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Simulating the Spatial Distribution of Population and Emissions to 2100Asadoorian, Malcolm O. 05 1900 (has links)
Urbanization and economic development have important implications for many environmental processes including global climate change. Although there is evidence that urbanization depends endogenously on economic variables, long-term forecasts of the spatial distribution of population are often made exogenously and independent of economic conditions. A beta distribution for individual countries/regions is estimated to describe the geographical distribution of population using a 1° x 1° latitude-longitude global population data set. Cross-sectional country/regional data are then used to estimate an empirical relationship between parameters of the beta distribution and macroeconomic variables as they vary among countries/regions. This conditional beta distribution allows the simulation of a changing distribution of population, including the growth of urban areas, driven by economic forecasts until the year 2100. / Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
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Three Essays on Spatial Econometric Models with Missing DataWang, Wei 03 September 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Os modelos VAR e VEC espaciais : uma abordagem bayesianaHauer, Mariana January 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o Modelo Vetorial Autorregressivo (VAR) e uma das suas variações, o Modelo Vetorial de Correções de Erros (VEC), segundo uma abordagem Bayesiana, considerando componentes regionais, que serão inseridos nos modelos apresentados através de informações a priori que levam em consideração a localização dos dados. Para formar tais informações a priori são utilizados conceitos referentes à econometria espacial, como por exemplo, as relações de contigüidade e as implicações que estas trazem. Como exemplo ilustrativo, o modelo em questão será aplicado a um conjunto de dados regionais, coletados por estados brasileiros. Este conjunto de dados consiste em observações da variável produção industrial para oito estados, no período de janeiro de 1991 a setembro de 2006. Em função da escolha do modelo adequado, a questão central foi descobrir em que medida a incorporação destas informações a priori no modelo VEC Bayesiano é coerente quando estimamos modelos que consideram informações localizacionais. / The main goal of this work is to present the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and one of its variations, the Vector Error Correction Model (VEC), according to a Bayesian variant, considering regional components that will be inserted in the models presented through prior information, which takes in consideration the data localization. To form such prior information, spatial econometrics is used, as for example the contiguity relations and the implications that these bring to the modeling. As illustrative example, the model in question will be applied to a regional data set, collected for Brazilian states. This data set consists of industrial production for eight states, in the period between January 1991 and September 2006. The central question is to uncover whether the incorporation of these prior informations in the Bayesian VEC Model is coherent when we use models that consider contiguity information.
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Os modelos VAR e VEC espaciais : uma abordagem bayesianaHauer, Mariana January 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o Modelo Vetorial Autorregressivo (VAR) e uma das suas variações, o Modelo Vetorial de Correções de Erros (VEC), segundo uma abordagem Bayesiana, considerando componentes regionais, que serão inseridos nos modelos apresentados através de informações a priori que levam em consideração a localização dos dados. Para formar tais informações a priori são utilizados conceitos referentes à econometria espacial, como por exemplo, as relações de contigüidade e as implicações que estas trazem. Como exemplo ilustrativo, o modelo em questão será aplicado a um conjunto de dados regionais, coletados por estados brasileiros. Este conjunto de dados consiste em observações da variável produção industrial para oito estados, no período de janeiro de 1991 a setembro de 2006. Em função da escolha do modelo adequado, a questão central foi descobrir em que medida a incorporação destas informações a priori no modelo VEC Bayesiano é coerente quando estimamos modelos que consideram informações localizacionais. / The main goal of this work is to present the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and one of its variations, the Vector Error Correction Model (VEC), according to a Bayesian variant, considering regional components that will be inserted in the models presented through prior information, which takes in consideration the data localization. To form such prior information, spatial econometrics is used, as for example the contiguity relations and the implications that these bring to the modeling. As illustrative example, the model in question will be applied to a regional data set, collected for Brazilian states. This data set consists of industrial production for eight states, in the period between January 1991 and September 2006. The central question is to uncover whether the incorporation of these prior informations in the Bayesian VEC Model is coherent when we use models that consider contiguity information.
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Os modelos VAR e VEC espaciais : uma abordagem bayesianaHauer, Mariana January 2007 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o Modelo Vetorial Autorregressivo (VAR) e uma das suas variações, o Modelo Vetorial de Correções de Erros (VEC), segundo uma abordagem Bayesiana, considerando componentes regionais, que serão inseridos nos modelos apresentados através de informações a priori que levam em consideração a localização dos dados. Para formar tais informações a priori são utilizados conceitos referentes à econometria espacial, como por exemplo, as relações de contigüidade e as implicações que estas trazem. Como exemplo ilustrativo, o modelo em questão será aplicado a um conjunto de dados regionais, coletados por estados brasileiros. Este conjunto de dados consiste em observações da variável produção industrial para oito estados, no período de janeiro de 1991 a setembro de 2006. Em função da escolha do modelo adequado, a questão central foi descobrir em que medida a incorporação destas informações a priori no modelo VEC Bayesiano é coerente quando estimamos modelos que consideram informações localizacionais. / The main goal of this work is to present the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and one of its variations, the Vector Error Correction Model (VEC), according to a Bayesian variant, considering regional components that will be inserted in the models presented through prior information, which takes in consideration the data localization. To form such prior information, spatial econometrics is used, as for example the contiguity relations and the implications that these bring to the modeling. As illustrative example, the model in question will be applied to a regional data set, collected for Brazilian states. This data set consists of industrial production for eight states, in the period between January 1991 and September 2006. The central question is to uncover whether the incorporation of these prior informations in the Bayesian VEC Model is coherent when we use models that consider contiguity information.
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Spatial competition, conflict and cooperationDietz, Robert D. 14 October 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Aglomerações populacionais na região norte do Brasil de 1980 a 2000: uma abordagem por meio da nova geografia econômica / Population Agglomeration in Brazilian North Region from 1980 to 2000: an approach based on the New Economic GeographySilva, Renilson Rodrigues da 15 March 2011 (has links)
O objetivo geral da tese é analisar o crescimento populacional desigual dos municípios que compõem a Região Norte do Brasil e quantificar os determinantes desse crescimento no período de 1980 a 2000. Esse período é longo o suficiente para captar o movimento de pessoas e também foi escolhido devido à disponibilidade de informações para estimar as equações a serem propostas. Utilizando os conceitos da Nova Geografia Econômica - NGE em nível de município, são propostas e estimadas duas equações para explicar o crescimento populacional, uma para a população rural e outra para a urbana. Estas equações visam testar as hipóteses de que o isolamento geográfico é um determinante da condição econômica da Região Norte e de que as aglomerações populacionais, representadas pelas taxas de crescimento populacional, atuam como indutores do crescimento. Essas equações têm como variável dependente a taxa de crescimento populacional. Como variáveis explanatórias, utilizam-se aquelas chamadas de primeira natureza: latitude, longitude, altitude e proximidade às capitais. De segunda natureza, aquelas ligadas a aspectos socioeconômicos: IDHs, salários, participação dos setores rural e urbano no emprego e o potencial de mercado. Esta última variável, por sua vez, é mensurada por meio de um índice de acessibilidade, que como é demonstrado por formulação teórica, representa o potencial de mercado. No entanto, para a criação desse índice, é necessário compatibilizar os dados dos censos demográficos, exigindo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia específica, proposta também nesta tese, por meio de ponderações e uso de Polígonos de Voronoi. Em seguida, as equações propostas são estimadas. A primeira estimação é feita por meio de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários. Na seqüência, testam-se os parâmetros para identificar ou não a necessidade de aplicar o fenômeno espacial no modelo, que é feito com técnicas de econometria espacial. As equações foram bem ajustadas com a incorporação do fenômeno espacial e estão coerentes com a fundamentação teórica. Isso valida a primeira hipótese formulada na tese, de que os municípios mais pobres têm no fator isolamento geográfico um dos determinantes da sua condição econômica. As dificuldades de acesso impedem esses municípios de escoar sua produção, basicamente oriunda da agropecuária, aos mercados potenciais. No período analisado, evidenciou-se a segunda hipótese, de que houve redução nos custos de transportes, que culminou na melhoria da acessibilidade e na formação das aglomerações populacionais. Consequentemente, as grandes aglomerações populacionais passaram a demandar produtos da própria região, gerando crescimento e melhorando as condições socioeconômicas de seus vizinhos, atuando como indutores de crescimento. Como contribuição, esta tese acrescenta à literatura brasileira, especialmente a respeito da Região Norte do Brasil, um indicador de acessibilidade aos mercados que capta as principais diferenças na infra-estrutura dos municípios existentes nessa região. A criação e estimativa desse indicador são de extrema importância na análise do processo de crescimento das cidades, já que os resultados sugeriram que grande parte da desigualdade sociais na região seja causada, entre outros fatores, pelas dificuldades de acesso. Os resultados obtidos também se convertem em fontes auxiliares para a formulação de políticas públicas, cujos objetivos visam melhorar as condições de vida da população. / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the unequal growth of population in the municipalities that compounds the Northern Region of Brazil and measure the determinants of this growth. Time period from 1980 to 2000 is considered because it is long enough to capture the migration of people as well as all analyzed variables have available information during this time period. Using the concepts of New Economic Geography - NEG, two equations are proposed to estimate population growth, for rural and urban population, at municipal level. The dependent variables in both equations are the growth rate of population (rural and urban) and they were designed in order to test two assumptions: first, geographic isolation is a main determinant of economic condition of Northern Brazilian municipalities; second, major cities (population agglomerations) act as growth promoters. Independent variables are classified in two groups: first group includes the so called first nature variables, including latitude, longitude, altitude, proximity to the capital; the second group is called the second nature variables, including human development indexes (income, health and education), wages, share of rural and urban areas in workforce, and a market potential index. The latter is approaching by an accessibility index, as demonstrated by the theoretical formulation regarding to the market potential. In order to estimate the accessibility index, census database needs to be regrouped, which requires a specific method based on the Voronoi Polygons and generating the comparable minimum areas (AMC in Portuguese). In sequence, the empirical model is adjusted and estimates. The first estimation is done by using the Ordinary Least Square method. Then, the parameters are tested in order to identify whether or not is need to apply the spatial phenomenon into model, which is done by spatial econometric techniques. The equations were fitted well with the incorporation of spatial phenomena, and they were consistent with the theoretical framework. This validates the first assumptions formulated in this thesis that the poorest municipality has the geographical isolation as one determinant of their economic condition. The access bottlenecks prevent these municipalities of transporting their production mainly from agriculture - to the potential market. It was found that the transportation cost has decreased due to the improvement of accessibility, and consequently creating the agglomerations. Consequently, the large agglomerations began to demand products from their neighboring region, generating growth and improving the socioeconomic conditions of its neighbor cities. Hence, the major cities have acted as growth-promoters. This thesis adds to the Brazilian literature, in particular the one related to the Northern Brazilian Region, an accessibility indicator to the market that catches the main difference in the transport infrastructure among Northern municipalities. These differences are crucial to facilitate or hinder the process of economic growth. The creating of this indicator is extremely important in the analysis of city growth, since the results suggest that most part of the income inequality in North Region is caused by the access bottlenecks. The results achieved in this thesis help to formulate public policy addressing to improve the living conditions of the population living in the Northern Region of Brazil.
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Aglomerações populacionais na região norte do Brasil de 1980 a 2000: uma abordagem por meio da nova geografia econômica / Population Agglomeration in Brazilian North Region from 1980 to 2000: an approach based on the New Economic GeographyRenilson Rodrigues da Silva 15 March 2011 (has links)
O objetivo geral da tese é analisar o crescimento populacional desigual dos municípios que compõem a Região Norte do Brasil e quantificar os determinantes desse crescimento no período de 1980 a 2000. Esse período é longo o suficiente para captar o movimento de pessoas e também foi escolhido devido à disponibilidade de informações para estimar as equações a serem propostas. Utilizando os conceitos da Nova Geografia Econômica - NGE em nível de município, são propostas e estimadas duas equações para explicar o crescimento populacional, uma para a população rural e outra para a urbana. Estas equações visam testar as hipóteses de que o isolamento geográfico é um determinante da condição econômica da Região Norte e de que as aglomerações populacionais, representadas pelas taxas de crescimento populacional, atuam como indutores do crescimento. Essas equações têm como variável dependente a taxa de crescimento populacional. Como variáveis explanatórias, utilizam-se aquelas chamadas de primeira natureza: latitude, longitude, altitude e proximidade às capitais. De segunda natureza, aquelas ligadas a aspectos socioeconômicos: IDHs, salários, participação dos setores rural e urbano no emprego e o potencial de mercado. Esta última variável, por sua vez, é mensurada por meio de um índice de acessibilidade, que como é demonstrado por formulação teórica, representa o potencial de mercado. No entanto, para a criação desse índice, é necessário compatibilizar os dados dos censos demográficos, exigindo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia específica, proposta também nesta tese, por meio de ponderações e uso de Polígonos de Voronoi. Em seguida, as equações propostas são estimadas. A primeira estimação é feita por meio de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários. Na seqüência, testam-se os parâmetros para identificar ou não a necessidade de aplicar o fenômeno espacial no modelo, que é feito com técnicas de econometria espacial. As equações foram bem ajustadas com a incorporação do fenômeno espacial e estão coerentes com a fundamentação teórica. Isso valida a primeira hipótese formulada na tese, de que os municípios mais pobres têm no fator isolamento geográfico um dos determinantes da sua condição econômica. As dificuldades de acesso impedem esses municípios de escoar sua produção, basicamente oriunda da agropecuária, aos mercados potenciais. No período analisado, evidenciou-se a segunda hipótese, de que houve redução nos custos de transportes, que culminou na melhoria da acessibilidade e na formação das aglomerações populacionais. Consequentemente, as grandes aglomerações populacionais passaram a demandar produtos da própria região, gerando crescimento e melhorando as condições socioeconômicas de seus vizinhos, atuando como indutores de crescimento. Como contribuição, esta tese acrescenta à literatura brasileira, especialmente a respeito da Região Norte do Brasil, um indicador de acessibilidade aos mercados que capta as principais diferenças na infra-estrutura dos municípios existentes nessa região. A criação e estimativa desse indicador são de extrema importância na análise do processo de crescimento das cidades, já que os resultados sugeriram que grande parte da desigualdade sociais na região seja causada, entre outros fatores, pelas dificuldades de acesso. Os resultados obtidos também se convertem em fontes auxiliares para a formulação de políticas públicas, cujos objetivos visam melhorar as condições de vida da população. / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the unequal growth of population in the municipalities that compounds the Northern Region of Brazil and measure the determinants of this growth. Time period from 1980 to 2000 is considered because it is long enough to capture the migration of people as well as all analyzed variables have available information during this time period. Using the concepts of New Economic Geography - NEG, two equations are proposed to estimate population growth, for rural and urban population, at municipal level. The dependent variables in both equations are the growth rate of population (rural and urban) and they were designed in order to test two assumptions: first, geographic isolation is a main determinant of economic condition of Northern Brazilian municipalities; second, major cities (population agglomerations) act as growth promoters. Independent variables are classified in two groups: first group includes the so called first nature variables, including latitude, longitude, altitude, proximity to the capital; the second group is called the second nature variables, including human development indexes (income, health and education), wages, share of rural and urban areas in workforce, and a market potential index. The latter is approaching by an accessibility index, as demonstrated by the theoretical formulation regarding to the market potential. In order to estimate the accessibility index, census database needs to be regrouped, which requires a specific method based on the Voronoi Polygons and generating the comparable minimum areas (AMC in Portuguese). In sequence, the empirical model is adjusted and estimates. The first estimation is done by using the Ordinary Least Square method. Then, the parameters are tested in order to identify whether or not is need to apply the spatial phenomenon into model, which is done by spatial econometric techniques. The equations were fitted well with the incorporation of spatial phenomena, and they were consistent with the theoretical framework. This validates the first assumptions formulated in this thesis that the poorest municipality has the geographical isolation as one determinant of their economic condition. The access bottlenecks prevent these municipalities of transporting their production mainly from agriculture - to the potential market. It was found that the transportation cost has decreased due to the improvement of accessibility, and consequently creating the agglomerations. Consequently, the large agglomerations began to demand products from their neighboring region, generating growth and improving the socioeconomic conditions of its neighbor cities. Hence, the major cities have acted as growth-promoters. This thesis adds to the Brazilian literature, in particular the one related to the Northern Brazilian Region, an accessibility indicator to the market that catches the main difference in the transport infrastructure among Northern municipalities. These differences are crucial to facilitate or hinder the process of economic growth. The creating of this indicator is extremely important in the analysis of city growth, since the results suggest that most part of the income inequality in North Region is caused by the access bottlenecks. The results achieved in this thesis help to formulate public policy addressing to improve the living conditions of the population living in the Northern Region of Brazil.
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Processus de complexification des systèmes productifs : de nouvelles dynamiques et trajectoires de developpement pour les MENA / Three essays on company based savings plans and shared capitalismBen Saad, Myriam 06 October 2017 (has links)
La région MENA est aujourd’hui, au centre d’ambitieux enjeux économiques essentiellement en matière d’intégration régionale et de transformation structurelle. Toutefois, les Etats Arabes de cette région ont présenté des défaillances et une vulnérabilité importante dans le système économique et productif au lendemain des mouvements et des bouleversements politiques, économiques, sociales et populaires de très grande ampleur. Ces chocs apportent un lot de nouveaux défis à relever. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier les nouvelles dynamiques du processus de transformation structurelle afin de proposer de nouvelles trajectoires de développement pour ces pays. Dans cette optique, nous abordons les questions liées aux déterminants et aux effets spatiaux de ce processus, à la relation entre d’une part la complexité économique et la pollution de l’air, et d’autre part, la complexité économique et les inégalités de genre en éducation. Pour cela, nous considérons un panel dynamique de 133 pays qui couvre une période longue et récente (1984 à 2014). En utilisant des données récentes et en intégrant des paramètres jusque-là peu utilisés, nous mettons en évidence des caractéristiques particulières du processus de complexification des systèmes productifs. D’un point de vue général, les résultats révèlent que les performances en matière de complexification des systèmes productifs sont très hétérogènes au sein des pays MENA et que leurs déterminants dépendent des caractéristiques des économies. Les fortes disparités observées s’expliquent, au-delà de l’effet significatif du revenu par habitant, par une carence dans le système institutionnel, éducatif en particulier dans l’accès à l’innovation, mais aussi à l’abondance des ressources naturelles ou encore à l’attractivité des investissements directs étrangers. Au-delà des caractéristiques individuelles des économies, l’analyse spatiale montre que des facteurs géographiques tels que le taux d’urbanisation, les accords commerciaux, et la localisation spatiale jouent un rôle très important dans le processus de transformation structurelle. Nous apportons également, grâce aux outils tirés de la mécanique classique, des réponses aux limites des modèles économiques traditionnels qui peinent à démontrer l’existence d’un processus d’accélération du développement économique. / MENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of accelerating economic development.
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空地開發外部性對住宅土地價格影響之研究-台南市的實證分析 / Spatial Externalities Impact of development of vacant land on Residential Land Prices-Evidence from Tainan City曾菁敏, Tseng,Ching Min Unknown Date (has links)
人類的思考決策與行為結果,大多是依循一個明確的市場制度而為的,故市場經濟制度的重要性,就在於有利個人形成如何有效配置資源的合理預期,同時也富有約束及激勵個人行為的誘因,讓個人能在制度約束的條件下,追求自利動機的極大化。都市空地再利用及市地重劃的法令制度,就具有這樣的經濟效應,所以本研究主要在探討,在空地再利用及市地重劃制度的約束與激勵條件下,都市中的經濟人行為決策與個體互動所形成的空間外部性,其會如何反應在住宅土地價格的變動,以探討空地再利用及空地開發所產生的空間外部性對住宅土地價格之影響。本文主要包括(1)空地再利用對住宅土地價格之影響;(2)空地再利用及鄰里土地開發對新建住宅土地價格之影響;(3)空間外部性、交易成本與市地重劃對新建住宅土地價格之影響等。
首先,有關「空地再利用對住宅土地價格之影響」,本文以Geoghegan(2002)的理論模型為基礎,主要探討空地再利用所產生的開放空間效果,其對於住宅土地價格的影響分析。本文運用地理資訊系統及空間計量分析,並建立民國九十三年及九十四年住宅土地的特徵價格模型,研究對象以台南市為例。實證結果發現,公有空地再利用作為公園及臨時停車場使用,其對於住宅土地價格產生正的空間外溢效果,此表示空地再利用所產生的開放空間的外溢利益,其大於空地管理維護的外溢成本。私有空地再利用作為運動場使用,民國九十三年的外部成本大於外部利益,但於民國九十四年的外部利益大於外部成本,故就私有空地再利用的外溢效果而言,私有空地再利用作為運動場使用的外溢效果可由負向轉為正向。公有空地再利用的邊際價格較私有空地再利用的邊際價格為高,故政府應繼續推動公有空地再利用的政策,以彌補鄰里的開放空間不足。
其次,有關「空地再利用及鄰里土地開發對新建住宅土地價格之影響」,本文主要在探討空地再利用所產生的開放空間效果,及鄰里土地開發所產生的空間外溢效果,兩者對於新建住宅土地價格的影響分析,本研究範圍以台南市民國九十三年的新建住宅為對象。實證結果發現,公有空地再利用對於新建住宅土地價格具有正的空間外溢效果,此表示開放空間的外溢利益大於空地管理維護的外溢成本。鄰里土地開發作為住宅使用時,會對新建住宅土地價格形成正的空間外溢效果,但當鄰里土地開發作為工廠使用時,卻會對新建住宅土地價格形成負的空間外溢效果。最有價值的住宅土地為,開放空間數量最大化及土地開發數量的最小化,故當永久性的開放空間(如鄰里公園)、可開發性的開放空間(如公有空地再利用)數量增加,以及鄰里工廠土地開發數量減少等,其將有助提高新建住宅土地價格。
最後,有關「空間外部性、交易成本與市地重劃對新建住宅土地價格之影響」,本文主要從政府實施市地重劃有助於降低交易成本的觀點,探討政府實施市地重劃制度及建設商的土地開發行為所產生的空間外部性,其反應在新建住宅土地價格的影響。本文運用空間計量分析及地理資訊系統,並結合Box-Cox函數轉換,以建構具有空間外部性的特徵價格模型。本文研究範圍以台南市民國八十年、八十五年及九十年的新建住宅為對象。實證結果得知,空間誤差Box-Cox模型對於空間外部性提供良好的解釋力。政府實施市地重劃之後對住宅土地價格具有正向外部性,且有政府參與的重劃區所反應的住宅土地邊際價格為正向關係。而建設商個體互動關係則具有正向及負向外部性,並在長期下出現由正向轉為負向之情況,此證明空間外部性會呈現相互性的現象,進而反應在新建住宅土地價格上會有增減的作用。 / This study mainly assumes that development of vacant land give rise to spatial externalities from the reuse of vacant land and the institution of land readjustment. Finally, this effect will be reflected in the residential land prices. To test this hypothesis, this study applies spatial econometric and geographic information systems based on hedonic pricing model. This study mainly includes that (1) The Impact of Reusing Vacant Land on Residential Land Prices, ( 2) The Impact of Reusing Vacant Land and Neighboring Land Development on Newly-Built Residential Land Prices, ( 3) The Impact of Spatial Externalities, Transaction Costs and Land Readjustment on Newly-Built Residential Land Prices, and evidence from Tainan City in Taiwan.
First of all, about’ The Impact of Reusing Vacant Land on Residential Land Prices’, This study is based on Geoghegan’s theoretical model (2002) and focuses on open space effect of reusing vacant land on residential land prices. The data are selected from residential land prices in 2004, 2005. Empirically, I find that the reuse of publicly-owned vacant land used for green and park has positive spatial spillover effects. This means that spillover benefit of open space is more than spillover cost of vacant land management. The reuse of privately-owned vacant land used for sport has negative spatial spillover effects in 2004. The marginal price of publicly-owned vacant land is over than privately-owned vacant land. It is concluded that, the government should continue promoting the reuse of publicly-owned vacant land and used for open space of the neighborhood.
Secondly, about’ The Impact of Reusing Vacant Land and Neighboring Land Development on Newly-Built Residential Land Prices’, This study focuses on open space effect of reusing vacant land and spatial spillover effect of neighboring land development on newly-built residential land prices. The data are selected from newly-built residence in 2004. Empirically, I find that the reuse of publicly-owned vacant land has positive spatial spillover effects on newly-built residential land prices. This means that spillover benefit of open space is more than spillover cost of vacant land management. Land development used for residence has positive spatial spillover effects and used for factory has negative spatial spillover effects in a neighborhood. This means that more the reuse of publicly-owned vacant land will increase newly-built residential land prices, while more land development used for factory will decrease newly-built residential land prices in a neighborhood.
Finally, about’ The Impact of Spatial Externalities, Transaction Costs and Land Readjustment on Newly-Built Residential Land Prices’, This Study mainly assumes that land readjustment can reduce transaction costs in terms of the spatial externalities from developers’ behavior and the institution of land readjustment. This effect will be reflected in the newly-built residential land prices. To test this hypothesis, I apply spatial econometric analysis and geographic information systems based on the Box-Cox hedonic pricing model. The data are selected from newly-built residence from between 1991, 1996 and 2001. Empirically, I find that the spatial error Box-Cox model is appropriate for engaging in spatial externalities analysis. This is because the results show that land readjustment gives rise to positive spatial externalities on newly-built residential land prices and the marginal price of residential land in areas where land readjustment takes place is also positive. The effects of developers’ interactions give rise to positive spatial externalities but these change to negative spatial externalities in relation to newly-built residential land prices in the long term. It is concluded that, land readjustment as implemented by the government really does contribute to reducing uncertainty in the land development process, and also reduces transaction costs between construction practitioners and landlords.
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