This is a survey and analysis of the set up of the following standards for awards in its constitutional athletic and non-athletic award systems of a large percentage of the high schools of the Central Section, California Interscholastic Federation. For the purposes of this study, data on the following questions is necessary: (1) The nature of awards in the high schools involved in the study. (a) What types of awards, sizes of awards, etc. are being given for each of the different sports? (b) What types of awards are given for achievement in other areas of the school activity program?; (2) What is the basis for receiving an award in each of the activities in which an award may be earned?; (3) To what extent if any are the other areas of possible awards included within the athletic award system”; (4) What is the opinion of the men in the field on the feasibility and desirability of a more encompassing award system?

Purpose: This study examined: (1) the relationship between exercise induced fatigue and postural balance amongst geriatric patients with vestibular disorders. (2) Assessed the duration for postural stability to return to baseline measurements upon induced fatigue. Methods: A controlled pre-post test experimental design method was used during this study. This study incorporated a quantitative analysis to explore the relationship between exercise induced fatigue and postural balance with a sample of 24 subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Baseline postural stability measurements were conducted prior to all subject testing and were accounted for again once testing was completed in order to assess the duration for postural stability to return to baseline measurements. All subject testing was conducted using a treadmill and a CYBEX CSMi balance board. Results: The results indicated that age can predict baseline balance score, baseline balance percent, maximum heart rate achieved, immediate posttest balance score, terminal posttest balance score, and terminal posttest balance percent. BMI, obesity, gender, were found to be significant among control and experimental groups when holding baseline balance percent and baseline balance scores constant. Conclusion: It is important for geriatrics who possess a vestibular disorder maintain a healthy and active lifestyle so that they can reduce the risk of falling by lowering their BMI and lowering their chances of obesity. BMI and obesity were found to be positively correlated with an increased risk of falling.

No description available.

This study compares the utilization of technology in sports information departments of Division I-A, Division I-AA and Division II schools within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The utilization was determined by a survey of the Atlantic Coast Conference, Southern Conference and South Atlantic Conference. The survey was comprised of 40 questions seeking demographic information and the use of technology within the three conferences. Areas of data presentation included the use of computers, facsimile technology, electronic mail, the internet and computer statistical programs. The results of the survey indicated that there was not a distinct difference in the way technology was utilized among the three conferences.

This study determines whether the institutional size has any relationship to institutional concerns for risk management and if institutional size is related to the effectiveness of sound risk management guidelines within collegiate sport club programs. A risk management self assessment instrument consisting of twenty-five sound risk management guidelines and a ranking of the five most important and most difficult to implement was developed. Using the risk management self-assessment instrument, this nation-wide study asked collegiate sport club administrators to assess the extent to which their programs effectively adhere to sound risk management guidelines and to determine what they deem to be the most important and the most difficult risk management concerns to implement. Between institutional population sizes of 0-3000, 3001-10000, 10001- 20000, and 20001-60500, no significant differences were detected in regards to overall effectiveness of risk management guidelines. Six of twenty-five individual statements had significant differences between institutional sizes. These statements' concerns were in regards to equipment, physical examinations, waivers, travel itineraries, site communication accessibility, and manuals. Analysis of the ranking of most important and most difficult concerns to implement indicated there was no significant differences between the institutional sizes in regards to risk management concerns for sport club programs. The most important concerns were: 1) Waivers, 2) Litigation prevention, 3) Facility inspection, 4) Travel-drivers, and 5) Manuals. The most difficult to implement concerns were: 1) Physical examinations, 2) First aid at competitions, 3) Coaching standards, 4) Equipment inspections, and 5) Travel-drivers. With no significant differences between institutional size groupings in either effectiveness or types of concerns, a standard of care regarding risk management appears to be in place across the country.

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No description available.

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<p>[missing page 82]</p> / <p>Six males (M, 21.2 ± 1.2 y) and 6 females (F, 20.3 ± .8 y) trained, by random assignment, the elbow flexors of one arm on an isokinetic device (ID, Hydra-Gym, Belton,T exas) and the other arm on weight device (WD, Rubicon Ind., Stoney Creek, Ont.). Training consisted of 5 sets of 10 maximal effort repetitions at the slowest velocity on the ID and 5 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum on the WD, 3 times per week for 20 weeks.0</p> <p>Needle biopsy samples were obtained from biceps brachii before and after training and analysed for fibre type distribution and fibre area. CT scans were taken of the upper arm and analysed for bicep, brachialis and total flexor cross-sectional area. Strength measurements on both arms were taken at 2 week intervals through the training period on the ID (3 velocities) and the WD (1RM) as well as a Cybex dynamometer (@ 30, 120, 180, 240 °/s) and isometric dynamometer (ISD) (@ 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165°). Contractile properties were obtained from isometric twitch measurements and analysed for peak torque (PT), time to peak torque (TPT), 1/2 relaxation time (1/2 RT), Maximum rate of torque development (MRTD) and maximum rate of torque relaxation ( MRTR).</p> <p>Fibre areas showed no change in absolute values (um ²) however relative fibre area increased (+12.1%, p<.07), the change being most evident in the Type II fibres (+20.8%, p<.06). Bicep area increased 9% following training. Brachialis area increased in absolute and relative (41%) terms with the largest increase in M and F trained on the WD (p<.05). Total flexor area increased significantly with no differences between gender or training mode. Cybex peak torque increased significantly in F (14.1%) but not in M after training. Strength measured on the WD and ID increased significantly in all conditions. WD and ID training produced similar increases in strength measured on the ID. Strength measured on the WD increased more with WD (102.9%) than ID (58.6%) training. M made greater absolute increases in strength on the WD (88.0 vs 69.8 N) and the 10 (266.2 vs 236.8 N) than F, whereas F made greater relative strength increases on the ID (99.3 vs 44.3%), WO (116.0 vs 45.5%) and ISO (22.5 vs 6.5%) than M. PT increased at 14 weeks and remained elevated to some extent, post training. MRTO and MRTR followed the pattern of PT. No change was observed in TPT or 1/2 RT with training. It was concluded that: (1) WD training causes greater gains in training specific strength; (2) M make greater absolute but smaller relative increases in strength than F; (3) WD training is more effective in increasing muscle size than 10 training; (4) F can make comparable absolute gains in muscle mass to M; (5) PT increased with training, in part because of increased muscle mass; (6) Training of this intensity and duration does not affect the time-related contractile characteristics of human muscle.</p> / Master of Science (MS)