Environmental factors affecting a topographic sequence of soils were examined on the University of British Columbia Endowment Lands. The soils and other landscape components were studied at four sites along a transect to provide information on those processes which are active in affecting site and soil development. Characterization of the water chemistry of precipitation, organic leachate, soil solution and groundwater; the magnitude of soil spatial variability and the influence of land use on the landscape were also evaluated. The landscape components considered to exert the greatest influence on soil and site development include topography, moisture regime, vegetation and parent material. The interrelationship between these components has resulted in the development of four podzol soils which differ in horizon differentiation and in the extent to which mobile constituents are redistributed in the pedon. Man, considered as an environmental factor, has indirectly influenced site and soil development through land use. The effects attributed to logging are reflected in the modification of the moisture regime along the lower portion of the transect. This appears to be the controlling factor in altering vegetation successional patterns and in affecting soil development. In these soils, soil development appears to be intensified, wiht the resultant increase in weathering and leaching processes in the surface mineral horizons and the initiation of the redistribution of mobile constituents within the pedon. Characterization of selected chemical components of precipitation (including crown wash), organic layer leachate, soil solution and groundwater was conducted to elucidate ion mobility and nutrient availability. The data presented suggest that: the weathering of soil minerals is the main source of ions to the soil-water system; the mineral weathering rates in the soils are fairly constant; the chemical concentrations in the groundwater are controlled to a great extent by the weathering of soil minerals; the input of ions from the atmosphere and organic leachates can be appreciable and may influence the exchange status in the surface mineral horizons; and the leaching of organic materials may be important in maintaining plant nutrient requirements in soils of inherent low fertility. Displacement techniques appear to be useful in providing data for the evaluation of water quality relationships between the atmosphere and the soil system and for assessing site-fertility. Spatial variability in the two soils was studied to elucidate soil chemical heterogeneity. Assessment of three sampling techniques in relation to sampling efficiency and intensity was made in light of the soil heterogeneity expressed by the soils. Spatial variability recorded for these soils, suggests that soil heterogeneity should be considered as an important soil characteristic as are the soils' inherent chemical and physical properties. The greatest extent of variation in soil chemical properties was found in the surface mineral layers where weathering and influences from environmental factor interactions are more pronounced. It is this portion of the soil that will regulate the sampling intensity required for soil field studies. The data presented suggest that the use of composite sampling schemes will allow for reasonable estimates of soil properties and reduce the probable disparites caused by non-representative samples. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Orientadores: Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Edson Eiji Matsura / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_FernandoSilva_D.pdf: 5020372 bytes, checksum: af978a8271ef4c982fd82d0d223e486b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: É crescente a demanda global por fontes de energia renováveis, tais como o etanol, o qual no Brasil, possui como principal matriz energética a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Neste contexto faz-se necessário a incorporação de novas tecnologias, como a mecanização da colheita, para o uso racional das áreas manejadas com cana-de-açúcar. O acúmulo superficial de resíduos vegetais da cana-de-açúcar na superfície do solo promove o enriquecimento das camadas superficiais com matéria orgânica bem como o incremento do intervalo hídrico ótimo, mitigando os efeitos da compactação do solo causados pelo tráfego de máquinas no sistema de cana colhida mecanicamente sem queima. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações no comportamento físico e mecânico de um Latossolo Vermelho produzido pelo enriquecimento do conteúdo de matéria orgânica e, ainda, a capacidade dos resíduos vegetais acumulados na superfície do solo dissiparem cargas aplicadas sobre o mesmo, em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar colhidas com e sem queima. O projeto foi desenvolvido em três áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar: 1- cana-de-açúcar sem queima e corte mecanizado, desde 1996 (com 16 anos de implantação do sistema de cana crua); 2- cana-de-açúcar sem queima e corte mecanizado, desde 2004 (com 8 anos de implantação do sistema de cana crua); 3- cana-de-açúcar com queima e corte manual, desde 1973 (cana queimada). Os atributos físicos avaliados foram: análise granulométrica, consistência do solo, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração nas profundidades de 0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,30 m. Determinou-se ainda o intervalo hídrico ótimo para desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram avaliadas as relações entre o teor de matéria orgânica e a compressibilidade do solo, as relações entre teor de matéria orgânica do solo e a umidade crítica para a compactação e as relações entre quantidade de resíduos vegetais na superfície e a densidade do solo obtida pelo teste Proctor. Os atributos de solo estudados apresentam estrutura de dependência espacial. O intervalo hídrico ótimo e ?p mostraram-se sensíveis as alterações ocorridas no solo em detrimento dos sistemas de manejo estudados. A área sob colheita manual da cultura da cana-de-açúcar apresentou menor valor de densidade crítica para o intervalo hídrico ótimo, sendo que a maior produtividade da cultura concentrou-se nas regiões de maior amplitude do intervalo hídrico ótimo e maior capacidade suporte de carga do solo / Abstract: An increasing global demand for renewable energy sources such as ethanol, which in Brazil, has as its primary energy matrix culture of sugar cane. In this context it is necessary to incorporate new technologies, mechanization of the harvest, for the rational use of managed areas with cane sugar. The accumulation of surface plant residues of sugar cane on the soil surface promotes the enrichment of the surface layers with organic matter as well as increasing the optimal water, mitigating the effects of soil compaction caused by machinery traffic on the system cane mechanically harvested without burning. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the changes in physical and mechanical behavior of soil produced by enriching the content of organic matter, and also the ability of plant debris accumulated on the soil surface dissipate loads applied on it, in cultivated areas sugar cane harvested with and without burning. The project was developed in three areas cultivated with sugar cane: 1 - harvested with manual cutting and burning since 1973; 2 - mechanically harvested without burning since 2004 (8 years of implantation of sugarcane), 3 - mechanically harvested unburned since 1996 (16 years of implantation of sugarcane). The physical attributes were: particle size analysis, soil consistency, soil bulk density, and aggregate stability, soil porosity and soil resistance to penetration depths of 0.00 to 0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 me 0.20-0.30 m. It was determined the optimal water yet to identify the critical limits of soil density where resistance to penetration and aeration porosity are restrictive to plant development. We evaluated the relationship between the organic matter content and soil compressibility, the relationships between organic matter content and soil moisture critical for the compression and the relationship between the amount of crop residue on the surface and soil density obtained by the Proctor test. The soil attributes have studied the spatial dependence structure. The least limiting water range and ?p were sensitive to changes in the soil instead of studied treatments. The area under cultivation of manual harvesting cane sugar showed a lower value of the critical density for optimal water, and the greater crop concentrated in regions of higher altitude and lower load-bearing capacity / Doutorado / Agua e Solo / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Uma solução computacional geral e expansível de análise da interação estrutura-maciço de solos foi desenvolvida adotando metodologia orientada a objetos. A técnica computacional apresenta um menu de retaguarda que torna a manipulação dos dados de entrada e os processos computacionais mais criteriosos e seguros. Os materiais possuem comportamento perfeitamente elástico-linear, enquanto o mecanismo de transferência de carga estrutura-solo é não linear. O maciço de solos é modelado através de dados de sondagens SPT e mapeamento geotécnico. A fundação é discretizada verticalmente para se obter as matrizes de flexibilidade da estrutura de fundação (MFEF) e do maciço de solos (MFMS). O processo interativo básico consiste em obter o vetor de recalques nos apoios pelo produto do vetor de cargas verticais com as matrizes MFEF e MFMS. Na seqüência, calcula-se o vetor de redistribuição de cargas pelo produto do vetor de recalques com a matriz de rigidez da superestrutura (MRS). Um procedimento iterativo condiciona a convergência de recalques e cargas verticais nos apoios. A solução foi utilizada para analisar o comportamento de edifícios de diferentes geometrias em planta e espacial, variando o perfil geotécnico do maciço suporte e a técnica de execução da estrutura de fundação. / A general and expansible computational code based in the oriented to object programming technique was developed aiming the soil-structure interaction analysis. This computational technique has a special feature that makes the data input operations and the computer processing safer and more criterious. This model considers that all materials behaves as perfectly linear elastic materials, although the soilstructure transfer mechanism is of non-linear nature. The soil mass compressibility and resistance are modelled from soil data obtained from geotechnical mapping techniques and SPT boreholes data. The flexibility matrix (MFEF) of the structural foundation elements and the flexibility matrix (MFMS) of soil mass elements are obtained through a numerical discretization procedure. The basic interative process consists in the calculation of the supports displacement vectors obtained by the multiplication of the vertical load vector by the MFEF and the MFMS matrix. Finally, the load redistribution is obtained by the multiplication of the displacement vector by the structural rigidity matrix (MRS). The uniqueness of the solution is guaranteed by the convergence of the displacements and vertical supports reactions by using an iterative procedure. This computational code was applied to the analysis of the behaviour of spatial framed buildings with varied geometry, taking into account different geotechnical soil conditions and different types of foundations.

Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2017-06-13T13:04:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Roberta Leme Zanfolin.pdf: 1468658 bytes, checksum: b1d544f8a48ffa0d526a03a58e7676fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T13:04:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Roberta Leme Zanfolin.pdf: 1468658 bytes, checksum: b1d544f8a48ffa0d526a03a58e7676fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / The growing demand for food ally to the country's need to ensure positive results in the trade balance, direct, increasingly, studies to agriculture with high yields. In order to achieve these results with low-impact activities, was aimed with this work, to verify the effect of no tillage with scarifier and the use of fertilizers and corrective performed in the culture of brachiaria preceding soybean cultivation, as a low fertility soil and degraded structure, to improve soy production environment and forage conducted in no tillage system with integrated Crop-Livestock. The experiment was conducted in extensive grazing area at the Experimental Farm of the University of Western São Paulo - UNOESTE in Presidente Bernardes-SP, in a soil classified as Acrisol dystrophic. The treatments consist of plots submitted or not to mechanical handling with scarifier type matabroto, each plot gets five chemical treatments, as follows: 1. Without fertilization and liming (control); 2- Application of lime; 3 Application of lime + gypsum; 4- Application of lime + gypsum + NPK; 5- Application of lime + gypsum + NPK + micronutrients. Both the management with ripper as chemical treatments were made 30 days prior to desiccation of pasture (45 days before soybean sowing) in 2013 and were repeated in the year 2014. The experimental design was in bands, in factorial scheme 2 x 5, with four replications. To evaluate the effect of the treatments was determined straw contribution by brachiaria and soil samples were collected in the layers 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, which were physically analyzed for density soil, porosity, water retention curve in the soil and aggregate stability. The soil was also analyzed for particulate C and N fractions and associated minerals. Soybean yield was determined in the season 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. During the cultivation of soy in the 2014/2015 crop was evaluated soil moisture profile. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and t test comparison of means at 5% error probability. The benefits brought by scarifying the soil physical properties are not lasting, since the chemical quality contributes to the structuring of the soil medium and long term. / A crescente demanda por alimento aliada a necessidade do país em garantir resultados positivos na balança comercial, direcionam, cada vez mais, estudos visando agricultura com altas produtividades. A fim de alcançar esses resultados com atividades de baixo impacto ambiental, objetivou-se, com esse trabalho,verificar o efeito do preparo mínimo do solo com escarificador e do uso de adubos e corretivos realizados na cultura da braquiária, antecedendo o cultivo da soja, na qualidade de um solo de baixa fertilidade e com estrutura degradada, visando melhorar o ambiente de produção de soja e forragem conduzidas em Sistema Semeadura Direta com integração Lavoura-Pecuária. O experimento foi conduzido em área de pastagem extensiva na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, em Presidente Bernardes-SP, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distroférrico. Os tratamentos experimentais são constituídos por talhões submetidos ou não ao manejo mecânico com escarificador tipo matabroto, sendo que cada talhão recebe cinco tratamentos químicos, sendo eles: 1- Sem adubação e sem calagem (testemunha); 2- Com aplicação de calcário; 3- Com aplicação de calcário+gesso; 4- Com aplicação de calcário+gesso+NPK; 5- Com aplicação de calcário+gesso+NPK+micronutrientes. Tanto o manejo com escarificador como os tratamentos químicos foram efetuados 30 dias antes da dessecação da pastagem (45 dias antes da semeadura da soja) no ano de 2013 e foram repetidos no ano de 2014. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. Para avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos, foi determinado o aporte de palha pela braquiária e foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, as quais foram analisadas fisicamente quanto à densidade do solo, porosidade, curva de retenção de água no solo e estabilidade de agregados. O solo também foi analisado quanto às frações de C e N particulados e associados a minerais. A produtividade da soja foi determinada na safra 2013/2014 e 2014/2015. Durante o cultivo da soja na safra 2014/2015 foi avaliada a umidade do solo no perfil. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste t de comparação de médias ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Os benefícios trazidos pela escarificação às características físicas do solo não são duradouras, já a qualidade química colabora para a estruturação do solo a médio e longo prazo.

A parametric study of single-span integral abutment bridge (IAB) was conducted using finite element analysis to explore the effects of various load conditions, bridge geometries, and soil properties. This study investigated the difference between the live load distribution of traditional jointed bridges and integral abutment bridges (IABs) under HL-93 truck component load. The results showed that AASHTO live load distribution factors (LLDFs) were overly conservative by up to 50% to use for IABs. LLDFs for IABs proposed by Dicleli and Erhan (2008) matched well for interior girder moment, but they were unconservative for exterior girder moment by up to 20% for the bridges studied. The study further investigated the effects of various parameters on the IAB responses under dead, live, and thermal loads and load combinations specified by AASHTO. The results of this study are limited to short to moderate single-span straight bridges under dead, live, and thermal loads. Due to a fixity of superstructure and abutments in IABs, the bridge response to each loading is influenced by the relative stiffness of superstructure to substructure. Under combined loads, the amount of each load effect varied depending on superstructure and substructure stiffness, but the critical load combination for each bridge response was determined in this study. Yielding of piles seems unavoidable for IABs built on sand under combined loads even after the change of pile size or pile orientation, but replacing the soil around top 3m (10ft) of piles with softer material is effective to reduce the significant amount of pile moment for IABs built on sand foundation soil. This thesis includes some design recommendations based on the findings of this study.

This research involves shake table testing of 1g scale models that mimic the coupled seismic response of a structure on a shallow mat foundation and foundation soil (known as soil-foundation-structural-interaction or SFSI). In previous research, SFSI effects have been quantified through analytical models, numerical analyses, and limited field data. This research works towards increasing the amount of empirical data through scale model shake table testing. A suite of earthquake time histories is considered in evaluating a nominal 10th scale soil-structure model using a flexible wall barrel on a 1-D shake table. San Francisco Young Bay Mud (YBM) is used as the prototype soil and long period narrow building as the prototype structure. Foundation embedment depth, fundamental mode of the structure, and seismic loading function are varied to generate a large database of SFSI results under controlled conditions. The foundation level response is compared to free-field responses to determine the magnitude of the SFSI. The results confirm the effects of foundation embedment on the peak ground motion and the spectral acceleration at the predominant period of the structure. The foundation level accelerations are deamplified compared to free-field results. Results also confirm the legitimacy of the testing platform and program by comparing the data to previous experimental study.

Pile foundations are extensively used to support various structures that are constructed in soft/loose soils, where shallow foundations would be considered ineffective due to low bearing capacities and large settlements. The design of these structures to accommodate lateral applied loads in particular, usually imposed by winds, water and earth pressures, has gained popularity over the past few decades. The behaviour of horizontally loaded piled foundations is a complex soil-structure interaction problem and is usually concerned with the relative stiffness between the pile and the surrounding soil, where the relative stiffness is a function of both the stiffness and properties of the pile and the stiffness of the soil. Many design assumptions and methods used for pile foundations are based on the principles observed from metal piles. This raises the question of the validity and accuracy of assumptions and methods for the use of analysing and designing reinforced concrete piles, that exhibits highly non-linear material behaviour and changing pile properties after cracking. Due to the elastic behaviour of metal sections, these methods typically only focus on the soil component of the soil-structure interaction problem, only allowing changes and non-linear behaviour of the soil surrounding the pile to take place upon load application, mostly disregarding the behaviour and response of the pile itself. The main purpose and objective of the study was to determine whether aluminium sections in a centrifuge could be used to realistically and sufficiently accurately model the monotonic and cyclic response of reinforced concrete piles subjected to lateral loading. This was observed though a number of tests conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge on scaled aluminium and reinforced concrete piles, subjected to both monotonic and cyclic loading. After conducting the tests on both the scaled aluminium and reinforced concrete piles in the centrifuge it was concluded that aluminium sections cannot be used to accurately model and predict the lateral behaviour of reinforced concrete piles. Both the scaled aluminium and reinforced concrete piles proved to model the concept of laterally loaded piles quite well regarding bending at low loads. However, even at low lateral loads, the observed response of the scaled reinforced concrete was significantly different than that observed from the scaled aluminium pile. Furthermore, as the magnitude of the applied load and bending increased, the scaled reinforced concrete pile cracked, resulting in non-linear behaviour of the section under loading, which was not the case for the scaled aluminium pile that remained uncracked. This contributed to the difference in behaviour between the piles studied, therefore, the true material behaviour and failure mechanisms involved with reinforced concrete piles were not replicated by using a scaled aluminium pile section. The non-linear behaviour of the scaled reinforced concrete pile after cracking affected both the behaviour of the pile, as well as the response of the soil surrounding the pile, in contrast with the behaviour observed from the scaled aluminium pile. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / The Concrete Institute / Concrete Society of Southern Africa / WindAfrica project / Civil Engineering / MEng (Structural Engineering) / Unrestricted

Orientador: Marlene Cristina Alves / Banca: Marcelo Andreotti / Banca: Karem Cristine Pirola Narimatsu / Resumo: A utilização dos solos, além da capacidade de suporte dos mesmos e a pressão imposta por grandes construções, têm resultado em solos cada vez menos produtivos chegando, em muitos casos, a um nível de degradação extremo. Baseado neste argumento, o presente trabalho teve início em 2004 com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes manejos com diferentes tipos de adubações (verde e orgânica) e o plantio de uma espécie arbórea, na recuperação da estrutura de um solo degradado. O experimento foi instalado em uma área de subsolo na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Unesp - Campus de Ilha Solteira em Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e cinco blocos. Os tratamentos estudados foram: A- Vegetação natural de Cerrado; B- Solo exposto; C- Gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium Schott); D- Gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium Schott)+nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus) até 2005, após substituído pela crotalária (Crotalária juncea); E- Gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium Schott)+feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis); F- Gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium Schott)+lodo de esgoto (60 t ha-1)+ Brachiaria decumbens. As avaliações físicas realizadas foram retiradas em 2010 e 2011: estabilidade de agregados em água, infiltração de água no solo e morfologia do solo. A análise química realizada foi o teor de matéria orgânica do solo. Também foi avaliado o desenvolvimento da espécie arbórea e massa verde e seca dos adubos verdes e da gramínea. A estabilidade de agregados, o teor de matéria orgânica e as imagens tomográficas foram melhores indicadores para detectar mudanças positivas na recuperação do solo. A infiltração de água no solo foi maior nos tratamentos Gonçalo-alves+Crotalária e Gonçalo-alves+Feijão- de-porco. Os tratamentos com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of soil, besides its ability to support and the pressure imposed by large building, are results soil in fewer production capacity often reaching an extreme level of degradation. Based on this argument, this study began in 2004 with the objective of evaluating the effect of different soil management with different types of fertilizers (organic and green manure) and the planting of a tree species, the recovery of a degraded soil structure. The experiment was conducted in a subsoil in the area belonged to Experimental Station of UNESP - Ilha Solteira Campus in Selvíria county-MS. A randomized blocks design with six treatments and five repetitions was used. The treatments were: A-natural Savannah vegetation, B-Solo exposed, C- Astronium fraxinifolium Schott, D- Astronium fraxinifolium Schott+Raphanus sativus until 2005, after replaced by Crotalaria juncea, E-Astronium fraxinifolium Schott+Canavalia ensiformis, F- Astronium fraxinifolium Schott+sewage sludge (60 t ha-1)+Brachiaria decumbens. The physical assessments performed were withdrawn in 2010 and 2011: aggregate stability in water, infiltration of water into the soil and the soil morphology. The chemical analysis performed was the content of soil organic matter. We also assessed the development of tree species and fresh and dry mass of green manure and pasture. The aggregate stability, organic matter content and the tomographic images were better indicators to detect positive changes in land reclamation. The infiltration of soil water was higher in treatments Gonçalo-Alves + Crotalaria and Goncalo alves + Canavalia ensiformis. Treatments with Crotalaria + Gonçalo-Alves, Goncalo Alves + Canavalia ensiformis; and Gonçalo-Alves + sewage sludge + Brachiaria decumbens on CT images were those with better soil structure, compared to soil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos / Coorientador: Reginaldo Barboza da Silva / Banca: Resinaldo Barboza da Silva / Banca: Francisca Alcivânia de Melo Silva / Resumo: A falta de informações (qualitativa e quantitativa) detalhadas da microestrutura do solo, especificamente dos constituintes do solo (massa e volume) e sua associação com índices físicos e mecânicos relacionados, em função do seu uso ou manejo tem levado a inferências e conclusões que nem sempre podem representar a verdadeira história de tensão, uso e manejo do solo. Uma alternativa que tem sido apresentada à ciência do solo e com resultados significativos, especialmente para as áreas de física e conservação do solo é o uso de técnicas de micromorfologia de solos aliada ao processamento de imagens. Estes estudos tem melhorado a caracterização desse problema, podendo facultar desta maneira, uma melhor interpretação e compreensão humana, não apenas dos fatores internos (características e propriedades) responsáveis pela compacidade do solo, mas também a relação com os fatores externos (manejo, tráfego agrícola, pressão de contato e distribuição de tensão no solo, uso/manejo). Estes, muitas vezes por limitação técnica e ou metodológica em suas determinações tem dificultado a compreensão e o estabelecimento de relações/inter-relações como comportamento da microestrutura do solo. Portanto, qualquer intervenção neste sentido significa estreitar os benefícios de duas importantes áreas (micromorfologia e a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The lack of information (qualitative and quantitative) of the detailed microstructure of the soil, particularly soil constituents (weight and volume) and its association with related mechanical and physical indexes, depending on its use or handling have led to inferences or conclusions and can always represent the true history of tension, use and soil management. One alternative that has been submitted to soil science and with significant results, especially in the areas of physical and soil conservation is the use of soil micromorphology techniques combined with image processing. These studies have improved the characterization of this problem, and can thus provide a better interpretation and human understanding, not only of internal factors (characteristics and qualities) responsible for the compactness of the soil, but also the relationship with the external factors (management, agricultural traffic , contact pressure and stress distribution in soil, use/handling). These often limited by technical and methodological or in its determinations has hindered understanding and build relationships/interrelationships and behavior of soil microstructure. Therefore, any intervention in this narrow sense means the benefits of two major areas (micromorphology and soil mechanics) that increasingly prove important results for soil science. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical behavior of sample undisturbed from two soil types under different loads (contact pressures), water contents and use... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Research performed on the subject of dynamic soil-structure interaction (SS) concerning railway bridges is presented in this thesis with the focus on simply supported railway bridges supported by shallow foundations in soil strata on bedrock. The research aims to obtain insight into the SSI of high-speed railway bridges and to provide recommendations on how to model the soil-bridge system from a design perspective. A three-dimensional (3D) simply supported soil-bridge model was first developed and the effects from model assumptions made on the soil-foundation system was evaluated in a 3D setting (paper I). The soil-foundation system was then refined and a model assumptions study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of model assumptions on impedance functions, including the influence of the permanent load acting on the soil-foundation system (paper II). Finally, a study of the assembled soil-bridge system was performed in an extensive parametric study including a set of 2D bridge models in combination with a set of shallow foundations in soil strata on bedrock (paper III). A supplementary section related to paper III was also added in this thesis, showing the effects of the substructure mass. The model assumptions made when creating the soil-foundation model and the soil-bridge model can be very important and must be made with care. The permanent load acting on the soil-foundation systems of shallow foundations may alter the impedance functions significantly. The substructure mass may alter the behavior of the soil-bridge system depending on its magnitude, and neglecting it gives inaccurate results. The 3D effects of SSI do not cause high vibrations due to modes other than the first bending mode, and assuming a 2D bridge model is generally acceptable. The effects of SSI on the soil-bridge systems with shallow soil strata are largely dependent on the ratio between the natural frequency of the bridge and the fundamental frequency of the soil. Depending on the value of this ratio, the effect of including SSI in bridge models may contribute to the bridge obtaining a negligible, conservative, or non-conservative response, as compared to the bridge with the assumption of non-flexible supports. / Forskning i syfte att utröna effekten av dynamisk jord–struktur-interaktion (SSI)på järnvägsbroar presenteras i denna avhandling med huvudfokus på fritt upplagdabroar med stöd av plattgrundlagda fundament i jordar på fast berggrund. Forsknin-gen syftar till att ge förståelse för interaktionen mellan jord och järnvägsbroar samtatt ge rekommendationer på hur systemet kan modelleras ur ett designperspektiv.En tredimensionell (3D) fritt upplagd jord–bromodell utvecklades först och effek-terna av modellantaganden gjorda på jord–grundläggningssystemet utvärderadesi en 3D miljö (artikel I). Jord–grundläggningssystemet förfinades och en studiegenomfördes för att utvärdera effekterna av modellantaganden på impedansfunk-tioner, inklusive påverkan av den permanenta belastningen som verkar på jord–grundläggningssystemet (artikel II). Slutligen utfördes en omfattande parametriskstudie av det sammansatta jord–brosystemet där en uppsättning tvådimensionella(2D) bromodeller kombinerades med en uppsättning jordar (artikel III). Ett kom-pletterande avsnitt relaterat till artikel III lades till i denna avhandling som visareffekterna av massan av underbyggnaden på jord–brosystemet.De modellantaganden som görs vid skapandet av jord–grundläggningsmodeller ochjord–bromodeller kan vara mycket viktiga och bör utföras med varsamhet. Den per-manenta belastningen som verkar på jord–grundläggningssystemet kan väsentligtförändra impedansfunktionerna. Massan av underbyggnaden kan vidare ändra re-sponsen i jord–brosystemet, beroende på dess storlek, och att försumma den kan gefelaktiga resultat. De 3D effekterna av SSI orsakar inte höga vibrationer på grundav andra moder än den första böjmoden, och att anta en 2D bromodell är såledesgenerellt sett motiverat.Effekterna av SSI på jord–brosystemet i grunda jordar beror till stor del av kvotenmellan brons naturliga frekvens och jordens fundamentala frekvens. Beroende påvärdet på denna kvot kan effekten av att inkludera SSI i bromodeller bidra till attbron får en försumbar, konservativ, eller icke-konservativ respons, i jämförelse medbron med antagandet om fasta upplag. / <p>QC 20200903</p>