung und stieg nach Beendigung der Therapie weiter auf 7,0. Parallel dazu war der Progressions-Index am höchsten bei Therapiebeginn mit 0,64, fiel zum Ende der Therapie auf 0,50 und sank weiter auf 0,44 während des Follow-Ups. 71% blieben stabil während der Behandlung, 13% verbesserten sich, und 16% verschlechterten sich. Schlussfolgerung: Die Daten dieser retrospektiven Analyse zeigen, dass bei Versagen der Standardtherapie einer schweren chronisch-progredienten Multiplen Sklerose Cyclophosphamid in Form einer Induktionstherapie mit Auffrischzyklen alle 4-12 Wochen im Rahmen einer Eskalationstherapie effektiv und vertretbaren NW eingesetzt werden kann. / Cyclophosphamide is a cytostatic medication is widely appied due to its immuno-suppressive potential in the thapy of auto-immun diseases. It is recommended in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in order to prevent further disease progression although clinical evidence is limited. This retrospective study evaluates clinical data of the University Hospital of Neurology, Wuerzburg. Results: Cyclophosphamid is effective and safe in therapy-refractory Multiple sclerosis.

The inter american convention to eradicate all violence against women (also known as Convención de Belém do Pará, signed in 1994 ) was the first international treaty which purpose is to assure women a life free from physical, psychological and/or other forms of violence. In that sense, it actually turns the debate of men’s violence against women into a human rights debate. In this paper I will analyze how Latin American countries are coping with their obligations from Convención de Belém do Pará from a comparative legal studies perspective. I will discuss how gendered violence, femicides and attempted femicide is addressed in the national legal codes of fou Latin American countries. I will use a comparative legal method and attempt to point to historical, social, cultural and political explanations behind legislation in these countries in the aftermath of Belem Do Para. Finally, I will point to that I find that there are several key areas that are neglected currently in Latin America’s legislations. Firstly, prevention is not given enough room in current legislations. Furthermore, specifically vulnerable groups (i.e. sex workers, minorities, poor women, rural women et cetera) are not in any country provided with special protection. Also, the judiciary dealing with violence against women in Latin America, mainly lack special preparation to investigate and advice on gendered violence in general, and deadly gendered violence (femicides) in particular. Nevertheless, the overall development of inclusion of legislation targeting femicides is positive, and further steps to expand the current protection should be encouraged throughout the region.

Faculty of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy 0107750d VANNIEKERKD@mweb.co.za / The prescription habits of general practitioners are continually under the scrutiny of ethical critics. There are numerous factors that influence a practitioner’s decision as to which antihypertensive agents to prescribe for the treatment of hypertension. As outlined in various international and national guidelines for the management of hypertension, the recommended treatment depends on ethnicity, current life-style, diet, smoking, age, gender, family history and possible underlying or secondary conditions such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, isolated systolic hypertension, myocardial infarction, pregnancy, and evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke or peripheral vascular disease. Currently the control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension is far from optimal with over 70% of hypertensive patients being reported as having imperfect control. A number of factors related to the patient, the practitioner or the medication may explain the high incidence of inadequate blood pressure control. One possible explanation for the poor control of blood pressure may be that practitioners fail to comply with the guidelines. Hence the aim of my study was firstly to determine whether a practitioner’s decision as to which medication to prescribe in the treatment of hypertension is influenced by the Southern African Hypertension Society Guidelines. Secondly, in an attempt to assess the validity of the results of the primary analysis, the actual prescription habits (MediCross® database) were assessed and compared to the general practitioner’s recall of their prescription habits. Questionnaires were distributed to 320 MediCross® practitioners and prescription habits were identified and substantiated by the screening of an existing MediCross® database. I chose as my sample MediCross® general practitioners, as they are demographically representative of all major urban areas in South Africa; likely to be open-minded to supporting research and answering questionnaires (as MediCross® is part of a Clinical Research Site Management Organisation); and I had access to the database of the prescriptions made by MediCross® practitioners hence enabling me to fulfil my second objective. However, it must be kept in mind that these practitioners are representative of general practitioners in urban areas only (as the title of my research report indicates). My results show that 33.1% adhere to the guidelines (when a non-conservative definition of diuretics is used); 27% have heard of the guidelines and have a copy of them. When asked to give their own opinion however, 39% thought they adhered to the guidelines. The results also show that ACE inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed drug class for uncomplicated hypertension but a comparison to a MediCross® database, of which the quality is questionable, does not support this. As the response rate to the questionnaires was only 24.7%, these results are only a pilot study; however they suggest that few general practitioners use the guidelines or even have a copy of the guidelines. This pilot study suggests that the guidelines need to be distributed more widely. Furthermore the general practitioners that responded to the questionnaire indicated that the management of hypertension is difficult in that there is no single treatment regimen appropriate for all populations and each different patient. It was also their view that clinical guidelines for the management of hypertension should more accurately reflect the uncertainty of when to initiate treatment and individual variation if they are going to take these guidelines seriously and comply with them.

Thesis (M.Arch. (Professional))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning, 2013. / The current perception that engulfs borders and their posts is one of fear, apprehension and hostility. The essay seeks to formulate a new approach through which to view a border. Borders are places of cultural collision and richness, forming a type of hybrid, described best through the metaphor of theatre. This exploration is divided into three topics, namely security, immigration and the human experience, and culture and the border as theatre. Conceptual architectural projects by Lebbeus Woods, Office KGDVS and Rem Koolhaas are examples of how this thinking can be realised through architectural possibilities. It is therefore the intention of this thesis to express these ideas through the proposal of a new border post at Beitbridge, situated between South Africa and Zimbabwe. The development of no man’s land, or the ‘Space of Cultural Possibilities’ provides an opportunity to create a platform where the random encounters between travellers is encouraged. The transition from one country to another becomes a vibrant an unanticipated experience that seeks to shift the negative perception, built on fear, illegality and the questioning of one’s identity, to one that exposes the cultural richness of a place where multitudes of nationalities are filtered through a single gateway.

Företagsrekonstruktion är ett förfarande som regleras i lagen om företagsrekonstruktion, (1996:764), LFR, och syftar till att rekonstruera livsdugliga företag och således undvika onödiga konkurser. I Finland finns ett motsvarande förfarande vilket kallas företagssanering och det förfarandet regleras i lagen om företagssanering (25.1.1993/47), LFS. Sedan tillkomsten av LFR har antalet konkurser minskat. Organisationen World Bank rangordnar olika länders insolvensrättsliga lagstiftningar utefter vissa variabler där Finland placerar sig över Sverige. I Sverige föreligger det viss problematik i att företag som saknar grund för rekonstruktion utnyttjar LFR:s bristfälliga reglering för att erhålla exempelvis lönegaranti. En aktuell händelse visar på detta efter ett beslut från Ystad tingsrätt mål Ä 2578-18 (Ringduve Taxi) där ett taxibolag beviljats rekonstruktion trots att de inte haft förutsättningarna för det. Syftet med studien är dels att jämföra de skillnader och likheter som föreligger mellan LFR och LFS dels undersöka hur LFR bör utformas och ändras för att inte användas som ett brottsverktyg. Mot bakgrund av studiens syfte är utgångspunkterna Ystad tingsrätts beslut gällande Ringduve Taxi för att påvisa problematiken. Samt ytterligare beslut från domstolar, förarbeten och riktlinjer för att med hjälp av en rättsdogmatisk och komparativ metod diskutera och försöka ge förslag på hur LFR kan förbättra dess vaga utformning. Efter analys och diskussion av ovan anförda material kan jag konstatera att det föreligger en rad likheter och skillnader gällande rekonstruktionsförfarandet i svensk och finländsk rätt. Den finländska regleringen har en annan syn på sin insolvensrättsliga lagstiftning vilket innebär att LFS är mer komplett än LFR. LFS är i större grad preciserad och detaljerad till skillnad från LFR samt att det i LFS finns reglerat ett skadeståndsansvar gällande utredaren. Den största skillnaden mellan lagstiftningarna är möjligheten att hindra en rekonstruktion av ett krisdrabbat företag. Flertalet hinder finns reglerat i 2 kap. 7 § LFS medan det i LFR endast ställs upp ett hinder i 2 kap. 6 § LFR. LFS är enligt mig en lag som Sverige bör hämta inspiration ifrån, tillsammans med utredningarnas förbättringsförslag, vid en reform av lagstiftningen eftersom den är mer komplett och ger svar på de frågor som LFR har. Om Sverige skulle komma att använda den finländska lagstiftningen som förebild vid en reform är det ett steg i rätt riktning som kommer att ändra rekonstruktionsförfarandets status och motverka att förfarandet utnyttjas för ett annat ändamål än det var tänkt. Eftersom fler hinder ställs upp kommer inte företag, som saknar grund, att kunna erhålla statliga medel som de inte skulle fått från början. Det blir således även ett kostnadseffektivt förfarande vilket bör medföra en större attraktion till förfarandet i sig och att fler livsdugliga företag kan fortsätta leva, vilket förfarandet syftar till.