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Diss. Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université Paris XIII-Paris Nord, 2000.

Thèse de doctorat : Littérature francophone : Paris 12 : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. Index.

Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Université Rennes 2, Haute Bretagne, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-371) and index.

Drawing on expectation confirmation research, we develop hypotheses regarding the effect of compensation on key customer outcomes following a major data breach and consequent service recovery effort. Data were collected in a longitudinal field study of Sony customers during their data breach in 2011. A total of 144 customers participated in the two-phase data collection that began when the breach was announced and concluded after reparations were made. Using polynomial modeling and response surface analysis, we demonstrate that a modified assimilation-contrast model explained perceptions of service quality and continuance intention and a generalized negativity model explained repurchase intention. The results of our work contribute to research on data breaches and service failure by demonstrating the impacts of compensation on customer outcomes. We discuss theoretical and practical implications.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att få en bättre förståelse för hur ett företags kriskommunikation kan se ut i förhållande till dagens kommunikationsteknologi. Med dagens kommunikationsteknologi menas i denna uppsats sociala medier och bloggar. För att uppnå syftet har en fallstudie gjorts för att undersöka ett företags kriskommunikation i sociala medier och bloggar. Fallstudien har gjorts på teknikföretaget Sony och deras kris från 2011 när deras nätverk hackades. Nätverket används av Sonys kunder för att spela tv-spel online samt för att köpa digitala varor och tjänster via Sonys tv-spelskonsoler. I samband med hackningen stals kunders personliga information samt misstänktes det att även kreditkortsinformation kan ha stulits. Sony anklagades för att ha undanhållit viktig information från deras kunder om vilken typ av personlig information var i riskzonen, samt att deras nätverk inte var tillräckligt säkert mot dataintrång. Fyra frågor ställdes för att uppnå syftet: 1. Vilket innehåll hade Sonys kommunikation i deras sociala mediekanaler och bloggar under krisen? 2. Vilka retoriska strategier (ethos, logos, pathos) använde sig Sony utav för att förmedla innehållet? 3. Hur förändrades Sonys kommunikationsstrategi under tiden för krisen? 4. Hur stämmer Sonys kommunikations innehåll under krisen överens med SCCT (Situational Crisis Communication Theory), samt allmän forskning inom kriskommunikation?   Det teoretiska ramverket för uppsatsen har delats in i två kategorier: teori och allmän forskning. Teorin har utgåtts från modeller för tvåvägskommunikation mellan organisationer och dess intressenter, Per Echeverris beskrivning av bemötandesanalys, samt SCCT som går ut på att placera organisationer och deras kriser i kategorier för att bättre kunna applicera en eller flera passande responsstrategier. Med allmän forskning menas i det här sammanhanget ett samlat ramverk av forskning inom kriskommunikation som har gjorts i samband med sociala medier och bloggars påverkan främst på kriskommunikation och även kommunikation generellt sett.   Metoderna som användes för uppsatsen har varit en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av Sonys innehåll i deras officiella blogg, Facebook- och Twitter-kanal under tidsramen 2011-04-20 – 2011-07-31, då krisen hade inträffat och Sony kommunicerade utåt till deras kunder genom dessa medier. Dessutom gjordes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av utvalda delar från den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen, genom en retorisk analys för att studera innehållet närmare.   Resultaten från båda analyserna visade att Sonys kommunikationsstrategi kunde kategoriseras in i två olika grupper enligt SCCT; först tog Sony avstånd från det inträffade och senare antog företaget en fullständigt ursäktande hållning gentemot kunderna. Sony försökte inledningsvis porträttera sig själva som offret under krisen och fick rätta till desinformation och deras tvåvägskommunikation var mer asymmetrisk, men fick senare ta en mer tillmötesgående responsstrategi och be kunderna om ursäkt med hjälp av kompensationer och säkerhetsförbättringar. Tvåvägskommunikationen var senare mer symmetrisk. Resultatet visade även att Sonys användande av deras blogg var ypperligt under krisen, samtidigt som deras närvaro på Twitter var till större del väl anpassat till mediet med korta och frekventa uppdateringar om krisen till kunderna. Facebook användes inte lika effektivt av Sony, och användes endast till att sprida inläggen från bloggen.   I slutsats har undersökningen av Sonys kris gett en bättre förståelse för hur ett företag bör hantera sin kriskommunikation inom sociala medier och bloggar när det gäller vad man ska göra och bör undvika. / The purpose of this essay has been to get a better understanding of how a company can utilize today’s communication technology in their crisis communication. Today’s communication technology refers to blogs and social media. To accomplish this purpose a company’s external communication during a crisis has been studied. The crisis studied was Sony’s crisis in 2011 when their network got hacked. The network is used by consumers to play videogames online and purchase digital products and services using their videogame consoles. The hackers acquired the customers’ personal information and it was rumored at the time that information about credit cards had been stolen as well. Sony was accused of withholding important information from customers about what personal information was in danger, and the network’s security was questioned. Four questions were asked to help the essay in reaching its purpose. 1. What information did Sony’s communication in their social media and blogs contain during the crisis? 2. What rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) did Sony use to convey the information? 3. How did Sony’s communication strategy change during the events of the crisis? 4. How does Sony’s communication during the crisis compare with SCCT (Situational Crisis Communication Theory) and research in general regarding crisis communication?   The essay’s theoretical framework has been divided into two categories: theory and research in general. The theories used to interpret the results have been James E. Grunig’s models of two-way communication between organizations and their stakeholders, Per Echeverri’s description of response analysis, as well as W. Timothy Coombs SCCT which aims to define a crisis as a crisis situation in order to find a proper response strategy. Research in general in this context refers to a collective framework of research regarding crisis communication in conjunction with social media and blogs influence on primarily crisis communication but also communication in general.   The methods used for the essay have been a quantitative content analysis of Sony’s content in their information on their blog, Facebook page and Twitter feed between 2011-04-20 and 2011-07-31 which was the time Sony communicated externally regarding the crisis. In addition, a qualitative content analysis was conducted on parts of the data from the quantitative analysis through a rhetorical analysis.       The results from the analyses showed that different response strategies could be identified, according to SCCT; at first, Sony distanced itself from the crisis but later had to use a full apology-strategy to address the situation. Sony initially tried to portrait themselves as victims and had to correct disinformation. Their two-way communication was at this time more asymmetrical. Later they used a more accommodating response strategy and apologized to their customers and compensated them in addition to improving the security to prevent a similar attack. Sony’s two-way communication was now more symmetrical. The results also showed that Sony’s use of their blog was exceptional and their Twitter usage was optimized for that medium with short and frequent updates regarding the crisis. Sony’s Facebook page was not used as effectively and was mostly used to spread the same information from the blog.   In conclusion: the examination of Sony’s crisis has given a better understanding of how a company should manage its crisis communication within social media and blogs, for better and worse.

Many evangelical Christians distance themselves from the mainstream commercial culture, because they perceive mainstream media and popular culture to promulgate immoral messages through representations such as sex and violence. This disconnect from Hollywood have made evangelicals a tough audience to market. Sony, however, has been able to connect with the evangelical market by producing a line of contemporary Christian films through their in-house division Affirm Films. By prioritizing the narratives of their films Heaven is for Real, War Room, and Miracles From Heaven to focus on contemporary Christian characters, conflicts, and settings, Sony is able to attract the evangelical audience with films that align with their conservative belief system.

<p>This study intends to elucidate which view customers has about Sony Ericsson as a trademark compared with it’s biggest competitors and how the company can expand and create added value around its products. The aim with this essay is to study and to analyze Sony Ericsson’s creation of value and to increase understanding about strategy development. We have chosen to do this study on the basis of customer perspectives.</p><p>We have used existing theories that treat matters: added value, marketingmix and trademark image. In consideration of these we have tried to form our own theoretical model from existing theories. We have afterwards tested this model on empirics, that is based on a customer survey in Russia, which concerns customers’ view about biggest trademarks on the mobile market and above all Sony Ericsson.</p><p>In our survey we have come to the conclusion that customers consider Sony Ericsson as a company that gives a satisfying added value. Nokia has succeeded better to create an added value on it’s products and is considered by customers to be the most sought-after. Our survey shows that design can have the crucial role for creation of value.</p><p>In order to better satisfy the customers' needs and wishes on markets the companies must adapt their products and create added value through good product strategies, correct marketing measures and satisfying service. This increases the strength of trademark's image and gives better basis for creation of added value.</p>

In the first three decades since the granting of political independence to France's former African colonies, the novel form has been appropriated by postcolonial authors and articulates the possibility of a new relationship between the centre and the former margins. Fictional narrative has become central to the (re-) negotiation of power, authority, class and gender in a postcolonial African society. This thesis is a socio-historical study of selected texts which examines the re-writing of the African past and the appropriate of narrative voice by the inhabitants of marginal sites. Close readings of two earlier novels by Ousmane Sembene trace the development from the optimism of the pro-independence movement to the growing divisions within African society as an African elite replaces the former colonial population. While Sembene's novels reflect a belief in the certainties of the French language as a means of expression, Ahmadou Kourouma challenges its hegemony, introducing African grammatical structures and vocabulary into his texts. The shifting narrative voices and fragmented chronologies of Kourouma's texts expose the partial nature of historical writing and its relationship with fictional narrative. A close reading of texts by women authors examines the portrayal of female subjectivity and the ways in which these characters transcend the previously limiting stereotypes. Urban African society is explored from both a class and a gender perspective and in particular the way in which the post-colonial topology is disrupted by the marginalised. Finally, I chart the rise of neo-colonialism and the conditions which led to the rise of dictatorial regimes, revealing the centrality of language and iconography to the maintenance of governmental authority. I investigate the way in which satire and the presence of alternative, opposition discourses in the novels of Henri Lopes and Sony Labou Tansi calls into question the monolithic authority of the nation state.