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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Non-linéarités quantiques d'un qubit en couplage ultra-fort avec un guide d'ondes / Quantum non-linearities of a qubit ultra-strongly coupled to a waveguide

Gheeraert, Nicolas 11 October 2018 (has links)
Au cours des dernières années, le domaine de l'interaction lumière-matière a fait un pas de plus en avant avec l'avènement des qubits supraconducteurs couplés ultra-fortement à des guides d'ondes ouverts. Dans ce contexte, un qubit devient simultanément couplé à de nombreux modes du guide d'onde, se transformant ainsi en un objet hybride lumière-matière hautement intriqué. L'étude de nouveaux phénomènes dynamiques qui émergent de la grande complexité de ces systèmes quantiques à N-corps est l'objectif principal de cette thèse.Dans une première étape cruciale, nous abordons l'évolution dans le temps d'un tel système en utilisant une nouvelle technique numérique basée sur un développement complet du vecteur d'état en termes d'états cohérents multimodes. Inspirée par des approches semi-classiques antérieures, cette technique numériquement exacte fournit un progrès important par rapport aux méthodes de pointe qui ont été utilisées jusqu'à présent pour étudier le régime de couplage ultra-fort à N-corps. Fondamentalement, cette approche préserve également le détail de la dynamique du système complet réunissant le guide d'onde et le qubit, permettant à la fois d'effectuer la tomographie et d'extraire la diffusion multi-particule des degrés de liberté du guide d'onde.Une exploration du régime de couplage ultra-fort multi-mode utilisant cette nouvelle technique a conduit aux deux prédictions théoriques fondamentales de cette thèse. La première démontre que le rayonnement émis spontanément par un qubit excité prend la forme d'un chat de Schrödinger de lumière, un résultat étonnamment différent de l'émission de photon unique habituelle en optique quantique. La seconde prédiction concerne la diffusion de signaux cohérents de faible puissance sur un qubit, un protocole expérimental très courant en laboratoire. De façon remarquable, il est montré que la non-linéarité du qubit, transférée au guide d'onde par l'interaction ultra-forte avec la lumière, est capable de diviser les photons du faisceau entrant en plusieurs photons de plus basse énergie, conduisant à l'émergence d'un continuum basse fréquence dans le spectre de puissance, qui domine le signal hors-résonant. En étudiant la fonction de corrélation de second ordre dans le champ rayonné, il est également démontré que l'émission en couplage ultra-fort présente des signatures caractéristiques de la production de particules.Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, la fonction de corrélation de second ordre est à nouveau étudiée, mais cette fois expérimentalement, et dans le régime du couplage modéré. Bien que les mesures soient encore préliminaires, cette partie de la thèse présente un compte-rendu instructif de la théorie de la mesure du signal et permet de comprendre en détail la procédure expérimentale impliquée dans la mesure des signaux quantiques. De plus, à l'avenir, les développements expérimentaux et les outils de simulation décrits pourraient être appliqués aux signaux émis par des qubits ultra-fortement couplés, afin d'observer les signatures de production de particules révélées par la fonction de corrélation du second ordre. / In the recent years, the field of light-matter interaction has made a further stride forward with the advent of superconducting qubits ultra-strongly coupled to open waveguides. In this setting, the qubit becomes simultaneously coupled to many different modes of the waveguide, thus turning into a highly intricate light-matter object. Investigating the wealth of new dynamical phenomena that emerge from the high complexity of these engineered quantum many-body systems is the main objective of this thesis.As a first crucial step, we tackle the time-evolution of such a non-trivial system using a novel numerical technique based on an expansion of the full state vector in terms of multi-mode coherent states. Inspired by earlier semi-classical approaches, this numerically exact method provides an important advance compared to the state-of-the-art techniques that have been used so far to study the many-mode ultra-strong coupling regime. Crucially, it also keeps track of every detail of the dynamics of the complete qubit-waveguide system, allowing both to perform the tomography and to extract multi-particle scattering of the waveguide degrees of freedom.An exploration of the many-mode ultra-strong coupling regime using this new technique led to the two core theoretical predictions of this thesis. The first demonstrates that the radiation spontaneously emitted by an excited qubit takes the form of a Schrödinger cat state of light, a result strikingly different from the usual single-photon emission known from standard quantum optics. The second prediction concerns the scattering of low-power coherent signals on a qubit, a very common experimental protocol performed routinely in laboratories. Most remarkably, it is shown that the qubit non-linearity, transferred to the waveguide through the ultra-strong light-matter interaction, is able to split photons from the incoming beam into several lower-energy photons, leading to the emergence of a low-frequency continuum in the scattered power spectrum that dominates the inelastic signal. By studying the second-order correlation function of the radiated field, it is also shown that emission at ultra-strong coupling displays characteristic signatures of particle production.In the final part of the thesis, the second-order correlation function is investigated again, but this time experimentally, and in the regime of moderate coupling. Although the results are still preliminary, this part of the thesis will provide an instructive account of signal measurement theory and will allow to understanding in-depth the experimental procedure involved in measuring quantum microwave signals. Moreover, the experimental developments and microwave simulations tools described in this section could be applied in the future to signals emitted by ultra-strongly coupled qubits, in order to observe the signatures of particle production revealed by the second-order correlation function.
2

Renormalization-Group Theory for Quantum Dissipative Systems in Nonequilibrium / Renormierungsgruppentheorie für dissipative Quantensysteme im Nichtgleichgewicht

Keil, Markus 29 January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
3

Tensor network states simulations of exciton-phonon quantum dynamics for applications in artifcial light-harvesting

Schroeder, Florian Alexander Yinkan Nepomuk January 2018 (has links)
Light-harvesting in nature is known to work differently than conventional man-made solar cells. Recent studies found electronic excitations, delocalised over several chromophores, and a soft, vibrating structural environment to be key schemes that might protect and direct energy transfer yielding increased harvest efficiencies even under adversary conditions. Unfortunately, testing realistic models of noise assisted transport at the quantum level is challenging due to the intractable size of the environmental wave function. I developed a powerful tree tensor network states (TTNS) method that finds an optimally compressed explicit representation of the combined electronic and vibrational quantum state. With TTNS it is possible to simulate exciton-phonon quantum dynamics from small molecules to larger complexes, modelled as an open quantum system with multiple bosonic environments. After benchmarking the method on the minimal spin-boson model by reproducing ground state properties and dynamics that have been reported using other methods, the vibrational quantum state is harnessed to investigate environmental dynamics and its correlation with the spin system. To enable simulations of realistic non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular quantum dynamics, a clustering algorithm and novel entanglement renormalisation tensors are employed to interface TTNS with ab initio density functional theory (DFT). A thereby generated model of a pentacene dimer containing 252 vibrational normal modes was simulated with TTNS reproducing exciton dynamics in agreement with experimental results. Based on the environmental state, the (potential) energy surfaces, underlying the observed singlet fission dynamics, were calculated yielding unprecedented insight into the super-exchange mediated avoided crossing mechanism that produces ultrafast and high yield singlet fission. This combination of DFT and TTNS is a step towards large scale material exploration that can accurately predict excited states properties and dynamics. Furthermore, application to biomolecular systems, such as photosynthetic complexes, may give valuable insights into novel environmental engineering principles for the design of artificial light-harvesting systems.

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