This thesis aims to highlight the problems with statutory employment protection available to workers when the employer imposes new qualification requirements in connection with the reorganization. The purpose of this thesis is also that from an intersectional perspective, examine the societal implications employers for new skill requirements, in the knowledge society. The methods used to fulfill the purpose of the essay is legal dogmatic. This has been applied in order to determine what is the law in relation to the new qualification requirements at the reorganization of the business. Furthermore has a sociological analysis applied to study the social implications employers new qualification requirements may be. This analysis has assumed an intersectional perspective of power. The conclusions that emerged through the essay indicates the law of today primarily protects workers with formal qualifications as university education or vocational training. Informal qualifications in terms of experience and length of employment is not as highly valued. Furthermore, it has been concluded that the strongest protection for workers in today's labor is itself being an active part in providing themselves with the skills and knowledge their current job seems to require. The impact of the new formal proficiency requirements may in society from an intersectional perspective are that it shapes new classes in society by those who lack the required qualifications tend to be marginalized from the labor market. Hardened seems the workers suffer who established themselves in the labor market at a time when traditional production professions and other less skilled occupations did not require training. Employers new qualification requirements may thus negative effects on many older workers but also other workers who lack the education and workers with different ethnicity. Changed qualification requirements may thus be justification for structural discrimination. Partly by qualification requirements in itself makes some people do not achieve the requirements, but also to the legislation today formally fair and neutral, which means that it does not take into account substantive injustice and people's different conditions to acclimatize to the new labor market qualification requirements.

This thesis examines how transnational advocacy networks operate across local, national, regional and international arenas. It takes a close look at the nature of peasant resistance and civil society in Mali, and explores how these interact with campaign and advocacy activities of Northern-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The central argument of this thesis is that these encounters have strengthened an elite, while marginalising alternative perspectives. This has happened through the collision of actors’ diverse interests, through competition between distinct framings of debate, and through differences in modes of political participation which reflect the power dynamics of the political arenas in which actors are rooted. The thesis is informed by the results of qualitative fieldwork research, which was carried out, mainly in Mali, between 2006 and 2008. By identifying the nature of connections and disconnections between actors at multiple levels, the thesis contributes to a more nuanced understanding of transnational civil society action.

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published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

This study investigates the sphere of gender relations in rural Rembau, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, a state long famous for its 'matriliny'. The central aim of the thesis is to explore the significance of this historically reconstituted 'matriliny' for women's situation, arguing for a re-examination of the clasfc debates ri about 'matriliny'. This re-examination is conducted by an analysis of the complex relationships between economic and political developments in the agrarian economy, kinship relations and gender relations. The thesis first briefly looks at the historical material on Rembau 'matriliny', suggesting that this has been reified both in the literature and in local Rembau discourse. It then explores the interplay between local social forms and the political and economic changes in the wider society, giving detailed material on women's and men's activities and land owning in a situation of a declining village economy and massive out-migration. The following chapters examine aspects of domestic production, class and gender differentiation, kinship relations and practices, household relations, marriage, sexuality and childrearing. The concluding chapter explores the ways that Rembau women's autonomy is being undermined by contemporary developments in the Malaysian economy. The central argument of the thesis stresses the intervention of. capitalist class interests and the colonial state in reconstituting a 'matrilineal' peasantry characterised by non-capitalist relations of production within subsistence and petty commodity producing sectors. Stressing the historical specificities of developments in Malay(si)a, it rejects functionalist theorisations implying a symbiotic rektionship between non-capitalist enclaves and the dominant capitalist sector. The thesis also argues that most previous attempts to characterise the linkages between these sectors and the dominant capitalist sectors in many parts of the Third World have been blind to the significance of gender differentiation within so-called peasant sectors. An attempt is made to show how deconstructing the peasant household and exploring the political significance of women's land ownership and of gender relations overall historically can cast light on past and present developments in Rembau and other Malay peasant society.

<p>During the nineteenth century, an impressive number of occult organizations blossomed both in Europe and the United States. The most influential of these groups was arguably the Theosophical Society. One feature that set it apart from other groups was the assertion that its teachings came from highly advanced beings often referred to in Theosophical literature as the “Masters.” Various authors claim that two of them, Koot Hoomi and Morya, have their roots in the East. However, the descriptions provided include many aspects that might be more readily associated with the West.</p><p>The aim of this study is to critically examine a selection of Theosophical writings composed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which concern the Masters in the light of the notion of Orientalism. Textual analysis is the method applied. The question I seek to answer is: In what ways do these descriptions exemplify Orientalism? The results indicate that examples can be found in discussions concerning their names and titles, how they are defined, the brotherhood to which they belong, characteristics they possess, their functions, their homes, and what they look like. This is also the case in regard to writings describing how one becomes a Master and those debating whether or not they exist. The matters addressed are relevant because they provide insight into how conceptualizations of other cultures are constructed and because the notion of ascended masters is still a common one in new age religion.</p>

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