Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_lr_me_prud.pdf: 1503241 bytes, checksum: 70f9983e4d75d8593ab7f2d397146db7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Imagens multiespectrais de alta resolução espacial podem se constituir em uma fonte de dados adequada para o mapeamento de processos associados ao desenvolvimento de culturas agrícolas, como a detecção de plantas daninhas. A aerofotogrametria convencional e imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial são alternativas para aquisição dessas imagens. Entretanto, devido ao custo elevado da aquisição destas imagens, tem sido desenvolvido, pelo Departamento de Cartografia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP de Presidente Prudente, um Sistema de Sensoriamento Remoto Aerotransportado (SRA), capaz de oferecer resolução espacial sub-métrica. Este trabalho considerou a hipótese de que a partir de imagens adquiridas pelo Sistema é possível discriminar graus de infestação de plantas daninhas em culturas de café. Para investigar esta hipótese, foi realizado o mapeamento de plantas daninhas utilizando dois diferentes métodos: classificação de imagens multiespectrais (classificação por redes neurais artificiais - RNA) e análise geoestatística (krigagem por indicação com dados indiretos). Os mapas temáticos foram submetidos à análise da qualidade temática. A krigagem por indicação apresentou resultados suavizados e confusos, ao contrário da classificação por RNA, a qual se constituiu num método eficiente para o objetivo proposto, confirmando a hipótese inicial da investigação. / Multispectral images with high spatial resolution can be a suitable data source for the mapping of processes associated to the crop development, as detection of weed. The aerial photogrammetry and satellite image of high spatial resolution are alternatives for the aquisition of these images. However, due to the high cost of these images, a Sistema de Sensoriamento Remoto Aerotransportado - SRA, which is capable of to offer sub-metric spatial resolution has been developed by the Department of Cartography, FCT/Unesp (Presidente Prudente). This work taked into account the hypothesis that is possible to discriminate infestation degree of weed in coffee crop from high spatial resolution multispectral images. To investigate this hypothesis, it was accomplished the mapping using two different methods: multispectral images classification (artificial neural networks classification) and geoestatistics analysis (Indicator kriging with soft data). The thematics maps were submitted to the analysis of thematic quality. The indicator kriging showed smoothed and confused results instead of the artificial neural networks classification, whose results were efficient for the purpose, confirming the initial hypothesis of the investigation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12342.pdf: 14453245 bytes, checksum: d663bec3e62922a0d773fb585931e4de (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Miriam Lucas (miriam.lucas@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-04T14:16:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Diego_Dieferson_Apolinario_2013.pdf: 11159824 bytes, checksum: a7eb832c477da03385c667bc970781c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T14:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Diego_Dieferson_Apolinario_2013.pdf: 11159824 bytes, checksum: a7eb832c477da03385c667bc970781c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The spatial electric load forescating aims to determine the sapatial and temporal distribution of the growth of electricity demand in the service area of a distribution utility. This information is vital to support the process of decision making in planning the expansion and operation of dostribution networks in the medium and long term. Currently there are many methodologies that can perform spatial load forecasting, among these cell models hace been the most widely used in recent years. Moreover, these models need to be calibrated with information concerning the data in the studied region and one of these information is the spatial rsolution. This work presents a partitioning method, using a divisive algorithm, to crate homogeneous grid cells for cellular models used in saptial electric load forecasting, and thereby determine a spatial resolution that allowa for proper display and inference from the obtained at ffeder ordistribution transformer levels. / A previsão espacial de demanda em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica visa determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal do crescimento da demanda de energia elétrica na área se serviço. Essa informação é de vital importância para apoiar o processo de tomada de decisões no planejamento da expansão e operação das redes de distribuição no médio e longo prazo. Atualmente existem muitas metodologias que permitem a previsão espacial de carga, dentre estas os modelos celulares tem sido os mais utilizados nos últimos anos. Além disso, estes modelos precisam ser calibrados com informações referentes aos dados da região em estudo, e uma dessas informações é a resolução espacial. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma metodologia de particionamento, utilizando um algoritmo divisivo com a finalidade de criar quadrículas homogêneas para os modelos celulares utilizados na previsão espacial de carga, e desta forma determinar uma resolução espacial que permita uma aprpriada visualização e inferência dos resultados obtidos na previsão espacial de carga ao nivel de alimentador ou transformador de distribuição.

La dispersion et le transport atmosphérique d'ammoniac (NH3) émis par les sources agricoles et son dépôt sec sur le sol et la végétation peuvent entraîner la dégradation des écosystèmes sensibles, ainsi que l'acidification des sols. Les concentrations atmosphériques et les dépôts secs de NH3 sont généralement plus élevés à côté des sources d'émission, et les impacts environnementaux sur les écosystèmes sensibles sont souvent les plus importants à ces endroits. Pour mieux évaluer les impacts et leur étendue à l’échelle de paysages agricoles, des revues scientifiques sur les méthodes d'évaluation des impacts de NH3 ont recommandé une comparaison entre différents types de modèles à différentes échelles spatiales. Dans ce contexte, nous avons comparé les flux de NH3 simulés par deux modèles de dispersion, de transport et de dépôt par voie atmosphérique (CHIMERE et OPS-ST), pour différents scénarios théoriques et semi-réels et pour différentes tailles de maille des modèles. Les résultats de simulations montrent que les dépôts secs annuels de NH3, moyennés sur le domaine d’étude, sont comparables pour des tailles de maille correspondant aux tailles pour lesquelles les modèles ont été conçus. Cela implique que les modèles eulériens fonctionnant à des résolutions kilométriques peuvent être utilisés pour simuler l’impact du NH3 sur la composition chimique de l’atmosphère. Les résultats divergent entre les modèles à proximité des sources. Les conditions météorologiques et la taille des mailles sont les facteurs ayant les effets les plus marqués sur les résultats des deux modèles. Enfin, nos résultats montrent que la détection des dépassements de charges critiques à proximité des sources est mieux représentée avec OPS-ST qu’avec CHIMERE, avec lequel on observe une surestimation des surfaces dépassant les charges critiques. / Short-range atmospheric dispersion of ammonia emitted by agricultural sources and its subsequent deposition to soil and vegetation can lead to the degradation of sensitive ecosystems as well as soil acidification. Atmospheric concentrations and dry depositions rates of NH3 are generally higher near the emission source and environmental impacts on sensitive ecosystems are often largest at these locations. To better evaluate the impacts and their extent at the agricultural landscapes scale, scientific reviews of NH3 assessment methods recommended a comparison between different types of models at different spatial scales. In this context, we compared NH3 fluxes simulated by two atmospheric dispersion, transport and deposition models (CHIMERE and OPS-ST) for different theoretical and semi-real scenarios and for different grid cell sizes. The simulation results show that the averaged NH3 dry deposition over the investigated domains is comparable for grid cell sizes for which the models were designed. This implies that eulerian models with a km scale horizontal resolution can be used for studying the larger scale impact of NH3 on atmospheric composition despite an inadequate treatment of near source dry deposition, for which the models diverge. Meteorological conditions and grid cell size are the factors having the strongest effects on the results of the two models. NH3 dry deposition predictions can be used to map critical load exceedances, our results show that the detection of these exceedances near to the sources is better represented with OPS-ST than with CHIMERE, the latter showing an overestimation of the surfaces exceeding critical loads.

This diploma thesis deals with noncontact temperature measurement using luminescent materials. In the theoretical part of the thesis, luminescent materials were selected on the basis of a literature review with respect to sensitivity and operating temperature range. In the experimental part of the thesis, photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS and GaAs quantum dots for various temperatures was measured and the relative change of luminescence parameters such as emission peak position, intensity, intensity ratio of two emission peaks, and lifetime of luminescence were determined from the measurements in agreement with expectations according to the literature. Achieving high spatial resolution would be made possible by measuring cathodoluminescence, where the luminescence spectra are obtained with an order of magnitude higher spatial resolution. These measurements and the influence of electron beam on the luminescence quality of selected materials will be subject of further experimental study.

<p>   </p> <p>Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical tool in biomedical research that enables simultaneous label-free spatial mapping of hundreds of molecules in biological samples under native conditions. Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is an emergent ambient MSI technique developed in 2010 that uses localized liquid extraction of molecules directly from surfaces. Like other liquid-extraction based techniques, nano-DESI relies on gentle removal of molecules from surfaces and soft ionization. High sensitivity and spatial resolution, versatility of the solvent composition, which may be used to tailor the extraction and ionization of selected molecules, quantification capabilities at the single-pixel level as well as compensation for matrix effects by adding a known standard to the solvent, and online derivatization are key features of nano-DESI MSI that position it as a unique analytical tool for studying biological systems. </p> <p>Despite the advantages that nano-DESI provides, there are still challenges associated with the structural characterization, extraction, and detection of certain molecular classes. Therefore, my dissertation research has focused on addressing these analytical challenges by developing innovative approaches that substantially enhance the performance of the nano-DESI technique in the study of complex biological systems. </p> <p>In this thesis, a systematic study of the solvent composition is carried out to aid in the detection of neutral lipids such as triglycerides thereby expanding the molecular coverage of nano-DESI experiments. Taking advantage of the versatility of the solvent composition, I developed an approach for the online derivatization of unsaturated lipids into lipid hydroperoxides using the reaction of singlet oxygen with C=C bonds. This method further expands the specificity of nano-DESI MSI by enabling the detection and imaging of positional lipid isomers. To aid in the analysis of complex mixtures and provide additional structural information in the form of collision cross sections, coupling of nano-DESI with a drift-tube ion mobility spectrometry is also reported along with examples of the powerful capabilities of this platform. Lastly, nano-DESI MSI is used to address the complexity in the analysis of individual skeletal muscle fibers. This collaborative project involves the development of a robust image registration approach of immunofluorescence imaging and high-spatial resolution nano-DESI MSI to obtain accurate chemical maps specific to each fiber type. The developments described in this thesis are key to understanding the dynamic metabolic processes on a molecular level with an unprecedented specificity and sensitivity.</p> <p>  </p>

Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique used to create cross-section images of human bodies based on x-rays. The emerging photon-counting CT detector shows several advantages compared with the traditional energy integrating detector. This thesis is based on the new generation deep silicon photon-counting CT detector developed by KTH Medical Imaging group, with a 12×500μm^2 pixel size. A method is proposed to achieve high spatial resolution with low computation resource consumption.A Monte Carlo simulation has been done to simulate the photon interaction along with the charge transport process in the detector. The charge cloud distribution and induced current are used to make a precise estimation of the interaction position in the direction along the collecting electrodes. The feasibility of such a method under estimated electronic noise and other detector geometries has been checked. By having a high spatial resolution of around 1μm in one direction, it could be beneficial in phase contrast imaging.Besides the small pixel geometry, simulations on current photon-counting detector geometry, similar to what is used in clinics, have also been carried out, with a study of the charge carrier transport behavior and charge sharing possibility. The result shows that although the charge sharing event could be used to help estimate interaction position, its low proportion among total events leads to little resolution improvement. Another study on the induced current as a function of time has been presented. By reducing the electrode width while keeping the same pixel width, the induced current signal peak appears to be sharper. / Datortomografi (CT) är en medicinsk bildteknik som används för att skapa tvärsnittsbilder av människokroppen med hjälp av röntgenstrålar. Den nya CT-detektorn med fotonräkning har flera fördelar jämfört med den traditionella energiintegrerande detektorn. Den här avhandlingen bygger på den nya generationen av den djupa kiseldetektorn för CT-detektorn med fotonträkning i kisel som utvecklats av KTH:s grupp för medicinsk avbildning, med en pixelstorlek på 12×500μm^2. En metod föreslås för att uppnå hög spatial upplösning med begränsad kapacitet för beräkningar.En Monte Carlo-simulering har gjorts för att simulera fotoninteraktionen tillsammans med laddningstransportprocessen i detektorn. Laddningsmolnets fördelning och den inducerade strömmen används för att göra en exakt uppskattning av interaktionspositionen i riktningen längs de uppsamlande elektroderna. Genomförbarheten av en sådan metod med beräknat elektroniskt brus och andra detektorgeometrier har kontrollerats. Genom att ha en hög rumslig upplösning på cirka 1 μm i en riktning kan detta vara fördelaktigt vid faskontrastbildtagning.Förutom den lilla pixelgeometrin har simuleringar av den nuvarande geometrin för detektorer som räknar fotoner, liknande den som används på kliniker, också utförts, med en studie av transportbeteendet för laddningsbärare och möjligheten till laddningsdelning. Resultatet visar att även om laddningsdelningshändelsen kan användas för att hjälpa till att uppskatta interaktionspositionen, leder dess låga andel av de totala händelserna till en liten förbättring av upplösningen. En annan studie av den inducerade strömmen som en funktion av tiden har presenterats. Genom att minska elektrodbredden samtidigt som man behåller samma pixelbredd verkar den inducerade signaltoppen bli skarpare.

Ultraljudsdiagnostik baseras på propagering av mekaniska vågor och används för att avbilda tvärsnitt av kroppen i realtid. Prestandan, med avseende på kontrast, upplösning och måttmätningar, av CONTEC CMS600B-3, en relativ billig maskin är av intresse. Hur volymen av en fantom, dess ytarea och frekvens på utskickade vågor påverkar uppvärmningen av vävnader är även av intresse. Det undersöktes med ultraljudsmaskinerna CONTEC CMS600B-3 och Philips Lumify för att få resultat som inte beror på endast en maskin.  Axiella upplösningen på CONTEC CMS600B-3 uppmättes med hjälp av ett gem till 0,61 mm och den laterala upplösningen till 1,27 mm med hjälp av ett snitt i cement. Maskinens måttmätningar hade en relativ avvikelse   beroende på mätning. Resultat för reflektionskoefficienten visade att ultraljudsmaskinen har en funktion som kompenserar för attenuering och förstärker signaler med låga amplituder.  Temperaturmätningarna undersöktes genom att skapa fantomer som efterliknar mänskliga vävnader med olika volymer och ytareor. En undersökning med ultraljudsmaskinerna visade att mer temperaturökning sker då ytarean ökas när volymen hålls konstant. Med avseende på säkerhet i temperaturökning, axiell upplösning och area/omkrets mått uppfyller CONTEC CMS600B-3 inte standarden och kan därmed inte användas inom sjukvården. / Diagnostics with ultrasound are based on propagation of mechanical waves and is used for imaging cross-section of the body in real-time. Performance, regarding contrast, resolution, and size measure, of CONTEC CMS600B-3, a relatively cheap machine is of interest. How volume of a phantom, its surface area, and frequency of the waves affects the heating of the tissues is also of interest. It was measured using ultrasound machines CONTEC CMS600B-3 and Philips Lumify to obtain results independent of the machine used.   The axial resolution of CONTEC CMS600B-3 was established with a paperclip to be 0.61 mm and the lateral resolution was measured to be 1.27 mm using concrete with a triangular slit. Measurements of the machine had a relative deviation was   depending on the measure. Results of the reflection coefficient indicated that CONTEC CMS600B-3 has a built-in function that compensates for loss of intensity due to attenuation and amplifies signals with lower amplitude to produce a B-mode image that the user can understand.  Temperature measurements were done on phantoms that mimic the human body with different volumes and surface areas. An investigation with ultrasound machines showed an increase in temperature with increased surface area as the volume is held constant. When looking at safety with temperature rise, axial resolution and area/circumference measurements, CONTEC CMS600B-3 does not meet the standard and therefore cannot be used in healthcare.

The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) along with the implementation of 5G networks offers exciting opportunities in expanding wireless capabilities. Not only is improved wireless performance expected with traditional devices such as mobile phones, but new use cases such as the internet-of-things and autonomous vehicle operation will rely on 5G and future network generations. In such widespread applications, from transportation to vital business operation, reliable and often guaranteed connectivity is required for safety and commercial approval. Introducing UAVs into network processes has been explored and implemented in certain instances to take advantage of the flexibility drone devices offer in their mobility and control to address these evolving network possibilities. While practical UAV deployment in certain network cases has been demonstrated, including coverage restoration in disaster relief scenarios, more ambitious goals of 5G will have additional considerations. This includes autonomous vehicles (AVs) whose operation is defined by levels representing varying degrees of autonomy. With computational requirements exponentially increasing as a vehicle's autonomy level is increased, 5G is expected to play an integral role in offloading certain vehicle tasks to the cloud. This thesis then proposes UAV based measurement opportunities as a method to characterize 5G coverage as part of autonomous vehicle processes to identify the proper level of autonomy that can operate safely given the current RF environment. This thesis proposes an UAV based measurement system that would provide coverage verification employing a platform capable of precise RF measurements and enhanced spatial sampling of the environment. Methods employed to traditionally characterize available coverage, including cellular drive tests, do not result in accurate enough measurements for AV use cases. Where lack of coverage in common network processes and use cases can result in dropped calls and poor connectivity in mobile devices, autonomous systems proposed in evolving network generations that deal with safety and mission critical functions must have guaranteed and verified coverage. Data produced in this thesis demonstrates that the proposed UAV based measurement system will improve measurement accuracy and enhanced geographic performance over conventional automotive vehicle based measurement systems / Master of Science / Wireless networks have grown to support vital and everyday processes in modern society. The COVID-19 pandemic proved wireless communication means a necessity to limit daily disruptions, but networks had already been supporting a continuously increasing amount of mobile devices prior to this. Other demonstrations of wireless network capacity include the release of 5G technology, allowing improved performance with traditional devices like smartphones, along with additional use cases this technology enables including the internet-of-things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) leveraged functions for commercial applications. While wireless network capabilities have demonstrated their success in supporting and maintaining some critical functions, it is important to continually look ahead and plan for future network implementations in order to develop and support all desired advancements. Current measurement methods that assist in verifying coverage for current use cases like mobile devices will fall short in verification for more stringent requirements characteristic of AV and other ambitious network goals. The results found in this work then support the need for continuing research of a UAV-leveraged platform in the scope of eventual practical and safe AV integration into society. The focus of this thesis is to then propose and provide initial evaluation of a UAV-leveraged measurement platform to verify the operability of autonomous vehicles (AVs), which are expected to be a major aspect of future network processes. The computational requirements to operate an autonomous vehicle exponentially increase as a vehicle's autonomy level is increased. 5G is then expected to play an integral role in offloading certain vehicle tasks to the cloud. This thesis paper then proposes UAV based measurement opportunities as a method to characterize 5G coverage as part of autonomous vehicle processes to identify the proper level of autonomy that can operate safely given the current RF environment.

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