The reduction of manufacturing costs and the facilitation of direct-oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels have been identified as means of promoting the commercialization of the solid oxide fuel cell, a technology that offers both environmental and fuel conservation benefits compared to conventional energy conversion technologies. This research was conducted with the aim of realizing the production of direct-oxidation anodes using atmospheric plasma spraying, which has been identified as a fabrication technique that has the potential to reduce the manufacturing costs of solid oxide fuel cells. This thesis details the rationale behind the selection of the anode compositions (BaO-Ni-YSZ, CeO2-Ni-YSZ, and Sn-Ni-YSZ) and the specifics of the specialized fabrication strategy (SPS-SPPS) that was devised with the aim of realizing microstructures similar to those where the secondary phases (BaO, CeO2, and Sn) coat the surfaces of the primary Ni and YSZ phases. Results of XRD, SEM and EDS analyses are presented.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Due to the fact that cross flow fuel injection is widely used in gas turbine engines combustors, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control the spray breakup within the cross flow. In spite of a lot of work done in this field, very few studies have been carried out under conditions typical of aerospace applications. This thesis describes a series of experiments carried out to simulate these conditions in order to characterize the formation of spray within a high speed, high pressure and high temperature cross flow close to conditions typical of aerospace applications. Fuel spray characteristics were studied for Jet-A fuel injected into a crossflow (M=0.2 and M=0.35) of preheated (T=555K) air at a chamber pressure of 4 atm. It was seen that larger droplets could be found in the periphery of the spray while smaller droplets could be found closer to the injection plate. In most cases, the droplet velocities were seen to lag the incoming air flow velocity by 20-40% and a spray hat structure was created by the jet in crossflow near the injection wall most likely caused by vortex flow created around the liquid column (jet). The influence of Weber number was then studied. It was seen that shear breakup mechanism dominates at We greater than about 100. Droplets diameters were found to be in the range of 15-30 microns for higher values of We, while larger droplets (100-200 microns) were observed at Weber number of 33. The initial sharp-edged injector was then replaced by a smooth-edged injector having. Spray characteristics from the two injectors were compared. The spray produced by the smooth countersunk injector penetrated further into the test section away from the injector orifice by approximately 2mm. This injector also produced droplets with a significantly smaller mean diameter (D10). The average droplet velocities in the vertical direction deviated from the incoming air flow velocity to a lesser degree using the countersunk injector. Meanwhile, droplets from this injector had a higher average velocity in the direction of fuel injection between the core of the spray and the orifice wall.

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page; viewed on June 11, 2009. "May 2009." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Agriculture with specialization in Plant Protection Science." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Terry L. Vassey, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61). Also available on microfiche.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Ariane Morgana Leal Soares / Banca: Guilherme Duarte Rossi / Banca: Otávio Jorge Grigoli Abi Saab / Resumo: A fase larval do inseto Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) há muitos anos é a principal causa de perdas de produtividade na cultura do milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de S. frugiperda, na primeira infestação, em pulverização diurna e noturna e direcionada ao cartucho das plantas de milho ou em área total, com caldas inseticidas acrescidas ou não de adjuvantes, bem como analisar as características físicas de tensão superficial, ângulo de contato, diâmetro de gotas para as caldas, e distribuição volumétrica para os dois modos de aplicação. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em campo, foram utilizados dois modos de aplicação (direcionado ao cartucho das plantas e em área total), dois horários (08 e 20h), três caldas inseticidas (somente com inseticida, inseticida mais nonil fenol e inseticida mais óleo vegetal) e um tratamento sem aplicação, em esquema fatorial triplo (2x2x3)+1, conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A semeadura foi feita nas safras 2012/13 e 2013/14, sendo avaliados os fatores: lagartas vivas após a aplicação (4, 8 e 12 dias) e matéria seca (g.parcela-1). Em laboratório para análise de tensão superficial e ângulo de contato, utilizou-se de tensiômetro. O diâmetro das partículas foi medido por analisador a laser e a distribuição volumétrica por mesa de deposição. Foram utilizadas as mesmas caldas do experimento de campo e para algumas análises também foram acrescentadas caldas somente com água (mesma utilizada para as pulverizações), água ultra pura e dois modelos de pontas de pulverização DG95015 e LD110015. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Houve maior controle do inseto pela pulverização noturna e direcionada ao cartucho das plantas de milho, independente da calda ... / Abstract: The larval stage of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the major cause of yield losses in maize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the control of S. frugiperda, during the first infestation, in day and nighttime spraying directed to maize plants whorl and in total area with insecticide spraying liquids supplemented or not by adjuvant as well as analyze physical characteristics of surface tension and contact angle, droplets diameter and volumetric distribution for the two modes of application. The research at field conditions has involved two modes of application (directed to the whorl of plants and to total area), two times (8 a.m. and 8 p.m.), three insecticide spraying liquids (only insecticide, insecticide with nonifenol and insecticide with oil) and a treatment without application following a triple factorial (2x2x3)+1, in a randomized block design with four replications. Sowing was done in seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14, the factors evaluated were larvae alive after application (4, 8 and 12 days) and dry matter of maize plants (g.parcela-1). The surface tension and contact angle were obtained in tensiometer. The droplets diameter was measured by a laser analyzer and the volumetric distribution on patternator. The same spraying liquids from the field experiment were used and compared with water only (same as used for spraying), and ultrapure water, and two models of spray nozzles DG95015 and LD110015. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. It was obtained better control of the insect by the nocturnal directed spraying, regardless of the spraying liquid used, with smaller loss dry matter weight. The addition of adjuvants to insecticide spraying liquids increased wetting and the diameter of sprayed droplets for the two nozzle models, and the volumetric distribution was equivalent for the two application ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:58:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 madureira_rp_me_botfca.pdf: 401122 bytes, checksum: 27d86707742c65e49ff5859c9b851b37 (MD5) / Um dos maiores problemas enfrentados durante a pulverização dos produtos fitossanitários é a ocorrência de deriva. Considerada uma das principais formas de perda em pulverização, a deriva pode ocasionar prejuízos a culturas adjacentes sensíveis, redução da eficácia bem como a contaminação do ambiente. Com os objetivos de estudar o efeito de pontas de pulverização e a adição de adjuvantes no potencial risco de deriva (PRD) da pulverização bem como o efeito desses produtos sobre a tensão superficial e ângulo de contato de gotas das caldas aquosas com a superfície vegetal, três experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em túnel de vento avaliando o PRD de pontas associadas a caldas contendo ou não adjuvantes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro tipos de calda (água, água + surfatante organosiliconado, água + polímero vegetal e água + éster metilado de óleo de soja) combinados a duas pontas de pulverização de energia hidráulica (Jato plano simples com indução de ar e Jato plano inclinado). O segundo experimento foi realizado utilizando o mesmo delineamento e tratamentos do primeiro experimento para avaliação do espectro de gotas. O último experimento constitui da avaliação da cinética da tensão superficial e ângulo de contato da gota com a superfície foliar de plantas de algodão. Houve efeito dos tipos de pontas de pulverização e adjuvantes sobre o PRD. A ponta jato plano simples com indução de ar, proporcionou menor PRD. A combinação da ponta de jato plano simples com indução de ar com o adjuvante a base de um polímero vegetal foi o tratamento que proporcionou menor PRD. Com relação ao... / One of the biggest problems faced during spraying of pesticides is the drift occurrence. Considered one of the main forms of loss the spray drift can cause damage to sensitive crops, as well as environmental contamination. With the aim of study the effect of spray nozzles and the adjuvants addition on the potential risk of drift (PRD) spraying. As the interference of adjuvants on water solution surface tension and contact angle under foliar surface three experiments were conducted in laboratory. The first experiment was carried out in a wind tunnel to evaluate the potential risk of drift tips using two nozzles combined at water solutions with or without adjuvants. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were four types of solutions (water, water + surfactant, water + polymer and water + soybean oil vegetable) combined with two spray nozzles flat fan nozzle with air induction and flat fan nozzle with angled jet). The second experiment was conducted to evaluate the droplet spectrum, using the same design and treatments in the first experiment. The let last experiment evaluated the kinetics of surface tension and contact angle of the drop with the leaf surface of cotton plants. There was an effect of flat flan nozzle with spray nozzles types and adjuvants on the potential risk of drift (PRD). The flat flan nozzle with air induction resulted in a smaller percentage of PRD. The combination of flat flan nozzle air induction and adjuvant polymer based PRD provided the lowest percentage. After droplet spectrum analysis can be verified that the flat fan nozzle with air induction promoted the bigger VMD. This spray nozzle combined with adjuvant polymer based achieved the highest VMD value. For the kinetics of surface tension the aqueous solution containing the organosilicone adjuvant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade barras pulverizadoras, com e sem sistema estabilizador, operando em condições de cultivo mínimo florestal. Os tratamentos foram organizados de maneira fatorial e delineados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, sendo duas parcelas: pulverizadores com e sem sistema estabilizador de barras - CE e SE, respectivamente; e três subparcelas: velocidades de deslocamento de 1,25 m/s (terceira marcha reduzida), 1,50 m/s (quarta marcha reduzida) e 2,00 m/s (primeira marcha simples). A movimentação das barras foi avaliada através de videografia digital, sendo as imagens analisadas em softwares específicos para o cálculo dos valores dos movimentos horizontais e verticais das barras. Os resultados mostraram que, nas condições de realização deste trabalho, a utilização de barra com estabilizador proporcionou melhor resultado com relação a amplitude do movimento vertical, diminuindo a oscilação da mesma. Houve interação entre o tipo de barra (com e sem estabilizador) e a velocidade de deslocamento do trator para a análise dos movimentos horizontais da barra, observando-se diferenças entre as velocidades apenas na barra sem estabilizador. Na comparação entre os tipos de barras houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para movimentos horizontais apenas na menor velocidade de deslocamento, sendo maior a amplitude obtida com a barra sem estabilizador. No caso dos movimentos verticais esta diferença não foi observada. Com relação a metodologia desenvolvida, considera-se que a mesma se mostrou adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. / Abstract: This study has as aim to value two kinds of boom sprayer operating at forestry minimum tillage conditions. It was used spray booms with and without stabiliser system evaluated in three forward speeds. The vertical and horizontal movements were analysed by digital video recording. The treatments were outlined at subdivided parcels with four repetitions, two parcels: sprayer boom with and without stabiliser system, and three subparcels: three forward speeds 1.25, 1.50 and 2.00 m/s, resulting in 24 parcels. The results showed that the boom with stabiliser system gave better performance related to vertical movements. There was interaction between the use of the stabiliser system and forward speed on the horizontal movements showing differences among the speeds only on the boom without stabiliser. The methodology can be considered adequate to the aim of this work. / Orientador: Ulisses Rocha Antuniassi / Coorientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Banca: Otavio Jorge Grigoli Abi Saab / Mestre

Submitted by Henrique Borges Neves Campos (hcampos_ea@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-19T09:48:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE HBN CAMPOS 2018.pdf: 5571147 bytes, checksum: 1c555ec338396b960800948162d4d9b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-08-20T17:37:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_hbn_dr_jabo.pdf: 5571147 bytes, checksum: 1c555ec338396b960800948162d4d9b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_hbn_dr_jabo.pdf: 5571147 bytes, checksum: 1c555ec338396b960800948162d4d9b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta Tese nasceu de duas grandes oportunidades, avaliar o espectro de gotas pelo método de difração laser em túnel de vento de alta velocidade na Universidade de Nebraska-Lincoln (EUA) e contribuir com o desenvolvimento comercial do produto Herbiciclo Duo® da fabricante de pulverizadores Herbicat. As hipóteses que: (1) os adjuvantes agrícolas a base de polímero em mistura com herbicidas podem mitigar a deriva de gotas em aplicações aéreas e (2) o sistema de aplicação localizada WeedSeeker® é eficaz, preciso e economicamente viável foram usadas como base deste estudo. Foram avaliados cinco adjuvantes polímeros em mistura em tanque com os herbicidas 2,4-D e picloram quanto à deriva sob condições de pulverização aérea. Já, o sistema de aplicação localizada WeedSeeker® foi avaliado embarcado em quadriciclos para controle de plantas daninhas na entrelinha da cana-de-açúcar em função do tamanho de plantas, velocidade de aplicação, condições de irradiância e doses do herbicida glyphosate. Espera-se com este estudo apresentar estratégias para difundir práticas mais sustentáveis de intervenção fitossanitária em curto, médio e longo prazo. / This thesis was created from two great opportunities, to evaluate the droplet spectra by using high speed wind tunnel laser diffraction method at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (USA) and to contribute to the commercial development of the Herbiciclo Duo® product, produced by Herbicat sprayer manufacturer. The hypothesis that: (1) polymer adjuvants tank mixture with herbicides can mitigate spray drift under aerial applications and (2) the WeedSeeker® spot spray system is effective, accurate, and economically feasible were used as the basis for this study. The effect of five polymer adjuvants tank mixture with 2,4-D and picloram herbicides were evaluated due spray drift under aerial application conditions. The WeedSeeker® spot spray system was evaluated on quadicycle for weed control on sugarcane interrow due to plant size, speed track, irradiance conditions and glyphosate herbicide doses. It is hoped that this study presents strategies to disseminate more sustainable practices of phytosanitary intervention in the short, medium and long term.