The presented work is concentrated on study of inpact of soil cultivation technology on yealds of individual crops, weed infestation and economic parameters of cropping.

Seit 2005 untersuchen Fachbehörden in Dauerfeldversuchen unterschiedliche Bodenbearbeitungssysteme und Verfahren zum Schutz vor Wassererosion und Schadverdichtung. Sechs Fachbeiträge stellen die Wirkung auf Ertrag, Erosionsgefährdung, Infiltrationsverhalten sowie Humus- und Nährstoffgehalte dar. Dauerhaft konservierende Bodenbearbeitung ist die wirksamste Erosionsschutzmaßnahme und vermindert den Bodenabtrag durch Wassererosion um bis zu 90 Prozent. Sie führt auf sandigeren Böden und auf Lössböden in den oberen Bodenschichten zur Anreicherung von Humus, Kalium und Magnesium, in Sachsens Lössboden auch zur P-Anreicherung. Zwischen pfluglos und mit Pflug bestellten Fruchtarten gab es keine Ertragsunterschiede. Konservierende Bodenbearbeitung/Direktsaat führen gegenüber dem Pflug zum Anstieg der Bodendichte im unbearbeiteten Krumenboden und zur Abnahme der Luftkapazität. Auf Lössböden wird dies durch Wurmgänge und Wurzelröhren ausgeglichen. Lössböden können daher langfristig flach bearbeitet werden. Strukturschwache Sandböden müssen dagegen bodenzustandsabhängig intensiver und im Einzeljahr krumentief gelockert werden. Bandlaufwerke schützen Ackerflächen im Unterboden auch bei hoher Auflast von 14 t vorsorgend gegen Schadverdichtung. Schonend für das Bodengefüge wirkt eine Reifeninnendruckabsenkung in Kombination mit Vermeidung von Radlasten über 10 t.

In the Jistuza Studená farm, problems of soil cultivation have been solved, with respect to crop yields and ecomy of cropping.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-07-05T14:18:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Daniela versão final corrigida.pdf: 2062827 bytes, checksum: eba55722673c478fcbfe4ea404a69852 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-07-11T21:06:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Daniela versão final corrigida.pdf: 2062827 bytes, checksum: eba55722673c478fcbfe4ea404a69852 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T21:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Daniela versão final corrigida.pdf: 2062827 bytes, checksum: eba55722673c478fcbfe4ea404a69852 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / As flores de corte, de maneira geral, são bastante suscetíveis às variações ambientais, sobretudo deficiência hídrica, temperaturas extremas, problemas do meio de cultivo, que podem resultar no desenvolvimento deficiente da produção final. O cultivo de flores de corte em substrato disposto em canais, com recirculação da solução nutritiva drenada, pode ser uma alternativa para a obtenção de elevado rendimento produtivo de hastes florais de qualidade, além de promover a otimização de recursos, materiais e uso racional da água. Neste sentido, torna-se interessante o estudo do efeito de substratos à base de casca de arroz, material abundante no sul do Brasil, sobre o crescimento, a qualidade e as respostas produtivas das plantas de gipsofila (Gypsophila paniculata) e lisiantos (Eustoma grandiflorum). Paralelamente, é importante a utilização de adequado manejo fitotécnico para que as plantas respondam positivamente ao sistema proposto. Desta forma, dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no município de Capão do Leão – RS no ano de 2015/2016. O experimento 1 teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes substratos à base de casca de arroz [casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) e casca de arroz in natura (CAIN), empregadas isoladamente, e as misturas de CAC + substrato comercial orgânico S10 (Beifort ) (15%) e CAIN + S10 (15%)] e a época de poda (precoce e tardia) para a produção de gipsofila. Avaliaram-se o crescimento, a produção, a qualidade, a soma térmica, o consumo hídrico e a fenologia da cultura. Os resultados obtidos no experimento 1 indicaram que, para todas as variáveis analisadas, não houve interação significativa entre substrato e época de poda. Pode-se indicar os substratos de CAC 100% ou a mistura CAIN + S10 (15%) para o cultivo de gipsofila em canais. O substrato CAIN 100% resultou em menor crescimento da parte aérea, menor produção e inferior qualidade das hastes. Os substratos não afetaram a partição de massa seca entre flores e órgãos vegetativos e o equilíbrio entre o crescimento da parte aérea e das raízes. A poda tardia antecipou o ciclo da cultura, aumentou o crescimento das hastes e a produtividade de gipsofila, melhorando a qualidade. O período de maior soma térmica acumulada (STa) para a poda precoce é na fase fenológica de elongação e iniciação floral (III) e para a tardia na fase vegetativa (I). O maior consumo de água pelas plantas ocorreu na fase III, tanto para o acumulado, quanto para o consumo diário. O consumo médio total acumulado durante o ciclo foi de 7,05 litros planta-1 e o consumo médio diário foi de 0,309 litros planta dia-1 . Os substratos CAC+S10 e CAIN+S10 foram superiores na eficiência no uso da água (EUA) para a produção de massa fresca (MF) em relação aos materiais puros, e não afetaram a produção de massa seca (MS). Foi verificado que as plantas de gipsofila produziram em média 9,36 g de MS para cada litro de água consumido. No segundo experimento, o objetivo foi avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade das plantas de lisiantos, também, em diferentes substratos à base de casca de arroz [casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC); casca de arroz in natura (CAIN); CAC (70%) + substrato comercial orgânico S10 (Beifort ) (30%) e CAIN (70%) + S10 (Beifort ) (30%)]. Os substratos CAIN + S10 e CAC podem ser utilizados para a produção de lisiantos para flor de corte em sistema de cultivo em canais com recirculação da solução nutritiva, uma vez que ambos proporcionaram hastes com elevado padrão de qualidade, com destaque para o primeiro, que promoveu um maior crescimento das plantas. O uso de CAIN como material isolado para substrato prejudicou o crescimento das plantas e impediu o florescimento, modificando as relações de partição de massa seca entre os órgãos das plantas. Os resultados são decorrentes da melhor qualidade das características físicas e químicas do substrato CAIN+S10, em virtude da presença do composto orgânico, que aumentou a capacidade de retenção de água, e da alta porosidade da CAIN. Assim, constata-se que a gipsofila e o lisiantos adaptaram-se de forma adequada ao sistema de cultivo em canais preenchidos com substratos à base de casca de arroz, com recirculação do lixiviado. / Cut flowers, in general, are very susceptible to environmental variations, especially water stress, excessive temperatures, composition of the culture medium, among others, resulting in the deficient and discrepant development of the final production. The cultivation of cut flowers in growing troughs filled with substrates and the recirculation of the nutrient solution can be an alternative to obtain high flower stems productive yield and quality, besides the optimization of resources and rational use of water. In this sense, to study the effect of substrates based on rice husk, a high availability material in southern Brazil, on the gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata) and lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) plant growth, quality and yield is necessary. In parallel, it's important to use phytotechnical management careful so that plants respond adequately to the proposed system. Thus, two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão city - RS, between 2015/2016. The experiment 1 had the objective of evaluating different substrates based on carbonized rice husk (CAC) and raw rice husk (CAIN), used in isolation, and the mixtures of CAC + commercial organic substrate S10 (Beifort®) (15%), CAIN + S10 (15%) and the pinch season (early and late) for the gipsofila production. Growth, production, quality, water consumption and crop phenology were evaluated. The results obtained in experiment 1 indicated that, for all variables analyzed, there was no significant interaction between substrate and pinch season. The substrates of 100% CAC or the CAIN + S10 mixture (15%) may be indicated for Gypsophila cultivation in troughs. The 100% CAIN substrate predisposed to lower shoot growth, lower shoot production and lower quality. However, the substrates did not affect the dry matter partitioning between flowers and vegetative organs and the balance between shoot and root growth. Late pinch anticipated the crop cycle, increased gypsophila growth and productivity, benefiting the quality of the stems in length. The greatest thermal sum (TSa) period for early pinch was in the flower elongation and initiation phenological phase (III) and for late pinch in vegetative phase (I). The highest water consumption by plants occurred in phase III, both for accumulated and daily consumption. The total average consumption accumulated during the cycle was 7.05 liters plant-1 and the daily average consumption was 0.309 liters plant-1. In relation to the water use efficiency (WUE) for the production of fresh mass (FM) of stems, the substrates CAC + S10 and CAIN + S10 were superior than pure materials, but did not differ from each other. Regarding the WUE for the dry mass (DM) production of stems and the total of the plants there was no effect of the substrates. Thus, it was verified that the gypsophila plant produced on average 9.36g of DM for each 1 liter of water consumed. In the second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the growth and quality of Lisianthus plants, also, on different substrates based on rice husk (CAC); rice husk in natura(CAIN); CAC (70%) + organic commercial substrate S10 (Beifort®) (30%) and CAIN (70%) + S10 (Beifort®) (30%). The use of CAIN as an isolated substrate material impaired plant growth and prevented flowering by modifying the DM partitioning relationships among plant organs. The CAIN + S10 and CAC substrates can be used for the cut flower lisianthus production in a troughs system, with nutrient solution recirculation, since both provided stems with a high quality standard, especially the first one, which promoted greater plant growth. The results are due to the improvement of the physical and chemical qualities of the CAIN + S10 substrate. The organic compound increased the water retention capacity and CAIN ensured a high porosity to the mixture throughout the crop. Thus, it was verified that gypsophila and lisianthus were adequately adapted to the growing troughs system in with substrates based on rice husk, with leach recirculation.

Die Studie beschreibt die Auswirkungen der konservierenden Bodenbearbeitung auf das Hochwassergeschehen und die Bodenerosion durch Wasser. Desweiteren werden Strategien aufgezeigt, durch welche Landwirtschaftsbetriebe dahingehend motiviert werden, konservierende Bodenbearbeitung möglichst umfassend und dauerhaft zu praktizieren.

This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of the movement of machines on the land and their influence on soil compaction. In the practical part, measurements and observation were carried out in the company Rolnická společnost Lesonice a.s Within two years, the values of individual sets were measured on the selected land and the values were compared between each other. Every year, other soil technology was implemented. 1st year minimalization technology for soil cultivation 2nd year StripTiil's Soil Technology, controlled motion across the land with designed Opti Trail plot lines.

Various technologies can be used to process soil. In ZOD "Blata", plow technology is utilized by the plow and the technology is grooved using a deep cultivator. For each technology, a time frame was processed and their performance calculated. In addition, both soil cultivation technologies were compared in winter wheat and winter rape production between 2016 and 2017.

Seit 2005 untersuchen Fachbehörden in Dauerfeldversuchen unterschiedliche Bodenbearbeitungssysteme und Verfahren zum Schutz vor Wassererosion und Schadverdichtung. Sechs Fachbeiträge stellen die Wirkung auf Ertrag, Erosionsgefährdung, Infiltrationsverhalten sowie Humus- und Nährstoffgehalte dar. Dauerhaft konservierende Bodenbearbeitung ist die wirksamste Erosionsschutzmaßnahme und vermindert den Bodenabtrag durch Wassererosion um bis zu 90 Prozent. Sie führt auf sandigeren Böden und auf Lössböden in den oberen Bodenschichten zur Anreicherung von Humus, Kalium und Magnesium, in Sachsens Lössboden auch zur P-Anreicherung. Zwischen pfluglos und mit Pflug bestellten Fruchtarten gab es keine Ertragsunterschiede. Konservierende Bodenbearbeitung/Direktsaat führen gegenüber dem Pflug zum Anstieg der Bodendichte im unbearbeiteten Krumenboden und zur Abnahme der Luftkapazität. Auf Lössböden wird dies durch Wurmgänge und Wurzelröhren ausgeglichen. Lössböden können daher langfristig flach bearbeitet werden. Strukturschwache Sandböden müssen dagegen bodenzustandsabhängig intensiver und im Einzeljahr krumentief gelockert werden. Bandlaufwerke schützen Ackerflächen im Unterboden auch bei hoher Auflast von 14 t vorsorgend gegen Schadverdichtung. Schonend für das Bodengefüge wirkt eine Reifeninnendruckabsenkung in Kombination mit Vermeidung von Radlasten über 10 t.:Einleitung Einschätzung der Schadverdichtungsgefährdung und Verfahren zum Schutz des Bodens vor Schadverdichtung auf der Grundlage des mechanischen Bodenverhaltens Untersuchungen zum Infiltrationsvermögen von Böden nach langjährigem Pflugverzicht und Direktsaat Nachhaltige Bodenbearbeitungsverfahren unter den Bedingungen Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns – Wirkung langfristig praktizierter unterschiedlicher Bodenbearbeitungssysteme auf den Nährstoffgehalt des Bodens und den Ertrag landwirtschaftlicher Kulturen Gute fachliche Praxis der landwirtschaftlichen Bodennutzung diluvialer Ackerböden Brandenburgs - Aktuelle Schlussfolgerungen aus den Dauerfeldversuchen Groß Kreutz (P60, M4) und der ökologischen Fruchtfolge Güterfelde Bodengefügeschutz mit optimierter Fahrwerkstechnik Untersuchungen zu acker- und pflanzenbaulichen Auswirkungen einer dauerhaft konservierenden Bodenbearbeitung

Die Studie beschreibt die Auswirkungen der konservierenden Bodenbearbeitung auf das Hochwassergeschehen und die Bodenerosion durch Wasser. Desweiteren werden Strategien aufgezeigt, durch welche Landwirtschaftsbetriebe dahingehend motiviert werden, konservierende Bodenbearbeitung möglichst umfassend und dauerhaft zu praktizieren.

In this diploma thesis, there are described different types of soil tillage and options of their use. The thesis focuses on comparision selected plow in comparable conditions. Plows were compared by efficiency, possibilities of the type of rotation on headlands, fuel consumption and durability of wearing parts. For measuring were chosen lands with a slope as small as possible and with furrow that should be as long as possible to minimize distortion of the results.