Childhood obesity is a prevalent problem in the United States. Obesity increases the risk for many diseases. Obese children are likely to become obese adults with additional comorbidities. Studies have reported mixed findings regarding associations between reading nutrition labels and improved dietary behaviors/healthy weight status. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the frequency of children reading nutrition labels is related to frequency of performing 12 dietary behaviors. De-identified baseline data from a previous quasiexperimental pilot study were analyzed. Data were collected from 4th and 5th graders (n = 42) at an after-school program. An adapted paper survey was administered to the children to measure the number of days (0–7) they read nutrition labels and performed 12 dietary behaviors over the preceding week. Due to non-normal distribution of data, non-parametric Spearman rho correlations were conducted to determine relationships between frequency of reading nutrition labels and dietary behaviors. Positive correlations were found between frequency of reading nutrition labels and eating fruit for breakfast; eating vegetables at lunch/dinner; eating whole grain/multigrain bread (p < .05); eating fruit for a snack; eating vegetables for a snack (p < .01). Frequency of reading nutrition labels was inversely related to drinking soda/sugar-sweetened beverages (p < .05). Significant relationships were found between frequency of reading nutrition labels and several dietary behaviors associated with childhood obesity prevention. Findings are promising and support the need for further intervention research to determine potential direct influences of children reading nutrition labels on dietary behaviors.

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在國內外實證文獻中，已有許多學者研究市場過度反應的現象，但由採取的研究方法不盡相同，故結論也有所差異．本研究是希望能對台灣股市的個別股票報酬率作一較完整的檢視，先瞭解股票報酬率前後期的相關情形，試圖找出一些一致性，再提出股市交易的策略，並比較策略的獲利性。 將樣本分成對稱與不對稱的形成期及檢定期，採Spearman等級相關係數法先對台灣股市同一股票的報酬率在不同期間（形成期及檢定期）的表現是否有相關作一檢視，接著檢定此相關係數時間序列是否具有隨機的特質，而後將證券交易稅及手續費納入考慮後，比較三種投資策略－買入持有輸家、中間、贏家的獲利性、風險及績效表現。 本文的實證結果：由單位風險報酬率來看，投資股市應以買入有長期的策略才會有較好的績效表現，而買入持有短期的績效是最差的。以不同的樣本期間討論台灣股市是否有價格反彈，結果並不相同。在1980年-1998年的Spearman等級相關係數多為正值，表示市場在288天以下多沒有價格反彈，且以連檢定的結果多為顯著，以Jensen α檢定之，贏家投資策略能獲得超額報酬。在1990年-1998年不論是重覆取樣、未重覆取樣，Spearman等級相關係數，多為負值，表示市場應存有價格反彈的現象，且以連檢定的結果多為顯著，但以Jensen α檢定之，輸家卻無法獲得超額報酬。可能是因為考慮了交易稅與手續費，而影響了投資策略的獲利性。 / There have been many articles discussing overreaction. Because of the difference of methods and samples, the conclusions are different. This thesis tries to make a more complete examination of Taiwan Stock Market. We divide sample period to be formation period and test period which are symmetric and asymmetric. Besides that, we adopt overlapping and nonoverlapping sampling. The sample period is 1980 January 1 to 1998 January 22. Three investment strategies are buying and holding loser portfolio、middle portfolio and winner portfolio. We use Spearman rank correlation to discuss whether the return of Taiwan Stock Market has correlation between formation period and test period. Then we adopt one of nonparameter statitics analysis－run test to examine whether the time series of Spearman rank correlation is a random walk. Following are our summaries： 1.The longer period we hold the stock,the better return we acquire. 2.In the first sample (1980 Jan 1 to 1998 Jan 22), Spearman rank correlation. is almost positive, and the hypothesis of run test is significant. We imply buying and holding the winner portfolio is the best strategy. We can prove this by using Jense α. In this case, buying and holding winner can get excess return. 3.In the second sample(1990 Nov 1 to 1998 Jan 22), Spearman rank correlaion is almost negative, and the hypothesis of run test is signficant. We imply buying and holding the loser portfolio is the best strategy. But we can not prove the by using Jense α. As we can not acqure excess return by buying and holding loser portfolio.

<p>This study investigates the most important reasons behind the rst-year students' decision to select University of the Western Cape (UWC) as higher education institution.<br /> These reasons were organized into a few factors for easy interpretation. The data to be analyzed for this project is a subsection of the data collected during the orientation period of 2008. During the orientation week of 2008, the questionnaires were completed on a voluntary basis by new rst-year students. All questionnaires were anonymously completed and therefore the data does not contain any information that could be linked to any individual. For the purpose of this study, only the black African and coloured students were considered. The other racial groups were not analyzed due to too small sample sizes. Questionnaires with missing information on the reasons for selecting UWC were not&nbsp / nalyzed. We ended up with a sample of size 600. The data were statistically analyzed, using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, factor analysis, coefficient of congruence and bootstrap factor analysis. The results indicated that the most important reasons aecting students to choose UWC were identied as good academic reputation, family member's advice, UWC graduates are successful and UWC graduates get good jobs. The least important reasons were found to be not accepted anywhere, parents / family members graduated from UWC, recruited by UWC and wanted to study near to home. The results also indicated that there were significant differences among students according to population groups, parent's monthly income and grade 12 average. Factor analysis of 12 variables yielded three extracted factors upon which student decisions were based. Similarities of these three factors were tested, and a high similarity among demographic characteristics and grade 12 average were found. Additional analyses were conducted to measure the accuracy of factor analyses models constructed using Spearman and Polychoric correlation matrices. The results indicated that both correlation matrices were&nbsp / nbiased, with higher variance and higher loadings when the Polychoric correlation matrix was used to construct a factor analysis model for categorical data.</p>

The Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (DBP) is the ligand in the major pathway for P. vivax invasion of human reticulocytes, making it an appealing vaccine candidate. Region II of DBP (DBP-RII) is the minimal portion of the ligand that mediates recognition of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC receptor) on the reticulocyte surface and constitutes the primary vaccine target. Analysis of natural variation in the coding sequences of DBP-RII revealed signature evidence for selective pressure driving variation in the residues of the putative receptor-binding site. We hypothesize that anti-DBP immunity in P. vivax infections is strain-specific and hindered by polymorphic residues altering sensitivity to immune antibody inhibition. To comprehend the human IgG response following P. vivax infections we investigated the specificity of IgG in Pursat Province, Western Cambodia. Using ELISAs, we quantified the antibody titer against five variant alleles of DBP-RII. We also sequenced the DBP-RII of the field isolates to determine their relationship to the variant alleles used in the ELISAs. When correlating the IgG titer between the DBP variants a strain-specific immune response was observed in patients with a high antibody titer to DBP-RII_AH as compared to the other variants. This was different from the correlation of high antibody titers between DBP-RII_P and DBP-RII_7.18 (ρ=0.88, p-value<0.0001) and DBP-RII_P and DBP-RII_O (ρ=0.87, p-value<0.0001). There appeared to be little correlation between specific polymorphic residues and IgG titer. Understanding the immune response to the polymorphisms within PvDBP will allow further identification of epitopes to enable the production of a more effective P. vivax vaccine

<p>This study investigates the most important reasons behind the rst-year students' decision to select University of the Western Cape (UWC) as higher education institution.<br /> These reasons were organized into a few factors for easy interpretation. The data to be analyzed for this project is a subsection of the data collected during the orientation period of 2008. During the orientation week of 2008, the questionnaires were completed on a voluntary basis by new rst-year students. All questionnaires were anonymously completed and therefore the data does not contain any information that could be linked to any individual. For the purpose of this study, only the black African and coloured students were considered. The other racial groups were not analyzed due to too small sample sizes. Questionnaires with missing information on the reasons for selecting UWC were not&nbsp / nalyzed. We ended up with a sample of size 600. The data were statistically analyzed, using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, factor analysis, coefficient of congruence and bootstrap factor analysis. The results indicated that the most important reasons aecting students to choose UWC were identied as good academic reputation, family member's advice, UWC graduates are successful and UWC graduates get good jobs. The least important reasons were found to be not accepted anywhere, parents / family members graduated from UWC, recruited by UWC and wanted to study near to home. The results also indicated that there were significant differences among students according to population groups, parent's monthly income and grade 12 average. Factor analysis of 12 variables yielded three extracted factors upon which student decisions were based. Similarities of these three factors were tested, and a high similarity among demographic characteristics and grade 12 average were found. Additional analyses were conducted to measure the accuracy of factor analyses models constructed using Spearman and Polychoric correlation matrices. The results indicated that both correlation matrices were&nbsp / nbiased, with higher variance and higher loadings when the Polychoric correlation matrix was used to construct a factor analysis model for categorical data.</p>

In this thesis, an analysis of Bitcoin, Monero price and volatility is conducted with respect to S&amp;P500 and the VIX index. Moreover using Python, we computed correlation coefficients of nine cryptocurrencies with two different approaches: Pearson and Spearman from July 2016 -July 2018. Moreover the Pearson correlation coefficient was computed for each year from July2016 - July 2017 - July 2018. It has been concluded that in 2016 the correlation between the selected cryptocurrencies was very weak - almost none, but in 2017 the correlation increased and became moderate positive. In 2018, almost all of the cryptocurrencies were highly correlated. For example, from January until July of 2018, the Bitcoin - Monero correlation was 0.86 and Bitcoin - Ethereum was 0.82.

The target of this work is to create a financial analysis of selected company and an intercompany comparison of companies in selected branch. In teoretical part this work are description basic terms and methods of financial analysis and methods of intercompany comparison. In practical part this work is to create the financial situation of selected company and intercompany comparison of companies by methods of intercompany comparison. Then the resulting order of comanies is evaluated by Spearman´s correlation coefficient. In the end this work there is overall assessment of the results of the intercompany comparison and description of some problems that appeared in this work.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T14:13:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3641228 bytes, checksum: 80b56cb4312cbdff6a22caea86c66a5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T14:13:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3641228 bytes, checksum: 80b56cb4312cbdff6a22caea86c66a5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present master thesis’ goal is to evaluate the correlations between the Organization Culture, Knowledge Management – KM, and Sustainability in organizations. Therefore, the methodology applied in this study was the analysis of correlation using the Spearman’s Correlation Test in six companies of different branches, featuring a multi-case study, being also applied in one of the companies individually for a case study. The research instrument used was a questionnaire composed of 26 questions based on three themes: Edgar Schein’s cultural typology (artifacts, values and basic assumptions), Barclay and Murray’s model of Knowledge Management (mechanistic, cultural, and systematic), and the Elkington’s Triple Bottom Line (social, environmental, and economic). The results show a Correlation Matrix which distributes the relations in six scenarios, individually analyzed, both in the multi-case study, as in the case study. They were: 1. Organization Culture- Organizational Culture; 2. Knowledge Management – Knowledge Management; 3. Sustainability – Sustainability; 4. Organizational Culture – Sustainability; 5. Knowledge Management – Sustainability; 6. Organization Culture – Knowledge Management. On scenario 1 it was verified that the collaborators perception when the culture is on the first two dimensions of the model, artifacts and values. The scenario 2 called the attention to the absence of a management model knowledge-oriented. The scenario 3 stands out because of the correlation between items from the environmental and social dimensions and the difficulty of involvement with the economic dimension. The majority of weak correlations marked scenario 4, with pairs involving items from the culture model and the items of the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. Scenario 5 also highlighted a large number of weak correlations explained by the absence of a knowledge management model within organizations that works together with sustainable measures. Lastly, the scenario 6 presented inferior correlation compared to the others, once the pairs of weak relations obtained the minimum level of the allowed range, what mean very close to the null correlations that were also highlighted, fact explained by the superficiality of the knowledge of the culture and absence of a KM model. On the other hand, by the case study it was concluded that for Scenario 1 there is a correlation between the items of the organizational culture highlighting the good perception of employees regarding the culture in which they are inserted, but not in an in-depth way. In Scenario 2, there was no correlation between the items of Knowledge Management, highlighting the absence of a knowledge-driven management, because the Environmental Management System manages the organization. In Scenario 3 it was presented correlations on sustainability, highlighting the environmental and social dimensions as strengths. Finally, Scenario 6 also found no relationship between the items, highlighting the absence of a KM model and the perception of culture focused on the visible characteristics (furniture, architecture, and equipment) and the employees’ behavior. In general, the results of the case and multi-case study showed that the correlations between Organizational Culture, Knowledge Management and Sustainability are lower in number and type than expected. Also highlighting the existence of points in each theme that, when working in organizations, may improve the results of these correlations. / A pressente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar as correlações entre a Cultura Organizacional, a Gestão do Conhecimento - GC e a Sustentabilidade nas organizações. Para tanto a metodologia adotada estudo foi uma análise de correlação utilizando o Teste de Correlação de Spearman em seis empresas de ramos distintos, caracterizando um estudo multicaso, sendo também aplicado em uma das organizações de forma individual para um estudo de caso. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi um questionário composto por 26 questões baseadas em três construtos: a tipologia cultural de Edgar Schein (artefatos, valores e pressupostos básicos), o modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento de Barclay e Murray (mecanicista, cultural e sistemática), e o Triple Botton Line de Elkington (social, ambiental e econômico). Os resultados apresentaram uma Matriz de Correlação que distribuiu as relações em seis cenários analisados individualmente, tanto no estudo multicaso, como no estudo de caso, foram eles: 1. Cultura Organizacional – Cultura Organizacional; 2. Gestão do Conhecimento – Gestão do Conhecimento; 3. Sustentabilidade – Sustentabilidade; 4. Cultura Organizacional – Sustentabilidade; 5. Gestão do Conhecimento – Sustentabilidade; 6. Cultura Organizacional – Gestão do Conhecimento. No Cenário 1 foi verificado que a percepção dos colaboradores quando a cultura se encontra nas duas primeiras dimensões do modelo, os artefatos e valores. O Cenário 2 chamou atenção para a ausência de um modelo de gestão voltado para o conhecimento. No cenário 3 destacou-se pela correlação entre os itens da dimensão ambiental e social e pela dificuldade de envolvimento com a dimensão econômica. O Cenário 4 foi marcado pela maioria de correlações fracas com pares envolvendo itens do modelo de cultura e os itens das dimensões ambiental e social da sustentabilidade. O Cenário 5 também destacou grande número de correlações fracas explicado pela ausência de um modelo de gestão do conhecimento dentro das organizações que trabalhe junto com as medidas sustentáveis. Por fim, o Cenário 6 apresentou correlações inferiores aos demais, uma vez que os pares de relações fracas obtiveram o nível mínimo do intervalo permitido, ou seja, bem próximos às correlações nulas que também foram destaque, fato explicado pela superficialidade do conhecimento da cultura e ausência de um modelo de GC. Já pelo estudo de caso, concluiu-se que para o Cenário 1 existe correlação entre os itens da cultura organizacional destacando a boa percepção dos colaboradores quanto à cultura em estão inseridos, mas não de forma aprofundada. O Cenário 2 não apresentou correlações entre os itens da Gestão do Conhecimento, destacando a ausência de uma gestão voltada para o conhecimento, pois a organização é gerida pelo Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. O Cenário 3 apresentaram correlações quanto à sustentabilidade, destacando as dimensões ambiental e social como pontos fortes. O Cenário 4 destacou a existência de relações entre a cultura e a sustentabilidade, devido ao clima e ao próprio negócio da organização. No Cenário 5 não foi possível afirmar a existência de correlações entre os itens da GC e da sustentabilidade devido ao modelo de gestão utilizado na organização ser focado na sustentabilidade, diferente do voltado para o compartilhamento do conhecimento. Por fim, no Cenário 6 também não foram encontradas relações entre os itens, destacando a ausência de uma modelo de GC e a percepção da cultura focada nas caraterísticas visíveis (mobiliário, arquitetura, equipamentos) e no comportamento dos colaboradores. De forma geral, os resultados do estudo, de caso e multicaso, apontaram que as correlações entre a Cultura Organizacional, Gestão do Conhecimento e a Sustentabilidade, são inferiores em número e em tipo em relação ao esperado. Destacando ainda a existência de pontos em cada construto que, ao ser trabalhado nas organizações, podem vir a melhorar o resultado dessas correlações.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / This study investigates the most important reasons behind the rst-year students' decision to select University of the Western Cape (UWC) as higher education institution. These reasons were organized into a few factors for easy interpretation. The data to be analyzed for this project is a subsection of the data collected during the orientation period of 2008. During the orientation week of 2008, the questionnaires were completed on a voluntary basis by new rst-year students. All questionnaires were anonymously completed and therefore the data does not contain any information that could be linked to any individual. For the purpose of this study, only the black African and coloured students were considered. The other racial groups were not analyzed due to too small sample sizes. Questionnaires with missing information on the reasons for selecting UWC were not nalyzed. We ended up with a sample of size 600. The data were statistically analyzed, using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, factor analysis, coefficient of congruence and bootstrap factor analysis. The results indicated that the most important reasons a ecting students to choose UWC were identi ed as good academic reputation, family member's advice, UWC graduates are successful and UWC graduates get good jobs. The least important reasons were found to be not accepted anywhere, parents / family members graduated from UWC, recruited by UWC and wanted to study near to home. The results also indicated that there were significant differences among students according to population groups, parent's monthly income and grade 12 average. Factor analysis of 12 variables yielded three extracted factors upon which student decisions were based. Similarities of these three factors were tested, and a high similarity among demographic characteristics and grade 12 average were found. Additional analyses were conducted to measure the accuracy of factor analyses models constructed using Spearman and Polychoric correlation matrices. The results indicated that both correlation matrices were&nbsp; nbiased, with higher variance and higher loadings when the Polychoric correlation matrix was used to construct a factor analysis model for categorical data. / South Africa