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Notre recherche est une contribution socio-constructiviste à la compréhension de l’entrée dans l’écrit en portugais. Spécifiquement, nous nous intéressons au rôle de la syllabe dans ce processus. Traditionnellement, les écrits syllabiques sont entendus comme une tentative mise en œuvre par l’enfant apprenti-scripteur pour mettre en correspondance l’oral et l’écrit. Néanmoins, l’universalité d’une période syllabique de l’écrit a été contestée par des recherches récentes. Il semble que les écrits syllabiques sont dépendants de facteurs contextuels, tels que les caractéristiques de la langue d’apprentissage ou le type d’activités didactiques menées au sein des classes.L’objectif de cette thèse est l’approfondissement de la relation entre les facteurs contextuels et l’écriture syllabique. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé cinq études empiriques : dans la première étude, nous analysons les écrits produites par les élèves portugais de jardin d’enfants, tout comme les différentes procédures et mécanismes mobilisés pour y parvenir. Dans la deuxième étude, nous cherchons le type de pratiques didactiques mis en oeuvre autour de la syllabe par les enseignants portugais de jardin d’enfants. Dans l’étude trois, nous nous intéressons à la relation entre le contexte didactique et l’écriture syllabique. Dans l’étude quatre, nous analysons la relation entre le contexte linguistique, notamment la structure syllabique et le nombre de syllabes, et l’écriture syllabique. Finalement, dans la cinquième étude, nous menons une intervention didactique expérimentale pour inciter l’enfant à produire des écrits syllabiques.Les résultats obtenus dans l’ensemble de ces études indiquent que les écrits syllabiques sont fortement dépendants des facteurs contextuels. L’entrée dans l’écrit en portugais doit être considérée comme un processus développemental de nature psycho-socio-génétique, lors duquel la syllabe joue un rôle déterminant. / Our research is a socio-constructiviste contribution to the understanding of spelling acquisition in Portuguese. Specifically, we are interested in the role of the syllable in this process. Traditionally, syllabic spellings have been seen as an attempt put forward by children in order to connect speech and print. Nevertheless, the existence of a universal syllabic period has been contested by recent research. It seems that syllabic spellings are dependent of contextual constrains, such as the proprieties of the language of acquisition or the type of didactic activities conducted at kindergarten classrooms.The goal of this research is to study the relationship between the contextual constrains and syllabic spellings. In order to do it, we have conducted five empirical studies: in the first study, we analyze the spellings produced by Portuguese-preschool-children, and also the different procedures and mechanisms put forward to spell. In the second study, we investigate the type of didactic practices carried out around syllables by Portuguese kindergarten teachers. In the third study, we are interested in the relationship between didactic context and syllabic spellings. In the fourth study, we analyze the relationship between the linguistic context, namely the syllabic structure and the number of syllables, and syllabic spellings. Finally, in the fifth study, we have conducted an experimental didactic intervention intended to encourage children to produce syllabic spellings. The results obtained in all this studies indicate that syllabic spellings are heavily dependent on contextual constrains. Spelling acquisition in Portuguese should be considered as a developmental process with a psycho-social-genetic nature, in which the syllable plays a determinant role.

The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate to what extent Japanese English-as-an-additional-language (EAL) learners have mastered default grapheme-phoneme correspondence (GPC) patterns of North American English vowels. The underlying motivation of this research comes from my observation that many mispronunciations of English vowels by Japanese EAL learners in formal learning settings are caused by their misinterpretation of English spellings rather than by phonological factors. Traditionally, Japanese speakers’ mispronunciations of English vowels have been attributed to a phonological factor that there is a mismatch of vowel inventories between English and Japanese. However, Nogita and Lin (2016) found that when vowel length and diphthongization are taken into consideration, native Japanese speakers are able to produce all the 13 North American English vowels although not necessarily in a native-like manner. This seems to suggest that other factors than the vowel inventory difference are responsible for the Japanese speakers EAL pronunciation errors. One such factor can be that Japanese EAL learners have not grasped the English GPC patterns and their misinterpretation of the spellings causes their pronunciation errors. To see if a GPC problem really plays a role, this dissertation examines how Japanese EAL learners map all the 13 North American English vowels with English vowel graphemes. In order to examine Japanese EAL learners’ knowledge of English vowel GPC, I conducted both reading and spelling tasks with English-like one-syllable nonsense words. In the reading task (e.g., reading aloud <snad>, <staw>, <stoe>, <nube>, etc.), the results showed that the Japanese EAL participants read vowel letters differently from native English speaking participants 40.1% of the time. In the spelling task (e.g., listening and spelling out native utterances of such syllables as [sneɪ], [zɑ:d], [gaʊ], [fʌd], etc.), the results showed that the Japanese EAL participants spelled out vowel sounds differently from native English speaking participants 60.0% of the time. These results suggest that the Japanese EAL participants’ English vowel grapheme-phoneme mapping patterns were quite different from those of the native English-speaking participants. In more details, the results showed that some correspondences were performed very well in both grapheme-to-phoneme and phoneme-to-grapheme directions presumably because of the similarities between the English GPC and the standardized Japanese romanization GPC: specifically, <e>-[ɛ] (in a closed syllable) and <oi, oy>-[ɔɪ]. In contrast, some correspondences were performed very poorly in both directions presumably in part because of the differences between the English GPC and the standardized Japanese romanization: specifically, <aw, au>-[ɑ:], <ow, ou>-[aʊ], <uh#>-[ʌ#] (# = word-final), <i>-[ɪ], and to a lesser extent <o>-[ɑ:] (in a closed syllable), and <o#, oe#, oh#>-[oʊ]. There were also correspondences that were performed very well only in the grapheme-to-phoneme direction but not in the other direction: specifically, word-medial <ee>-to-[i:] and <a_e>-to-[eɪ]. To a lesser extent, the <u>-to-[ʌ] conversion was also much less problematic than the [ʌ]-to-<u> conversion, although the <u>-[ʌ] correspondence was performed relatively poorly overall. Finally, none of the correspondences were performed very well only in the phoneme-to-grapheme direction but not in the other direction, but there were correspondences that showed this tendency. For example, the [æ: (æə)]-to-<a> conversion was much less problematic than the <a>-to-[æ: (æə)] conversion. Pedagogically, these results seem to suggest that Japanese EAL learners can benefit from being taught English default GPC patterns in order for them to improve on their graphophonic skills. / Graduate / 2017-08-23 / 0290 / 0279 / akitsugu@uvic.ca

O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer um estudo sobre as formas de representação da língua falada japonesa nos textos de blogs do gênero idol e as estratégias utilizadas por suas escreventes na sua redação. Para isso, foi utilizado como corpus de análise os dados linguísticos presentes nas postagens desses blogs. Destaque-se que, para a produção de textos em língua japonesa, os escreventes encontram disponíveis quatro sistemas de escrita (o hiragana, o katakana, o kanjie o rmaji), além dos elementos suprassegmentais(sinais de pontuação, diacríticos etc.)que, juntos, oferecem uma variedade de recursos estilísticos e expressivos, os quais são amplamente aproveitados dentro dos textos. Utilizando-se dos blogs idol como cerne, serão feitas discussões acerca da representação da forma oral em seus textos para, em seguida, por meio da análise dos excertos das postagens, descrever os procedimentos linguísticos que resultam em uma língua falada por escrito na língua japonesa. / This work proposes to make a study about the forms of representation found in the Japanese spoken language on idol blog texts and the strategies used in theircomposition. For that purpose, blogs posts will be used as analytical corpus linguistic data. It is noteworthy that the writers have four writing systems at disposal to produce texts in Japanese language (hiragana, katakana, kanji and roomaji), in addition to supra-segmental elements (punctuation marks, diacritics etc.) which together offer a variety of stylistic and expressive resources that are widely used in texts. Using the idol blogs as basis, discussions will be made about the representation of the oral form in it\'s writings by analyzing the excerpts from posts to then describe the linguistic procedures that result in a \"spoken language in writing\" in Japanese.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer um estudo sobre as formas de representação da língua falada japonesa nos textos de blogs do gênero idol e as estratégias utilizadas por suas escreventes na sua redação. Para isso, foi utilizado como corpus de análise os dados linguísticos presentes nas postagens desses blogs. Destaque-se que, para a produção de textos em língua japonesa, os escreventes encontram disponíveis quatro sistemas de escrita (o hiragana, o katakana, o kanjie o rmaji), além dos elementos suprassegmentais(sinais de pontuação, diacríticos etc.)que, juntos, oferecem uma variedade de recursos estilísticos e expressivos, os quais são amplamente aproveitados dentro dos textos. Utilizando-se dos blogs idol como cerne, serão feitas discussões acerca da representação da forma oral em seus textos para, em seguida, por meio da análise dos excertos das postagens, descrever os procedimentos linguísticos que resultam em uma língua falada por escrito na língua japonesa. / This work proposes to make a study about the forms of representation found in the Japanese spoken language on idol blog texts and the strategies used in theircomposition. For that purpose, blogs posts will be used as analytical corpus linguistic data. It is noteworthy that the writers have four writing systems at disposal to produce texts in Japanese language (hiragana, katakana, kanji and roomaji), in addition to supra-segmental elements (punctuation marks, diacritics etc.) which together offer a variety of stylistic and expressive resources that are widely used in texts. Using the idol blogs as basis, discussions will be made about the representation of the oral form in it\'s writings by analyzing the excerpts from posts to then describe the linguistic procedures that result in a \"spoken language in writing\" in Japanese.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:10:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Victoria Galleguillos Jungk.pdf: 890112 bytes, checksum: cf638c32a08d47ccdc75ab8af1adc5fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / With the advent of Internet and hypermedia technologies for text transmission, new spellings of words of the lexicon are becoming common as a form of adaptation of written language to digital media and its peculiarities. The main target of the present research is to investigate the manifestations and potentials of the written word in these new spelling characterized by a considerable degree of hybridism and complexity. The starting point is the assumption that the semiotic analysis of the word within the language system and of the written word reconfigured in hypermedia, given its eminently hybrid features, can be facilitated by using the classification of signs devised by Charles S. Peirce and by the distinction drawn between the word as a general law and its effective application. Aiming to examine the theoretical context in which changes have occurred, a systemic approach to the writing system as well as to hypermedia is adopted, according to the general systems theory as developed by Jorge A. Vieira. Questions concerning the challenges posed by this new kind of writing to conventional writing are raised through specialized bibliography on verbal language at hypermedia, auxiliary of the problem contextualization. The corpus consists of practical examples of the transmutations of the semiotic nature of writing and of new spellings. Corpus analysis is done by means of semiotic concepts appropriately operationalized to the needs required by the research object. It is expected that the research results will lead to a critically founded understanding of evolutionary processes of writing / Com o advento da Internet e das tecnologias hipermidiáticas de transmissão de texto, novas grafias de palavras do léxico estão se tornando usuais, como forma de adaptação da linguagem escrita aos suportes digitais e suas peculiaridades. Esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo investigar as manifestações e as potencialidades da palavra escrita a partir dessas novas grafias caracterizadas por um grau considerável de hibridismo e complexidade. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a análise semiótica da palavra no interior do sistema da língua e da palavra escrita reconfigurada na hipermídia, dada a natureza eminentemente híbrida que adquire, pode ser facilitada pelo uso da classificação dos signos idealizada por Charles S. Peirce, e da distinção apontada entre a palavra como lei geral e a sua efetiva aplicação. Visando ao exame teórico do contexto em que as mudanças têm ocorrido, adotamos um enfoque sistêmico, tanto do sistema de escrita quanto da hipermídia, segundo a Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, como elaborada por Jorge A. Vieira. Questões concernentes aos desafios que esse novo tipo de escrita representa para a escrita convencional são levantadas por meio de bibliografia especializada sobre a linguagem verbal na hipermídia, auxiliar na contextualização lingüística do problema. O corpus constitui-se de exemplos práticos das transmutações da natureza semiótica da escrita e das novas grafias. A análise do corpus é feita por meio da aplicação dos conceitos semióticos, especialmente aqueles extraídos da teoria e classificação dos signos operacionalizados em função das necessidades que o objeto da pesquisa impõe. Espera-se que os resultados da pesquisa nos levem a uma compreensão criticamente fundada dos processos evolutivos da escrita