This study proceeds from socio-cultural theory concerning the association between language development and participation in linguistic interaction, the concept of affordance, and certain methods and concepts from the ethnography of communication. Six multilingual pupils in grade 3 have been observed during four Swedish lessons. The aim of th0e study is to investigate multilingual pupils’ opportunities for linguistic activities through participation in verbal interaction during Swedish classes. The questions asked by the study concern the extent and nature of the linguistic interaction in which the observed pupils participated. The observations have been supplemented with interviews with two of the pupils’ class teachers. The result shows that the pupils’ participation in different verbal activities varies greatly, which means that they must have different opportunities for linguistic development. The concluding discussion points out the importance of teachers’ planning so that multilingual pupils will be given an opportunity for verbal interaction with classmates and teachers.

Individer som kommit till Sverige som ensamkommande barn möter olika svårigheter. I tidigare forskningsansatser har fokus lagts på ensamkommandes tidigare erfarenhet av våld och krig samt betydelsen av socialt stöd. Studiens syfte är att få ökad förståelse om stress och stresshantering bland ensamkommande samt ta reda på betydelsen av sociala relationer gällande stresshantering. Denna kvalitativa studie är byggd på tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio unga vuxna mäns subjektiva berättelser. De har sitt ursprung i Afghanistan och har kommit till Sverige som ensamkommande barn. Intervjumaterialet analyserades utifrån Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsteori och Lazarus stressteori med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att ensamkommande upplever stress på grund av a) krav från familjen, b) familjens situation i hemlandet, c) språklig interaktion med infödda svenskar, d) kunna hitta ett arbete och e) att inte känna igen den fysiska miljön. Gällande stresshantering visar resultatet att individens sociala nätverk, hjälp från de professionella kontakter och den egna personligheten var betydelsefull. Att kunna arbeta och utbilda sig var viktiga stresshanterings strategier för deltagarna. Vänner från hemlandet och interaktion på det egna modersmålet var källor till trygghet för deltagarna. / Individuals who have come to Sweden as unaccompanied refugee minors meet different difficulties. In previous research, the main focal points have been the unaccompanied minors' previous experiences of violence and war, and the importance of social support. The aims of this study were firstly to gain a greater understanding regarding stress and stress management among unaccompanied refugee minors, and secondly, to look at the importance of social relationships regarding stress management. This qualitative study is based upon ten semi-structured interviews. Ten young adults gave their subjective narrative. The interviewees had their roots in Afghanistan. They all came to Sweden as unaccompanied refugee minors. The interview was analyzed based on Bronfenbrenner´s Ecological systems theory and Lazarus stress theory, using thematic analysis. The results drawn were that unaccompanied refugee minors experience stress because of a) expressed and perceived demands from the family, b) for the family's situation in the home country, c) the oral interaction with ethnical Swedes, d) be able to find work, and e) not recognizing the physical environment. The result regarding stress management shows that social relations, help from professional contacts, and their own personality were of importance for the study participants. Furthermore, the results show that being able to work and to educate themselves were important stress management strategies. Friends from the homeland and the mother tongue were sources of comfort for the participants.