Light reflected from the scarab beetles Cetonia aurata (C. aurata) and Chrysina gloriosa (C. gloriosa) has left-handed polarization. In this work the polarizing properties and structural characteristics of the cuticles of these two beetles are investigated with two different techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mueller-matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry (MMSE). SEM is used to get cross section images of the epicutucle and the endocuticle. Thicknesses around 18 μm were measured for both layers for C. aurata and between 12 and 16 μm for C. gloriosa. A layered structure is observed in both beetles. In addition, a cusp-like structure is also observed in C. gloriosa. MMSE showed left-handed near-circular polarization of light reflected on both beetles. For C. aurata this is observed in a narrow wavelength range (500-600 nm) and for C. gloriosa in a wider wavelength range (400-700 nm) when measured on golden areas of the cuticle. C. gloriosa also has green areas where the reflected light was linearly polarized. The results are used in regression modelling. A good model approximation was found for C. aurata for angles up to 60 whereas a good starting point for future work was reached for C. gloriosa.

In this work, a gradient of interpenetrating polymer networks, consisting of anionic and cationic polymers, has been investigated with respect to protein resistant properties and swelling characteristics at different pH and ionic strength conditions. The swelling and protein adsorption have been studied using \emph{in situ} spectroscopic ellipsometry(SE) and imaging surface plasmon resonance(iSPR) respectively. It has been shown that, by altering the buffer pH, the region of lowest protein adsorption on the surface could be moved laterally. The swelling has similarly been shown to respond to both changes in pH and ionic strength. Additionally, the arise of surface charge and the polymer swelling in solution, both a consequence of the ionisation of fixed charges on the polymer, have been indicated to occur at different buffer pH. The studied polymer systems show promising properties for future applications in, for example, the biosensor area, where the surface chemistry can be tailor-made to work optimally in a given environment.

<div>Thin films with selective spectral properties have great potential for use in applications such as solar thermal absorbers, selective thermal emitters, thermal barrier coatings, and thermophotovoltaics. Understanding the dependence of their optical properties with temperature is crucial for practical applications. Relatively less-used films with high thermal stability, high refractive index, and infrared transparency, such as cerium oxide CeO2 and magnesium oxide (MgO) have not been studied extensively for high-temperature applications. In this paper, CeO2, MgO, and several multilayer samples containing these compounds will be studied their change of optical properties with increasing temperature across the visible and infrared spectrum. In this work, I introduce Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) to analyze dielectric constants of films and measure its thickness at multiple incident angles in visible and near-Infrared (IR) wavelengths both at room temperature and elevated temperatures. Using ellipsometry, several single and multilayer thin films (CeO2 and other transparent materials-based) have been measured their dielectric constants and thickness at room temperature and high temperature up to 500°C using thermal control stages called INSTEC. The change of their optical properties with temperatures has been characterized using theoretical modelling. Fitting their optical properties have been observed by changing thickness of each layer and calculating the corresponding Cauchy parameters in transparent material. Finally, FTIR measurements will be used to further characterize direct emission of these films at higher temperatures. This will be performed at room temperature and high temperature up to 1400 °C.</div>

This thesis examines the preparation of thin layers of material for photovoltaic applications with focused on perovskites and determining their optical properties. Basic information about the photovoltaic panels, especially about the perovskites, and the preparation of thin layers is supplied in the theoretical section. This section includes description of optical properties and the main method of study of optical properties, spectroscopic ellipsometry. Experimental section is focused on the preparation of thin layers of perovskites FAPbBr3 and its precursors by spin-coating. Optical properties are evaluated using profilometry, UV VIS spectrometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The conclusion summarizes the results of this experiment with focused on comparison of ellipsometric spectrums of perovskites and its precursors.

This diploma thesis is devoted to systematic study of structural trans- formations of Heusler alloys by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry and magneto-optical spectroscopy. Structural transformations in these alloys are induced by different microscopic mechanisms. Obtained experimental results were confronted with theoretical calculations. This allowed the discussion of obtained results and suggestion of their interpretation. In the case of Co- Fe-Si alloys, changes in optical and magneto-optical properties with change of Co-Fe ratio were observer. This was explained by lowering of the gap for minority spins with increasing Fe concentrations. Temperature dependent optical and magneto-optical properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloy showed the pres- ence of so-called Martensitic transformation from cubic to tetragonal phase. A study of Mn-Rh-Co-Sn alloys did not show a clear dependence of physical properties upon the concentration of Rh and Mn. This was explained by strong strain inside the samples, which distorted obtained results. 1

Cílem této práce bylo studium Heuslrových sloučenin pomocí optických a magneto-optických (MO) metod. V případě první sloučeniny, Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5, jsme studovali výskyt strukturálního disorderu za pomoci spektroskopické elipsometrie, MO spektroskopie a MO Kerrovy magnetome- trie. Experimentální výsledky jsme poté porovnali s teoretickými modely. Doplnili jsme také výsledky našich spolupracovník·, a to včetně X-ray difrakce, atomic-force mikroskopie a ab initio výpočt·, abych potvrdili naši interpretaci naměřených výsledk·. Bylo zjištěno, že strukturální disorder je vskutku pozorovatelný pomocí metod, kterých jsme využili. Jeho výskyt se projevil změnou elektronové struktury vzork·. V případě druhé sloučeniny, Fe2MnGa, jsme vyšetřovali vliv obsahu Fe složky na optické a MO vlastnosti tohoto materiálu. Zjistili jsme, že atomy Fe ovlivňují koncentraci volných elektron·, čímž dodávají sloučenině kovový charakter (v porovnání s Ni2MnGa). Zároveň zvyšují optickou a MO odezvu v blízké infra-červené oblasti spektra. Dále bylo zjištěno, že vzorek s nejvyšším obsahem Fe má nulovou magnetizaci. 1

The developement of a femtosecond-time-resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry setup based on a pump-probe technique is described. The characterization of the setup is presented as well as first results of experiments on a c-plane oriented ZnO thin film are shown. Indications for the study of fast charge-carrier dynamics are given.:Introduction 1 1 Theoretical framework 3 1.1 Zinc oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.1 Crystal and band structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Excitons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Dielectric function and electronic transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.1 Electronic transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.2 Dielectric function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Charge carrier dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3.1 High excitation effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.2 Charge carrier density-dependent dielectric function model . . . . 9 1.4 Light polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Preliminary experiments 14 2.1 Methods and instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3 Experimental challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.1 Time-integrated micro-ellipsometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.2 Time-resolved ellipsometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3 Conclusive experiments at ELI Beamlines 35 3.1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.2 Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.3 Demonstration of functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3.1 Time-resolved reflectometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3.2 Time-resolved ellipsometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4 Results and discussion 55 4.1 Time-resolved reflectometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.2 Time-resolved ellipsometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5 Summary and outlook 63

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17788号 / 工博第3767号 / 新制||工||1576(附属図書館) / 30595 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科航空宇宙工学専攻 / (主査)教授 斧 髙一, 教授 木村 健二, 教授 立花 明知 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19185号 / 工博第4062号 / 新制||工||1627(附属図書館) / 32177 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科航空宇宙工学専攻 / (主査)教授 斧 髙一, 教授 木村 健二, 教授 立花 明知 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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