Dans la mesure où les ressources humaines et la productivité du personnel sontun facteur-clé de la production de l’organisation et de son fonctionnementéconomique, disposer d’un personnel compétent et motivé, susceptible demettre en oeuvre les responsabilités qu’on lui confie, est un atout précieux quiapporte des avantages économiques considérables à toute les organisation. C’estpour cette raison que celles-ci investissement dans le développementprofessionnel et dans les compétences de leurs salariés et consacrent dessommes importantes à la mise en place de démarches de formation. Pourtant, lesresponsables d’entreprise se sont toujours demandés si les ressources utiliséespour la formation ont l’efficacité souhaitée ou non.Le choix d’un modèle d’évaluation de l’impact de la formation, aussi bien laformation spécifique que la formation générale, sur la productivité desressources humaines est donc important et constitue le fondement de cetterecherche. Pour étudier cette question et déterminer l’effet de la formation, laprésente recherche a mobilisé une approche quantitative basée sur des résultatsde panel. Dans la mesure où deux types de modélisation ont été utilisés dans lalittérature, les douze hypothèses de cette recherche ont fait l’objet de l’étude de24 modèles destinés à relier les variables de l’étude.Les résultats montrent que le coût total de la formation et le coût par personneont un impact significatif sur la productivité des ressources humaines dans lesentreprises pharmaceutiques iraniennes. Sur la base du travail réalisé dans cetterecherche, il est apparu que la formation générale a en général un impact nonsignificatif sur la productivité, alors que la formation spécifique a en général unimpact positif sur la productivité. Ces résultats sont présentés et discutés. / Since human resources and its productivity is the main and key factor inproductivity of the whole organization and its economic operation, possessingeffective human resources who bear appropriate and adequate knowledge, skilland attitude to perform the delegated responsibilities in appropriate quality andquantity, is considered as a valuable capital and will bring considerableeconomic benefits for the organization. For this reason, various organizationsinvest on developing their labors capabilities and expend considerable financialresources in addition to the lost working opportunities related to the staffsinvolved in the training process which have its own special costs. Theorganization managers always have questioned whether the expended resourcesand investments to train the staffs (which include various costs especially thelost opportunity cost and separating from the staffs in different job levels) havehad the required and expected effectiveness or not.For this reason, selecting appropriate model and approach to evaluate the effectof implemented trainings, including specific and general trainings, on the laborproductivity in an organization is very important and essential which is thepurpose of this research.To research on this issue and to determine the relation and effect of training onlabor productivity, this research was performed in quantitative method usingpanel data technique. Since two types of production function has been utilizedto evaluate the effect of training on labor productivity, the research 12hypotheses have been analyzed two times and for this reason, 24 models andrelations between the variables have been defined, examined and analyzed.The findings showed that total training cost variable and per-capita capitalvariable have significant effect on labor productivity in Iran pharmaceuticalcorporations.According to the research results regarding the effect of various trainings on thelabor productivity in different pharmaceutical corporations and in case ofselecting linear model to explain the relation between training and productivity,the following issues are notable:5- General trainings have mainly and insignificant effect on the laborproductivity in different corporations. This result is identical to the resultsderived using panel model for all corporations.- Specific trainings in general have positive and significant effecton the labor productivity in different corporations. This result is identical tothe results derived for all corporationsIf the Cobb-Douglas production function is used to explain the relationbetween various trainings and labor productivity, the following results can bepresented:- General trainings have insignificant effect on the labor productivityin corporations under study, and even this relation in some corporation isestimated negative.- The relation between specific trainings and labor productivity has beenestimated positive and significant in all corporations under study.

abstract: Recently, it was demonstrated that startle-evoked-movements (SEMs) are present during individuated finger movements (index finger abduction), but only following intense training. This demonstrates that changes in motor planning, which occur through training (motor learning - a characteristic which can provide researchers and clinicians with information about overall rehabilitative effectiveness), can be analyzed with SEM. The objective here was to determine if SEM is a sensitive enough tool for differentiating expertise (task solidification) in a common everyday task (typing). If proven to be true, SEM may then be useful during rehabilitation for time-stamping when task-specific expertise has occurred, and possibly even when the sufficient dosage of motor training (although not tested here) has been delivered following impairment. It was hypothesized that SEM would be present for all fingers of an expert population, but no fingers of a non-expert population. A total of 9 expert (75.2 ± 9.8 WPM) and 8 non-expert typists, (41.6 ± 8.2 WPM) with right handed dominance and with no previous neurological or current upper extremity impairment were evaluated. SEM was robustly present (all p < 0.05) in all fingers of the experts (except the middle) and absent in all fingers of non-experts except the little (although less robust). Taken together, these results indicate that SEM is a measurable behavioral indicator of motor learning and that it is sensitive to task expertise, opening it for potential clinical utility. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2018

Sprint kayaking is prominent in Europe with training methods devised and adopted from Eastern bloc training systems. There is a lack of published research on sprint kayaking locally and internationally. Consequently, the aims of this research directly address establishing a relationship between kayak specific training and the Profile of Mood States (POMS); monitoring training duration and intensity and establish a link with the POMS and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE); to monitor the general wellness of the kayakers. Seven elite sprint kayakers (two male, five female) with the following characteristics: age 26.5 (1.4) years, training experience 8.4 (3.7) years were part of the South African national sprint kayaking squad selected to participate in this study, based on their preparation for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (one male athlete did not qualify but continued to train). The females trained for the 500m K1, K2 and K4 events and the male for the 1000m K1. Three training camps (TC1, TC2, TC3) were held from 12 November to 09 December 2007, 25 February to 22 March 2008 and 14 July to 04 August 2008. RPE (Borg Scale) was recorded for each session. The 65-item POMS was completed twice a week, after half a days rest (Wednesday) and after a day and half rest (Sunday). Daily training load was calculated from RPE and session time; and an energy index calculated from the POMS vigour and fatigue scores. The Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey recorded illness and injury. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Friedman’s rank test for k correlated samples, The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Spearman rank-order correlations were used to analyse the data. Statistical significance was calculated at 5% (p=0.05) and 10% (p=0.1). The results showed higher vigour scores associated with lower RPE and low training load; and high RPE associated with higher anger, confusion, depression, fatigue and total mood disturbance scores. There was a relationship between increasing POMS scores and duration of the training camps. The POMS findings could not completely explain the relationship found between RPE and duration of the training camps. The energy index was higher pre-camp and the extended rest periods during the camps. The findings for the POMS and RPE suggested that a state of overreaching might have occurred during the camps. Monitoring of the kayakers for an extended period after the training camps would have been useful to determine whether any of these individuals became over-trained. In accordance with Kentta et al (2006), regular use of the POMS may help detect under recovery, preventing staleness and unwanted rest for extended periods. Future studies will enable a retrospective view on these results. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the world and cognitive impairments post stroke are common. Driving is an occupation of great importance to many individuals and enables participation in society but due to cognition deficits after stroke it can be a difficult task to perform adequately. The aim of this study was to review and map interventions used to improve driving ability after stroke within occupational therapy practice. A literature search was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley's six-stage framework [1], and a search was made in four different databases. Seven articles were found and used for further analysing. Results showed two main categories of interventions. Task-specific training consisting of either simulator-based training or behind the wheel training in real traffic, and training of raw cognitive functions focused on driving related abilities. Both interventions overall showed improvement of driving ability, with task specific training being somewhat superior. Considering the easy implementation possibilities, cognitive training with specific focus on driving skills could be used in current occupational therapy practices. Larger studies might prove task-specific training to be much more superior which can then motivate more simulator-based intervention possibilities. Future studies could also focus on improving self-awareness as a factor.

A non-experimental survey design was used to study participant self-identified presence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) in Canadian school counsellors (N = 57) in relation to counsellors’ education and training, trauma-specific training, work experience, supervision, number of trauma clients and coping strategies. Counsellors were not necessarily protected from STS if they spent time using coping strategies, but were much less likely to be affected by STS if they engaged in supervision. Many school counsellors (59.6%) who participated in this research do engage in supervision, and those with trauma-specific training were less likely to have a peer-identified trauma disorder. Peer-identified trauma disorder played a large role in the results of this study. Participants identified as suffering from a trauma disorder were very likely to have a formal trauma diagnosis and were also likely to have higher traumatic stress scores. Implications for future research and education and training are discussed.

A non-experimental survey design was used to study participant self-identified presence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) in Canadian school counsellors (N = 57) in relation to counsellors’ education and training, trauma-specific training, work experience, supervision, number of trauma clients and coping strategies. Counsellors were not necessarily protected from STS if they spent time using coping strategies, but were much less likely to be affected by STS if they engaged in supervision. Many school counsellors (59.6%) who participated in this research do engage in supervision, and those with trauma-specific training were less likely to have a peer-identified trauma disorder. Peer-identified trauma disorder played a large role in the results of this study. Participants identified as suffering from a trauma disorder were very likely to have a formal trauma diagnosis and were also likely to have higher traumatic stress scores. Implications for future research and education and training are discussed.

Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif (i) de quantifier les contraintes métaboliques en slalom (SL), en slalom géant (GS) pour des durées d’efforts courtes et longues, représentatives des temps extrêmes de compétitions contemporaines ; (ii) de comparer les demandes métaboliques entre le ski alpin in situ (SL et GS) et différentes motricités (bonds latéraux sur box, slide, course à pied, cyclisme, bonds latéraux sur trampoline). Quelle que soit la durée de GS en compétition, le métabolisme aérobie est prédominant dans la fourniture d’énergie. En revanche, les contributions respectives des métabolismes aérobie et glycolytique à la fourniture d’énergie ne sont pas significativement différentes en SL. Par ailleurs, la course à pied et le cyclisme sont les motricités investiguées les moins spécifiques de SL et GS. En revanche, la motricité des bonds latéraux sur box et celle des bonds latéraux sur trampoline représentent des similarités physiologiques intéressantes par rapport au SL et GS. A fortiori, la motricité du slide est la plus spécifique de SL et GS au regard de la spécificité de ses paramètres physiologiques (part d’implication des métabolismes aérobie et glycolytique, débits énergétiques total, glycolytique et aérobie, valeurs de [La]pic et de Δ[La]). Subséquemment, l’objectif de l’étude n°3 était de déterminer la reproductibilité d’un test physique de 80s utilisant la motricité du slide. Le 80s-slide-test est un test physique spécifique du ski alpin et reproductible. En effet, le nombre total d’appuis, V̇ O2pic, V̇ O2moy et FCmoy sont reproductibles. Ainsi, le 80s-slide-test constitue une alternative pertinente aux tests physiques non spécifiques du ski alpin menés en laboratoire. Enfin, l’objectif de l’étude de cas n°4 était de décrire la stratégie d’allure du skieur alpin au cours d’une manche longue de GS. Le skieur alpin adopterait une stratégie d’allure au cours d’une manche longue de GS en diminuant l’intensité de ski de manière anticipée dès la section 1 (premières 52s) puis durant la section 2 (dernière 29s) lors d’un GS long (81s). / The objective of this thesis was (i) to assess metabolic constraints in slalom (SL) and giant slalom (GS) during short and long effort according to extrem contemporary races duration ; (ii) to clarify motor skills (box bouncing, sliding, running, cycling, trampoline lateral bouncing) energetically specificity to alpine ski racing. Regardless of GS length the aerobic system was the primary energy system involved. Aerobic and glycolytic energy system contribution were not different in SL. Furthermore running and cycling were most unspecific motor skills investigated regarding SL and GS. On the other hand box bouncing and trampoline lateral bouncing presented interesting physiological specificities. Moreover no significant difference in aerobic and glycolytic energy system contribution, total energy output, glycolytic energy output, aerobic energy output, phosphagen energy output, [La]peak, Δ[La] were observed between sliding and both GS and SL. Subsequently the aim of the third study was to determine the test-retest reliability of a 80s test involving sliding motror skills. The 80s-slide-test is a specific and reliable test. Indeed the 80s-slide-test showed large reliability for total push-offs number, V̇ O2peak, V̇ O2moy, FCpeak and FCmoy. Hence 80s-slide-test is a relevant alternative to lab unspecific test for alpine ski racers. Finally the aim of the fourth study was to analyse pacing strategy in long GS. Alpine ski racer may run pacing strategy skiing decreasing intensity during section 1 (first 52s) and during section 2 (last 29s) in long GS (81s).

Title: Comparing the level of load in different types of small football games in young junior category Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the influence of individual variable parameters (goal of the game, involvement of goalkeepers, involvement of jokers, rules) in small football games (SSG) on external and internal load of players in elite players of category under 14. Methods: The research group consisted of 10 players from the U14 category. Data were recorded using GPSports and a Polar T34. Each of compared small games differed in goal, number of players, rules and size of the playing area. During testing, we measured the total distance (m/min), speed (km / h), heart rate (heart rate/min), acceleration and deceleration (m.s-2 ) and high metabolic load distance (m/min) Results: From the results of the work, we confirmed that the individual SSG formats have different effects on the external and internal load of players. Players ran greater total distances in measured position games, than in games with goalkeepers. While the average maximum speed was very similar in all games, in positional games compared to games with goalkeepers, the players measured a higher average speed. The results further show that the external load on the offensive universal was greater than for...

Title: Representation of selected general and specific training indicators in ATC in a selected floorball team. Objectives: Performing a literature review, focusing especially of foreign scientific articles regarding the characteristics of floorball and related fitness training. Monitoring the representation of fitness training in a selected extra-league men's team during all training periods of a chosen annual training cycle (2014/2015) using the newly introduced XPS network software. Methods: Upon completion of the literature review, research was performed by conducting the content analysis of training documents kept during the 2014/2015 annual training cycle ("ATC"). The newly created software was part of the analysis. The software was distributed for the needs of floorball practice. In order to evaluate general categories and specific training indicators, natural selection was employed. Comparison was used to assess selected indicators. In addition, physical fitness was evaluated using selected UNIFITTEST 6 - 60 tests (Měkota, Kovář, 1996); however, this type of assessment does not belong to core of this paper. Results: The results suggest that sports performance is affected, to a degree, by general training indicators such as the number of days or the total of training time. However, the most...

<p>Denna uppsats undersöker om det kan finnas behov att ändra något i grundutbildningen för att de värnpliktiga i svenska flottan skall vara bättre förberedda för att rekryteras till de marina insatsstyrkorna. Det undersöks också huruvida det finns behov att förändra sättet att rekrytera personal till de marina insatsstyrkorna. För att belysa hur väl systemet fungerar som det ser ut idag har en fallstudie på den svenska marina missionen ML i Libanon år 2006-2007 gjorts. Där presenteras erfarenheter från missionen som sedan analyseras med hjälp av delar av det undervisningsmaterial som används under grundutbildningen, GU.</p><p>Av undersökningen har det framkommit att förändringar kan göras i grundutbildningen för att förbereda de värnpliktiga bättre. Ett exempel på förslag som kommit fram är att i större utsträckning implementera internationella reglementen och tillvägagångssätt under grundutbildningen. Förslag på förändringar som kan göras i sättet att rekrytera har också framkommit. Ett exempel på ett sådant förslag är att vid rekrytering testa individens fysiologiska lämplighet likt det sätt som flygvapnet testar sina blivande flygförare.</p> / <p>Basic training to be recruited to the naval rapid reaction forces.</p><p>This paper examines if there might be a need of change in the basic training so that the conscripts in the Swedish navy will be better prepared to be recruited to the naval rapid reaction forces. It also examines if the way to recruit personnel to the naval rapid reaction forces needs to be changed. To show how well the system, as it is today, works, a case study have been made on the Swedish naval mission, ML, in Lebanon during 2006-2007. It presents experiences from the mission that later has been analyzed with the help of parts of the educational material that is used in the basic training.</p><p>By this research it has emerged that changes could be made in the basic training to better prepare the conscripts. One example of the suggestions that has evolved is that to a greater extent involve international regulations and procedures in the basic training. Suggestions to change the way of recruiting personnel has also evolved and one example of such a suggestion is that the recruiting process could include a test where the person’s physiological suitability is being tested. A test similar to the one the Air force let’s you do before becoming a pilot.</p>