M.A. (Public Management and Governance) / This study focused on perceptions of the role of teacher unions within the basic education system in secondary schools in Soweto, a township in the south of Johannesburg, South Africa. The main aim of the study was to determine whether the role that teacher unions play contributes negatively to the state of education in secondary schools in Soweto. To make this determination, the study focused on two secondary schools in Soweto. The study discussed the key purpose of teacher unions in education, and provides the legislated guidelines as well as perceptions of stakeholders in education in secondary schools in Soweto with regard to the extent of the influence of South African Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU) in two secondary schools in Soweto. As the biggest teacher union in the country with a large following of educators in secondary schools in Soweto, SADTU has significant power which can be directed to either enhance teaching and learning or inhibit teaching and learning in secondary schools in Soweto. If existing accountability processes are not implemented to ensure that teacher unions carry out their mandate in compliance with legislation, the state of education in secondary schools in Soweto may be at risk. The study utilized a qualitative research design, to analyze data gathered from existing literary knowledge on the subject, while qualitative interviews were conducted with respondents to establish their perceptions on the positive or negative contributions of SADTU in secondary schools in Soweto. The findings were that SADTU is perceived to be inhibiting the culture of teaching and learning in some secondary schools in Soweto. However, the study established that SADTU cannot be isolated as the only cause for a poor culture of teaching and learning in secondary schools in Soweto. The cumulative effect of the curriculum changes; lack of training of educators; pressure placed on the teaching and learning through strikes and dissent; and intimidation of some SADTU members are factors that have contributed negatively to the culture of teaching and learning in secondary schools in Soweto.

An Investigation into the Experience of Congregational Preaching at the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) in Soweto, Diepkloof Assembly Preaching is one of the main pastoral or congregational activities that takes place in all Christian congregations. The Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM), Diepkloof Assembly in Soweto has been selected as a study sample to investigate how church members experience their pastor’s preaching at church during worship services. In this study an empirical research was conducted by employing a qualitative research methodology, in which explorative, descriptive and contextual approaches have been applied. Phenomenological interviews were conducted among ten members of the AFM Diepkloof Assembly. The theory of data saturation was applied while conducting the interviews. This theory means that the researcher keeps on collecting data (e.g. by means of interviews) to obtain new data until no new information comes up. In this research, a literature study of the theoretical framework of preaching was undertaken to find out what the contemporary scholars think of congregational/pastoral preaching. There is a lack of African or black scholarship in this regard; most of the literature is from white scholars. Nevertheless, the researcher did establish a sound theoretical framework on congregational/pastoral preaching. Fieldwork mainly consisted of data collection through in-person, tape recorded interviews. This was followed by data analysis, through categorisation and a thematic analysis to draw scientific categories from the collected data. The findings, after data analysis, indicated that congregants generally regard:  the Bible as central in preaching  preaching as something that gives answers or solutions to real life problems  the preacher to be important and he/she must be in agreement with his/her message  preaching as having some influence on them to change their lifestyles for the better  preaching as a necessary activity that covers as wide range of subjects about (Christian) life. It was noted during this study that there are no empirical studies that have been undertaken on how church members in black township churches experience their pastors’ preaching. The literature control among white church members in suburban churches indicates that:  preaching must help to lead people to change (Swift,2005:18)  the person of the preacher plays a very crucial role in his/her preaching (Venter & Kim, 2004:147)  the teaching sermon should get more attention in our day (Pieterse, 2005:230)  the audience must be involved (be part of) in the preaching (Swift, 2005:230)  the preaching must be relevant to the lives of the audience (Swift, 2005:232). The above results of the literature control confirm what was gathered from the research findings. In conclusion, preaching still plays a very crucial role in the congregations, and that pastors and lay preachers need to continuously work on their preaching skills and methods to make it more effective and relevant to the contemporary church community and in society in general. / Dr. L.J. (Dennis) Erasmus Dr. S.J. (Lilly) Nortjé-Meyer

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / According to Dell (1989) violence is a strikingly lineal concept that is difficult to address from a systemic perspective. Regardless of this fact, violence is also operative in large systems and is part of society's predicaments. Violence exacts an enormous social cost which is concerned with the loss of self respect in both the perpetrators and the victims as well as the family and the broader social community (Nell & Butchart, 1989). Exploring how people construct and explain violence and how this affects them is the focus of this study. In addition the study will explore the victims' views on intervention strategies to be implemented to reduce this violence. In short, this is to bring together theoretical knowledge and people's common sense ideas. For the purpose of this study, open-ended interviews which were tape-recorded and conducted in the respondents' own language were employed for the purpose of information gathering. The tape recordings were then transcribed and translated in terms of Meyer's (1989) causal construct in psychology as well clustering similar themes that emerged-under different headings. The findings of this study will show that the subjects explained violence in terms of external causes and their ideas about how to prevent violence were concerned with violence at a political level rather than interpersonal level.

Ph.D. / The primary aim of this research project was to develop an appropriate management framework based on the development and management of teacher development activities through mentorship programmes, especially because this is one of the major challenges facing schools and or educational organizations' today, and in general and more specifically for the Gauteng Provincial Education Department, again for continuous school based teacher development especially the novice teachers in the selected adaptive schools of Soweto and in order to achieve the general aim of the research project, the following specific aims were investigated, namely: • develop an appropriate and specific framework for managing effective educator development activities through mentorship programmes • describe and develop relevant policies to improve the implementation and effectiveness of the mentorship and induction programmes. • describe the educator development and management of education through mentorship process and procedures as a vital component of education transformation • investigate empirically the perception of educator development and management of education in respect of mentorship activities, within the education personnel

M.Ed. / The problem in this study is informed by dysfunctional Soweto schools underperformance in terms of academic excellence and financial management. This research study is motivated on a large scale by the political changes that have taken place in South Africa, which impacted on transformation of the education system. The whole education system is democratic and allows for legitimate participation of all stakeholders on issues that concern the school. The main aim of this research was to investigate the existence of teamwork in the management of dysfunctional Soweto schools, the extent to which participants in decision making are involved in decisions affecting them and to gather their opinions on managing with teams. A combination of qualitative and quantitative study has thus been undertaken in an attempt to gain an understanding of the current situation as perceived by teachers, principals, parents and learners. The methods used have included the use of individual interviews and focus group interviews. A randomly selected sample of data was collected from five principals, twenty teachers, five parents and a focus group of learners from five dysfunctional Soweto schools. The idea was to obtain views from a broad cross sector of educators, parents, and learners. According to McMillan and Schumacher inductive analysis means that categories and relationships emerge from the data rather than being imposed on data prior to data collection. The researcher has therefore compiled categories and relationships from the data. From the research study conducted, it is clear that the concept “teamwork” is known by all involved in school matters. The respondents indicated that teamwork should be implemented in each school. It is also clear from the data collected and analyses that a highly involved management is needed, built on shared understanding on new ways of working and commitment to the improvement of performance. This means that managers and educators are to be empowered in as far as teamwork is concerned. The researcher recommends that the task of running the schools should not be the sole responsibility of the principal as it was in the past and that a collaborative effort of all stakeholders in education is important. / Prof. J.R. Debeila

According to the South African constitution everyone has the right to receive education in the official language or languages of their choice in public educational institution where that education is reasonably practicable. Contrary to this policy language continues to be a barrier for learners who use English as second language at Higher Education Institution, since indigenous languages have not yet been developed as academic/scientific languages. Most of the first year science learners at Rand Afrikaans University (Soweto Campus) come from high schools where their instructional language is not the same as the one, which is used at the university. Thus, most of them experience problems with regard to the language that is used in science. If language plays an important role in development of scientific thinking then student will have a problem in understanding, writing, speaking the language used in teaching and learning science. This research project attempts to identify the problems that students from disadvantaged schools have in the use of language in learning science in their first year at the university. The primary aim of this research is to directly observe the role of language in science education. It considers the language ability, language in textbooks, and the medium of instruction as the situational factors that need careful consideration. Quantitative research method was used for this research which includes subject, instrumentation, procedures for obtaining data, data analysis, presentation and design limitation. The data was gathered from questionnaires, interviews, and observations of the participation in lectures, tutorials and classical laboratory experiments. The research report concludes that there is a scope for consideration of more varied approaches to the role of language in science education. The research recommends that there is a need to develop Indigenous languages as academic/scientific languages for use of instruction and to develop student proficiency in currently designated languages of tuition (English and Afrikaans) at higher education institutions. / Prof. J.R. Debeila

When the National Party came into power in 1948, Apartheid began to influence all facets of South African life, also that of the theatre. This study documents Apartheid legislation and the resistance against it, then turns to a consideration of the most important protest dramas. The complex political background is utilized to identify and discuss three distinct lines of development, represented by the Afrikaans, English and Black theatre traditions. The Afrikaans-speaking white playwright was initially part of the Afrikaner's encompassing struggle for self-determination and self-assertion, where language, religion and nationalism played a dominant role. After the realization of the Afrikaner Nationalist ideals the Afrikaans writer gradually developed from mythbuilder to iconoclast: from "national hero" to "traitor". The resulting Afrikaans political protest theatre was aimed mainly at fellow Afrikaners and thus usually took on the guise of a drama of conscience, critically examining the Afrikaner psyche. Such plays did not advocate the subversion of the political system, but rather the humanization thereof. It comes from within the system: an examination of the Afrikaner, his ideas about religion, his ties to the land, his racial fear and prejudice, and his obsession with racial purity. The English speaking white playwright was initially represented as the liberal outsider with a humanitarian concern for the injustices wrought by racial discrimination, but at the same time sharing a sense of complicity in the situation and deeply rooted in the country. This complicity evolved into a full acceptance of responsibility by means of their involvement with black theatre groups, the establishment and management of non-racial theatres and companies, guidance to workshops and community projects, as well as the creation and writing of new plays. The criticism expressed predominantly derives from "white" perspectives on the South African reality (which tend to fix on the colour issue). The exceptions here are Athol Fugard' s workshop productions, which incorporate the "black experience" as well. The Black protest theatre (in its recognizable, Western form) developed late. Exposing the misery of the black citizen's daily existence under Apartheid, these works advocated the violent overthrow of the "regime" as the only permanent solution. Measured against Western standards the plays had a number of flaws: lack of structure, undisciplined acting and production, repetitive themes, cliches, as well as a tendency to over-simplify the political problem. The form incorporates aspects of traditional practices such as story-telling, song, dance, multi-role acting and ceremonial actions, but the content is determined by the urban, industrialized experience. Although there are more similarities between the development of the Black and Afrikaans political protest theatre, co-operation tended to develop largely between the Black and English theatre. In the decade after Soweto 1976 political protest dominated the South African theatre. While this movement did not actually succeed in subverting the "regime" or even in generating full-scale insurgence against the state, it did have an effect. Among the economically advantaged and elite white theatregoers, the "black" theatre fostered an awareness of daily life in the black community, and the "white" theatre a questioning of the morality of the social, religious and political order. The same plays provided the broad mass of black audiences with a heightened awareness of their own identity and self-esteem within the communal escape valve of public protest. By granting this form of theatre a prominent place in the ongoing public debate, the daily newspapers markedly increased the theatre's influence and impact. / Afrikaans: Met die bewindsoorname van die Nasionale Party in 1948 begin Apartheid 'n invloed op alle vlakke van die Suid-Afrikaanse bestaan uitoefen, ook op die teater. In hierdie studie word die Apartheidswetgewing en die verset daarteen uiteengesit, waarna die belangrikste protesdramas van die Afrikaanse, Engelse en Swart teater afsonderlik as drie ontwikkelingstrome teen hierdie komplekse politieke agtergrond beskryf word. Die Afrikaanssprekende blanke dramaturg skryf aanvanklik vanuit die totale Afrikanerstryd tot selfvestiging en -bevestiging, waarin taal, godsdiens en nasionalisme sentraal staan. Na die verwesenliking van die AfrikanerNasionalistiese ideale begin die Afrikaanse skrywer geleidelik ontwikkel van mitefiseerder tot ikonoklaster: van "volksheld" tot "volksverraaier". Die Afrikaanse politieke protesdrama is veral teen die mede-Afrikaner gemik, en word daarom meestal gewetensdrama wat die Afrikanerpsige krities ondersoek. Dit bepleit nie die omverwerping van die bestel nie, eerder die mensliker-maak daarvan. Dit kom van binne die sisteem: 'n ondersoek na die Afrikaner, sy godsdiensbegrip, gebondenheid aan die grond, rasse-vrees en -vooroordeel en sy obsessie met rasse-suiwerheid. Die Engelssprekende blanke dramaturg het aanvanklik die indruk gewek van die liberate buitestaander wat humaniter-besorg die onreg van rasse-diskriminasie aandui, maar terselfdertyd ook 'n mede-aandadigheid aan die situasie en 'n geworteldheid in die land ervaar. Hierdie aandadigheid ontwikkel tot 'n volle aanspreeklikheid in die samewerking met swart teatergroepe, die oprig en bestuur van nie-rassige teaters en geselskappe, optrede _ as leiers van werkwinkels en gemeenskapsprojekte en die skep en skryf van dramas. Die kritiek kom oorwegend vanuit die "blanke" realiteitbeskouing (wat wesenlik kleurbehep is) met die uitsondering van Athol Fugard se werkwinkelprojekte waarin die "swart ervaring" uitgebeeld word. Die Swart protesteater (in sy herkenbare, Westerse vorm) het 'n laat ontwikkeling gehad. Dit openbaar die ellende van die alledaagse bestaan van die swartman onder Apartheid en bepleit die gewelddadige omverwerping van die "regime" as enigste blywende oplossing. Gemeet aan Westerse standaarde het dit heelwat gebreke gehad: struktuurloosheid, ongedissiplineerde spel en aanbieding, herhalende temas, cliches, asook oorvereenvoudiging van die problematiek. Die vorm daarvan sluit nou aan by tradisionele gebruike soos vertelling, sang, dans, multi-rolspel en seremoniele handeling. Die inhoud word egter bepaal deur die stedelike, geindustrialiseerde ervaring. Alhoewel daar meer raakpunte tussen die ontwikkeling van die Afrikaanse en Swart politieke protesteater is, het samewerking veral tussen Swart en Engels plaasgevind, en nie tussen Afrikaans en Swart nie. In die dekade na Soweto 1976 was daar 'n ontploffing van politieke protesteater. Dit het nie die omverwerping van die "regime~_ of 'n grootskaalse opstand teen die staatsgesag veroorsaak nie. Wat wel bereik is, is dat daar deur die "swart" teater by 'n groep blanke toeskouers, uit die hoer klasse van die samelewing, 'n bewussyn gekweek is van die daaglikse lewensomstandighede van die anderskleurige Suid-Afrikaner; deur die "wit" teater 'n bevraagtekening van die moraliteit van die sosiale, godsdienstige en politieke orde; en by die swart gehore 'n verhoogde bewussyn van die eie identiteit en waarde binne die saambindende uitlaatklep van openbare protes. Terselfdertyd het die dagblaaie deur hulle omvangryke verslaggewing hierdie vorm van teater in die openbare debat geplaas en daardeur die trefkrag en invloed verhoog. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 1994. / Drama / DPhil / Unrestricted

Master of Public Health - MPH / The unequal balance of power between women and men, which has its roots in gender norms, contributes to both male and female vulnerability to HIVand sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Yet most HIV prevention activities target only women. There are, however, a range of civil society organisations that are currently working to promote gender equity and HIV prevention among men in South Africa.

Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs), when they first were introduced in the United States of America (USA), were support programmes providing assistance to alcohol addicted employees. During the 1960s, EAPs became comprehensive and offered employee assistance services (EAS) such as financial, marital and family, psychological, work-related stress, chemical dependency (alcohol and drugs), depression, health, anxiety, and even job boredom problems that affect employee work performance. Since then, EAPs have proven to be valuable because skilled and high performing employees who experienced problems could receive assistance in the workplace and once they overcame their problems, they often became more productive and more employers could benefit from EAPs. Due to the benefits provided by EAPs to both employees and employers, South Africa is one of the many countries that have adopted this performance-enhancing strategy. EAPs in South Africa are a relatively new workplace management phenomenon designed similarly to the USA model and thus do not have a long history. In the South African Police Service (SAPS), EAPs are as a result of the operational nature of policing services and the demanding conditions under which police services are carried-out. The EAPs are provided as a means of employee support to promote employee wellness and to create a working environment that is conducive to an effective and efficient delivery of police services. This research investigated the implementation of EAPs at Moroka Police Station, the biggest of the eleven (11) police stations that are situated within Soweto. This station serves approximately a total population of two hundred and fifty thousand (250 000) community members. The research gathered opinions of three selected groups of respondents (non-commissioned officers, EAP practitioners and commissioned officers) about the effectiveness of EAPs in the study area and how they can be improved. Employees in this police station, as in many others, are exposed to daily traumatic events since their duties require them to attend to crime scenes such as murder, collisions of varying seriousness, and often witness the murder of their colleagues. These incidents have a profoundly adverse impact on their psychological well-being and work performance. The findings show that even though remarkable progress has been made with the institutionalisation of EAPs, there are a few concerns which still require management’s attention. From the results of the interviews held with the non-commissioned officers, a few concerns, that if attended to could improve the effectiveness of EAP, include concerns about non-commissioned officers’ lack of knowledge of the functions of EAP, their general experience of EAP, the credibility and adherence by EAP practitioners to ethical guidelines, the frequency of the consultations as well as concerns about the accessibility of the EAP to them. The findings of the interviews held with EAP practitioners tended to be less complimentary than those gathered from non-commissioned officers, and a longer list of concerns was recorded. Numerous concerns that relate to the circumstance under which they administer EAS were articulated. These include concerns about how employees perceive the EAP and their understanding of EAS. Lastly the findings of the questionnaires administered to the commissioned officers, as compared to both the findings gathered from the non-commissioned officers and EAP practitioners, were more positive, especially their understanding of the EAP, how the EAP functions, their overall experience of the services provided through the EAP and their overall satisfaction of the EAS. Although the findings were positive there were few concerns that they identified as needing attention. These concerns are the functions of EAP, implementation of EAP, general experience of EAP, feedback from the EAP practitioners and resistance by employees to consult EAP practitioners. This research concludes by offering recommendations for each of the three groups, and by offering a research agenda for further investigation in this field. / Public Administration and Management / M.Tech. (Public Administration)

Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / The advent of shopping malls in the township called Soweto is allegedly having social and economic effects on residents. The aim of this study is to establish the effect of the two shopping malls known as Maponya and Jabulani on the residents of this township, which is the biggest township in South Africa. To achieve this, the study looked at the effect of these shopping malls on existing businesses (such as those housed in old shopping centres, general dealers, spaza shops, shebeens and street vending), property values and shoppers residing in Soweto. To facilitate a clear understanding of the social and economic effects of shopping malls in Soweto, the study looked at the history of the township and the reasons that accounted for the lack of economic infrastructure and hence the lack of proper shopping facilities in black townships. Events, reasons and conditions that had to be met leading to the present situation, in which a number of retail shopping facilities in black townships have been developed, were discussed and compared to the development of shopping malls in other countries. However, the main focus of this study is on the two big shopping malls known as Jabulani Mall located on the corner of Bolani Road and Koma Road in Jabulani, the traditional heartland of Soweto, and Maponya Mall located in Old Potchefstroom Road (now Chris Hani Road) opposite the township called Pimville. The study looked at international as well as local literature dealing with the effect of shopping malls on shoppers, small businesses and residential property values. From the literature review, it became evident that the advent of shopping centres in areas where there had been none has noticeable economic and/or social impacts on the area. A total of 58 businesses (13 spaza shops, 12 general dealers, 12 shebeens/taverns, 12 street vendors and 9 shops located in old shopping centres), four estate agencies and 75 households were interviewed face to face. Businesses were interviewed on their business premises and households were interviewed in their places of residences using semi-structured questions. The study found that shoppers were positively affected. Convenience, time and cost-savings were the main factors cited to contribute to the respondents‟ positive feelings about these two malls. On the business side, spaza shops and general dealers were negatively affected, while shebeens and street vending were positively affected. The overall effect of these two shopping malls was as follows: All the local businesses combined experienced a decline of five per cent in their business while shopping trips by residents to malls outside Soweto declined by five per cent.