Inicialmente, foram analisados dados peso-idade do nascimento até 100 meses de idade, de vacas de quatro grupos genéticos (G): Nelore (NEL), ½Canchim + ½Nelore (CN), ½Angus + ½Nelore (AN) e ½Simental + ½Nelore (SN), pertencentes a Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos. Os animais considerados neste estudo nasceram de 1998 a 2001 (Ano), na primavera e outono (EP), e foram criados em sistema de produção intensiva, recebendo três níveis de suplementação pós-desmama (M): 0, 1,5; 3,0 kg/animal/dia de concentrado. O objetivo neste estudo foi comparar diferentes modelos não-lineares para estimar o crescimento, e avaliar a influência de efeitos de ambiente e grupo genético sobre os parâmetros estimados. Os modelos não-lineares: Brody, Gompertz, Logístico, Von Bertalanffy e Richards foram ajustados por mínimos quadrados ordinários e ponderados, considerando a variância normal e ponderada pelo inverso dos pesos em diferentes períodos. Foi usado o procedimento NLIN do SAS. Os modelos Brody e Von Bertalanffy convergiram para todos os G, havendo, entretanto, leve superioridade do Brody ponderado. Na comparação do ajuste dos modelos considerando o uso do inverso da variância os modelos mostraram-se mais adequado. As estimativas dos parâmetros peso assintótico (A) e taxa de maturidade (k) do modelo de Brody ponderado foram analisadas por meio de modelo que, além do efeito médio global, incluiu os efeitos de G, M, EP e as interações entre estes efeitos. Houve diferenças significativas das curvas de crescimento médias para os G. Na análise individual dos parâmetros A e k estimados através do modelo Brody ponderado, verificou-se que A foi influenciado (P<0,05) por G e EP e k foi influenciado (P<0,05) por M, fornecidos aos animais durante quatro meses após desmama. Melhorias no manejo alimentar resultaram em menor variação na forma das curvas de crescimentos e em altas taxas de maturidade. Na segunda parte, verificou-se a qualidade do modelo Brody, ponderado pelo inverso das variâncias dos pesos, quanto ao ajuste peso-idade como também a influência das estimativas do peso à maturidade (A) e da taxa de maturidade (k) sobre características produtivas das vacas NEL, CN, AN e SN. Foram organizados 10 grupos contemporâneos (GC), com concatenação dos efeitos Ano-EP-M para cada G. Utilizando-se um modelo misto com efeitos de G e GC, foi incluído, alternadamente covariáveis linear e quadrática de A e k, na análise das características produtivas: peso à desmama dos bezerros (PD); número (ND8) e kg (KD8) de bezerros desmamados em até 8 anos de permanência da vaca no rebanho; relação PD/peso da vaca ao parto (PD_PVP); relação PD/peso da vaca à desmama do bezerro (PD_PVD); relação PD/unidade metabólica da vaca (PV0,75) à desmama do bezerro (PDW). Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) da curva de crescimento entre os grupos genéticos (G) e também entre os grupos de contemporâneos (GC) dentro de G. Verificou-se que estas características foram, em geral, influenciadas (P<0,01) tanto pelos efeitos linear e quadrático de A quanto pelos efeitos linear e quadrático de k. / Initially, were analyzed weight-age data from birth to 100 months of age from cows of four genetic groups (G): Nellore (NEL), ½Nellore + ½Canchim (CN), ½Angus +½Nellore (AN) and ½Simmental + ½Nellore (SN), of a experiment carried out at Embrapa Southeast Cattle Research Center, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The animals considered in this study were born from 1998 to 2001 (Year) in spring and fall (EP), and were managed in intensive production system and submitted to three of levels of supplementation post-weaning (M): 0, 1.5 and 3.0 kg/animal/day of concentrate. The objective of this study was to compare different nonlinear models to fitted growth curves, of beef cattle females, and to evaluate of environmental and genetic group effects on the estimated parameters. The nonlinear models: Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy and Richards were fitted by ordinary least squares and weighted by the inverse of the variances of the weights in different periods. It was used the NLIN procedure of SAS. The parameters asymptotic weight (A) and maturing rate (k) obtained from model of Brody were analyzed by a mixed linear model that, besides the overall mean effect, included the effects of G, M, EP, and the interactions among these effects. The Brody and Von Bertalanffy models converged for all genetic groups, although slight superiority of the weighted Brody. Comparing the goodness of fit of these models, the use of the inverse of variances showed more efficient than the adjust of the models considering normal variances. Individual analysis of A and k estimated the model weighted Brody, the A parameter was influenced (P <0.05) by genetic group and season of birth and k was influenced (P <0 05) for levels of supplementation to the animals. Improvements in feeding supplementation resulted in less variation in the shape of growth curves and rates of maturity. In the second part of the work, it was evaluated the goodness of the Brody model, weighted by the inverse variance weights, in the adjust of weight-age data, and also analyzed the influence of the maturity weight (A) and maturing rate (k) estimates for traits cows productivity. Were organized 10 contemporary groups (CG) with concatenation of effects Year- EP-M for each G. Considering a mixed model with effects of G and CG (10 contemporaneous groups organized by concatenation Year-EP-M effects), linear and quadratic covariate effects of A and k, were added, alternately, for the analysis of the following traits: weaning weight of calve (WW), number (NW8) and kg (KW8) of calves weaned over 8 years of the cow in the herd; WW/weight of the cow at calving (WW_WC); WW/cow weight at weaning of calf (WW_WWC); and WW/metabolic unit of the cow (PV0,75) at weaning of the calf (MW). There was significant difference (P<0.05) of the growth curve among the genetic groups and also among contemporary groups within G. It was found that the production traits were, in general, influenced (P<0.01) by both linear and quadratic effects of A and k.

Abstracts in English, Xhosa and Southern Sotho / This study critically explores the link between internationalisation theories and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) – a linkage which is well documented in the literature. Numerous studies have established that the internationalisation process recognises both firm- and market-specific aspects, which greatly determine the direction of outward FDI in terms of volume and pattern. In this interaction, path dependency is determined by the intensity of overlapping aspects or linkages, from firm-level heterogeneity and host market aspects that direct investment patterns in terms of the latter, to the volumes of firm-level adjustments. Firm-level heterogeneity comprises those traits, which enable an individual firm to make an investment decision, select a market-entry strategy and create the competitive advantages that will sustain its investments. Macro-level or country-specific aspects encompass those traits or characteristics of host markets, which encourage FDI on the part of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Most studies overlook the path dependency of country- and firm-specific aspects, which are crucial to the internationalisation processes of international business, economics and trade. Academic studies either focus on macro- or micro-level aspects, without paying specific attention to the path dependency of expansion strategies. The present study attempts to fill these gaps in the existing body of knowledge, by investigating international business in these contexts. The rationale for undertaking this study was two-fold: first, FDI holds proven benefits for host markets, which include economic growth, industry spillover, human capital development and transitory tacit knowledge. From a firm-level perspective, outward FDI largely enhances the capacity of MNEs, prompting an increase in asset accumulation, market share and human capital development, the more efficient utilisation of resources and return on equity. In this study, an argument is presented for measuring the variables of both firm- and market-specific aspects, since most existing studies in this genre focus either on micro- or macro-level determinants, or totally overlook the importance of linkages. Second, no documented research has investigated the path dependency of expansion strategies, especially in Africa. Crucially, the importance of path dependency of South Africa’s outward investment has not been documented either. Further, existing evidence on the role the path dependency of expansion strategies plays in outward FDI are scarce, with even fewer studies following a sectorial approach. This study attempts to fill these academic research gaps by reflecting both firm- and market-level data from various sources for the period 1995–2015, using panel dynamic regression models. The study found that the linkages between firm heterogeneity (firm-level evidence) and market-level aspects create a path dependency of expansion strategies. MNEs adopt either joint ventures or wholly owned subsidiaries (or both) as market-entry strategies, but the decision is informed by the intensity of those firm heterogeneity aspects that allow them to exploit opportunities and mitigate risk in host markets. Notably, the intensity of path dependency seemingly varies from one industrial segment to the next. The impulse response approach delivered evidence that one standard deviation shock of firm-specific variables led to a moderate improvement in firm-level capacities in the short run, but a significant improvement in the long run. The same result was recorded for market-level aspects, with the intensity of the results varying from one industry to the next. The causality test attempted to explore the causal relationship between the study variables in both firm- and market-level aspects. Empirical evidence from the study indicates that the size of the firm and its capacity to utilise its resources efficiently, influence their investment in host markets. As regards market-specific aspects, the size of the economy, levels of industry and trade openness were found to have a causal effect on the inflow of FDI in host markets. The intensity of causal aspects was also found to vary from one industry to the next, due to variations in firm-level heterogeneity and their linkage in terms of aspects related to the host market. In sum, this study complements existing material on the subject of international business. / Olu phononongo luphicotha ikhonkco phakathi kweengcingane zamazwe ngamazwe kunye notyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo oluphuma ngaphandle kumazwe asemzini (i-FDI) –indibaniselo ebhalwe kakuhle kwimiqulu yoncwadi. Izifundo ezininzi ezenziweyo ziye zaqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe iyazamkela zombini inkampani- kunye nemiba ekhethekileyo yemarike, ezihlola kakhulukazi imikhombandlela (izikhokelo) ye-FDI yangaphandle ngokomthamo kunye nephatheni. Kule ntsebenziswano, indlela yokuxhomekeka ifunyanwa ngobungakanani bezinto ezisebenzelelanayo/ezingenanayo okanye izenzo zokuhlangana, ukusuka kwiintlobo-ntlobo zamanqanaba enkampani kunye neemfuno zabasingathe imicimbi yeendawo zokuthengisa (iimarike) iimpahla ezilawula iiphatheni zotyalo-imali ngokweyokugqibela, kwimilinganiselo yokulungelelaniswa kwenqanaba lwenkampani. Iintlobo-ntlobo zamanqanaba enkampani ziquka ezo mpawu, ezenza inkampani nganye yenze isigqibo sotyalo-mali, ikhethe isicwangciso sokungeniswa kwimarike kwaye siyile amathuba amahle okhuphiswano aya kugcina utyalo-mali. Inqanaba eliphezulu okanye iinkalo ezithile zelizwe zibandakanya ezo zimo okanye iimpawu zeemarike ezamkelekileyo, ezikhuthaza i-FDI kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe (i-MNEs). Uninzi lwezifundo aziyiniki ngqalelo indlela yokuxhomekeka yelizwe kwimicimbi ekhethekileyo nebalulekileyo yenkampani kwiinkqubo zangokwamazwe oshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe, uqoqosho norhwebo. Uphando lwemfundo ephakamileyo lugxininisa kwiinkcukacha ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi ngokunganiki ngqalelo kwindlela yokuxhomekeka yeendlela zokwandisa. Uphononongo lwangoku luzama ukuvala izikhewu/izikroba kulwazi olukhoyo., ngokuphanda ishishini lwamazwe ngamazwe kule meko. Ingqiqo ekwenzeni olu phando yahlulwe kubini: okokuqala, i-FDI inenzuzo eqinisekisiweyo kwabasingethe iimarike, ezibandakanya ukukhula koqoqosho, ukuchuma kwamashishini, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zabantu kunye nolwazi oludlulileyo lwezakhono. Ngakwicala lenqanaba lenkampani, i-FDI yangaphandle iphakamisa amandla e-MNE, ikhawulezisa ukunyusa uqokelelo lwempahla, isabelo semarike kunye nophuhliso lwabantu, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo kunye nokubuyela kubulungisa bokulingana. Kolu phononongo, impikiswano inikezelwe ukulinganisa iinguqu zombini yenkampani- kunye nemimiselo ethile yemarike, njengoko olunye uphando oluninzi olwenziweyo kolu hlobo lugxininisa koonobangela abakwizinga elisezantsi okanye eliphezulu, okanye kunganikwa ngqalelo tu kukubaluleka kwezenzo zokudibana / zokunxibelelana. Okwesibini, akukho phando lubhaliweyo oluphande indlela yokuxhomekeka kweendlela zokwandisa, ngakumbi e-Afrika. Ngokusesikweni, ukubaluleka kwendlela yokuxhomekeka yotyalo-mali lwangaphandle eMzantsi Afrika alukaze nalo lubhalwe phantsi. Ukongezelela, ubungqina obukhoyo kwindima yendlela yokuxhomekeka yeendlela zokwandisa kwi-FDI yangaphandle zinqabile, kwakunye nezifundo ezimbalwa ezilandela indlela yamacandelo. Olu phononongo luzama ukuzalisa izikroba zophando zemfundo ephakamileyo ngokuzibonakalisa zombini inkampani- kunye nedatha yamanqanaba emarike avela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yexesha lowe-1995-2015, usebenzisa iimodeli zepaneli ezinamandla zokubuy’umva. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ukudibana phakathi kweentlobo-ntlobo zenkampani (ubungqina bezinga lenkampani) kunye nemilinganiselo yezinga lemarike zidala indlela yoxhomekeko yeendlela zokukhula. Ii-MNE zamkela intsebenziswano ngokuhlangeneyo okanye bazibambele ngokwabo ngokupheleleyo (okanye zombini) njengeendlela zokungena kwimarike, kodwa isigqibo siphenjelelwa bubungakanani beentlobo-ntlobo zemicimbi yenkampani evumela ukuba baxhaphaze amathuba kwaye banciphise umngcipheko kwiimarike zenkampani. Ngokuphawulekayo, ubukhulu bokuxhomekeka wendlela yokuxhomekeka kukhangeleka kusahluka ukusuka kwicandelo elinye lozoshishino ukuya kwelinye elilandelayo. Indlela yokuphendula ngokungxama inikezele ubungqina bokuba ukuphazamiseka okusesikweni kwizinto eziguquguqukayo zenkampani ezikhethekileyo zikhokelele ekuphuculeni okusezingeni eliphakathi kwinqanaba kubungakanani benqanaba lenkampani ngexeshana, kodwa ukuphuculwa okubonakalayo nokubalulekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Isiphumo esifanayo sabhalwa phantsi kwiinkalo zemarike, nobukhulu beziphumo zohluka ukusuka kwelinye ishishini ukuya kwelinye. Uvavanyo lwamaxesha athile luzame ukuphonononga ubudlelwane bamaxesha athile phakathi kwezifundo zezinto eziguquguqukayo kwiinkalo zombini inkampani –kunye nenqanaba lemarike/ neemeko zemarike. Ubungqina bamava obuvela kuphando lubonisa ukuba ubungakanani benkampani kunye namandla okusebenzisa uvimba wezixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, ziphembelela utyalo-mali kwiimarike zenkampani. Ngokubhekiselele kwimimandla ethile yemarike, ubungakanani boqoqosho, amazinga oshishino kunye nokuvuleka kwezorhwebo kufunyaniswe ukuba kunefuthe elenzekayo ngamaxesha athile ekungeneni kwe-FDI kubasingathi beemarike. Ubungakanani bemicimbi eyenzeka ngamaxesha athile yafunyanwa kwakhona ukuba yohlukile ukusuka kwelinye ishishini ukuya kwelinye, ngenxa yeenguqu kwiintlobo-ntlobo zeamanqanaba enkampani kunye nokudibana kwabo ngokwemiba enxulumene nabasingethe imarike. Kafutshane esi sifundo, sigcwalisa izixhobo ezikhoyo kwisihloko sezoshishino lamazwe ngamazwe. / Dinyakišišo tše di utolla ka tsinkelo kgokagano gareng ga diteori tša peyomaemong a boditšhabatšhaba le peeletšothwii ye e tšwago dinageng tša ka ntle (FDI) – e lego kgokagano yeo go ngwadilwego ka yona kudu ka dingwalweng. Dinyakišišo tše mmalwa di utollotše gore tshepedišo ya go bea maemong a boditšhabatšhaba e lemoga bobedi dilo tša difeme le tše di amanago le difeme, tšeo di laolago kudu fao FDI ya dinaga tša ka ntle e lebilego gona mabapi le bontši le mokgwa. Ka tirišanong ye, go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo go laolwa ke bontši bja dilo tšeo di dirwago ka nako e tee goba dikamano, go tloga go go farologanya ditšweletšwa ka femeng le dilo tša mmaraka wa ka nageng tšeo di laolago mekgwa ya dipeeletšo mabapi le go ya ka mmaraka wa ka nageng, go ya go mehuta ye mentši ya dipeakanyo tša ka femeng. Go farologanya ditšweletšwa ka femeng go bopilwe ke diphetogo tše, tšeo di kgontšhago feme ye itšego go tšea sephetho sa mabapi le peeletšo, go kgetha maano a go tsena ka mmarakeng le go hlama menyetla ye mekaone yeo e tlago tšwetša pele peeletšo ya yona. Dikokwane tša ekonomi ye kgolo goba tša ka nageng di akaretša diphetogo tšeo goba dipharologantšhi tša mebaraka ya ka nageng, tšeo di hlohleletšago FDI ka karolong ya dikgwebo tša dinaga tša ka ntle (di-MNE). Dinyakišišo tše ntši di hlokomologile go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo ga naga le ga dilo tša ka femeng ye itšego, tšeo di lego bohlokwa go tshepedišo ya peyomaemong a boditšhabatšhaba ya dikgwebo tša boditšhabatšhaba, diekonomi le kgwebišano. Dinyakišišo tša dirutegi di ka be di lebeletše kudu dilo tša ekonomi ye kgolo goba tša ye nnyane, ka ntle le go lebiša šedi ye kgolo go go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo a boditšhabatšhaba ga maano a katološo. Dinyakišišo tše di leka go tlatša dikgoba tše ka tsebo ye e lego gona, ka go nyakišiša dikgwebo tša boditšhabatšhaba ka maemong a. Maikemišetšo a go dira dinyakišišo tše e bile a mabedi: sa mathomo, FDI e na le dikholego tšeo di tiišeditšwego go mebaraka ya ka dinageng, tšeo di akaretšago kgolo ya ekonomi, khuetšano ya diintasteri, tlhabollo ya bokgoni bja bašomi le phetišetšo ya tsebo ye e lego nyanyeng. Go ya ka maemong a difeme, FDI ye e tšwago dinageng tša ka ntle e godiša bokgoni bja di- MNE, ya hlohleletša koketšego ya khwetšo ya dithoto, ya kabelano ya mmaraka le ya tlhabollo ya bokgoni bja bašomi, tšhomišo ye kaone kudu ya methopo le go hwetša poelo go dikabelano. Ka mo dinyakišišong tše, go hlagišwa ntlha ya go ela diphapano tša bobedi dilo tša ka femeng le tša ka mmarakeng, ka ge bontši bja dinyakišišo tše di lego gona ka mo lekaleng le la dinyakišišo di lebeletše kudu tšeo di laolago ekonomi ye nnyane goba ye kgolo goba tšeo di hlokomologago ka botlalo bohlokwa bja dikgokagano. Sa bobedi, ga go dinyakišišo tšeo di ngwadilwego tšeo di nyakišišitšego go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo ga maano a katološo, kudukudu ka Afrika. Se bohlokwa ke gore, bohlokwa bja go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo ga peeletšo ya Afrika Borwa ya dinaga tša ka ntle ga se gwa ngwalwa le ge go le bjale. Godimo ga fao, bohlatse bjo bo lego gona ka ga mošomo wa go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo fao go ralokago ka ga maano a katološo ka go FDI ya dinaga tša ka ntle e se bjo bontši, gomme go na le dinyakišišo tše mmalwa go latela mokgwa wo o lebeletšego makala. Dinyakišišo tše di leka go tlatša dikgoba tše tša dinyakišišo tša dirutegi ka go laetša tshedimošo ya bobedi ka maemong a difeme le ka mebarakeng go tšwa methopong ya mehutahuta go tloga ka mengwaga ya 1995–2015, ka go šomiša mekgwa ya kakanyo ya dikamano ye e fetogago. Dinyakišišo di hweditše gore dikamano gareng ga go farologanya ditšweletšwa (bohlatse bja ka maemong a difeme) le dilo tša maemo a ka mmarakeng di hlola go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo ga maano a katološo. Di-MNE di šomiša masolo a mohlakanelwa goba dikhamphani tša ka fasana tšeo di laolwago ka botlalo (goba ka bobedi) bjalo ka maano a go tsena ka mmarakeng, eupša sephetho se laolwa ke bontši bja dilo tšeo tša go farologanya ditšweletšwa tšeo di di dumelelago go nyaka dibaka le go fokotša kotsi ka mebarakeng ya ka nageng. Seo se lemogilwego ke gore, bontši bja go tšea diphetho go ya ka maemo go bonala go fapane go ya ka karolo ya intasteri go ya go ye nngwe. Mokgwa wa go arabela kgoketšo wo o hlagišitšwego ka bohlatseng bja gore phapogo ya tlwaelo ya diphapano tša ka femeng e feleleditše ka kaonafalo ya magareng ya bokgoni bja difeme lebakeng le lekopana, eupša ka kaonafalo ye kgolo mo lebakeng le letelele. Dipoelo tše di swanago di begilwe ka go dilo tša maemo a ka mmarakeng, gomme bontši bja dipoelo tša fapana go ya ka diintasteri. Teko ya mathata yeo e bego e leka go utolla kamano ya tšeo di bakago se gareng ga phapano ya dinyakišišo ka go bobedi ka dilo tša ka femeng le tša ka mmarakeng. Bohlatse bja maitemogelo go tšwa ka mo dinyakišišong bo laetša gore bogolo bja feme le bokgoni bja yona bja go šomiša methopo ya yona gabotse ntle le mathata, di huetša peeletšo ya yona ka mebarakeng ya ka nageng. Mabapi le dilo tša ka mmarakeng, bogolo bja ekonomi, maemo a intasteri le go hloka sephiri ka kgwebišanong di bonwe di na le seabe sa go baka seemo go tseneng ga FDI ka mebarakeng ya ka nageng. Bontši bja dilo tše di bakago maemo go hweditšwe gape gore go fapana go ya ka diintasteri, ka lebaka la diphapano ka go farologanyo ya ditšweletšwa ka difemeng le kamano ya tšona mabapi le dilo tšeo di amanago le mmaraka wa ka nageng. Bjalo ka kakaretšo, dinyakišišo tše di tlaleletša dingwalwa tšeo di lego gona ka ga hlogotaba ya dikgwebo tša boditšhabatšhaba. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Business Management)

Dans le cadre de la sélection de modèle par contraste pénalisé, L. Birgé and P. Massart ont prouvé que le phénomène de pénalité minimale se produit pour la sélection libre parmi des variables gaussiennes indépendantes. Nous étendons certains de leurs résultats à la partition d'un signal gaussien lorsque la famille de partitions envisagées est suffisamment riche, notamment dans le cas des arbres de régression. Nous montrons que le même phénomène se produit dans le cadre de l'estimation de densité. La richesse de la famille de modèle s'apparente à une forme d'isotropie. De ce point de vue le phénomène de pénalité minimale est intrinsèque. Pour corroborer et illustrer ce point de vue, nous montrons que le même phénomène se produit pour une famille de modèles d'orientation aléatoire uniforme. / L. Birgé and P. Massart proved that the minimum penalty phenomenon occurs in Gaussian model selection when the model family arises from complete variable selection among independent variables. We extend some of their results to discrete Gaussian signal segmentation when the model family corresponds to a sufficiently rich family of partitions of the signal's support. This is the case of regression trees. We show that the same phenomenon occurs in the context of density estimation. The richness of the model family can be related to a certain form of isotropy. In this respect the minimum penalty phenomenon is intrinsic. To corroborate this point of view, we show that the minimum penalty phenomenon occurs when the models are chosen randomly under an isotropic law.

A new combination of techniques for the numerical computation of incompressible flow is presented. The temporal discretization bases on the discontinuous Galerkin-formulation. Both constant (DG(0)) and linear approximation (DG(1)) in time is discussed. In case of DG(1) an iterative method reduces the problem to a sequence of problems each with the dimension of the DG(0) approach. For the semi-discrete problems a Galerkin/least-squares method is applied. Furthermore a non-overlapping domain decomposition method can be used for a parallelized computation. The main advantage of this approach is the low amount of information which must be exchanged between the subdomains. Due to the slight bandwidth a workstation-cluster is a suitable platform. Otherwise this method is efficient only for a small number of subdomains. The interface condition is of the Robin/Robin-type and for the Navier-Stokes equation a formulation introducing a further pressure interface condition is used. Additionally a suggestion for the implementation of the standard k-epsilon turbulence model with special wall function is done in this context. All the features mentioned above are implemented in a code called ParallelNS. Using this code the verification of this approach was done on a large number of examples ranging from simple advection-diffusion problems to turbulent convection in a closed cavity.

Maps and models of seismic and tsunami risk are constructed from a variety of measurements taken in Indonesia, which have the potential to reduce loss of life and infrastructure. The first study uses the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method to calculate the time-averaged shear wave velocity to 30 m depth (Vs30). These measurements were taken at 58 sites in the city of Pacitan, Java and on the islands of Lombok, Ambon, and the Banda Islands. Vs30 calculations are compared with local geologic maps to extrapolate site class for locations not measured directly. Site class maps are then compared with Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) observations for three earthquake events that impacted Lombok and Ambon to identify regions where the MMI and Vs30 do and do not corroborate one another. Consistent with other Vs30 studies, the lowest values are observed on coastal alluvial plains and the highest values on steeper hillsides underlain by volcanic deposits. The second study focuses on a potential sector collapse of the volcano Banda Api within the Banda Islands. A field survey of its summit identified a steeply dipping normal fault striking NNE-SSW. This, along with the fissure geometry of the volcano's most recent eruption, reveals a failure plane along which a future sector collapse could occur. The numerical model Tsunami Squares (TS) predicts that the tsunami produced by this landslide would inundate an estimated 63% of buildings on the Banda Islands with waves as high as 82 m. These findings highlight the importance of installing a GPS receiver array on Banda Api to monitor the motion of its slopes. The third study analyzes sediment from trenches on the Banda Islands and Ambon to test if historical tsunamis that have impacted the area are preserved in the geological record. Potential tsunami deposits were identified by the presence of marine sand and larger clasts of marine carbonate in an environment which otherwise lacks large storms to bring such material onshore. Several dating methods constrain the ages of at least seven candidate tsunami deposits found in trenches onshore. One of these historical tsunamis (the event of November 26, 1852) is described in significant detail from several locations across the Banda Sea, which enables modeling of the event using a Bayesian statistical approach. The posterior of this model predicts the most likely epicenter was SW of Seram with a mean magnitude of Mw 8.8. It also makes other predictions about fault parameters. The region exhibits a marked slip deficit based on instrumental records of earthquakes in the area.

This diploma thesis deal with analysis of current surveying methods of railway track spatial position of the track section located between Břeclav and Znojmo. At the beginning of the work there is described historical development of railway geodesy in our country and conditions of railway geodetic points field abroad. Further there are mentioned rules for measurement of railway point fields in the Czech Republic. In the following chapter you will find sub-stages of building railway point fields in track section with analysis of accuracy measurement and a proposal of prior accuracy of measurement for computing with the least square method. In the end of the thesis there is described a calculation of parameters spatial track geometry with the suggestion of computing service for uniform way of calculating partial stages of railway geodetic point field.

Diploma thesis describes the measurement and evaluation of displacements and deformations of the wooden roof structure of the aquapark hall in Brno – Kohoutovice. Part of the work is devoted to the preparation and testing of used devices and tools. The main part of the work consists of performing one stage of measurement using the polar method and the laser scanning method. The polar method measurement is compared with the results of the polar method of the previous stage. The next part of the work deals with the comparison of the polar method and the laser scanning method measured in the last stage. The results achieved are interpreted in the final part of the work.

The master’s thesis deals with method of adaptive control of electrical drives. It aims at control of DC motor with using self tunning controller (STC) and gain-schedulink in simulative enviroment of MATLAB. The first part of the thesis deals with of basic methods adaptive control of electrical drives and with of basic identification methods, computation of controller parameters and control laws of controllers. The second part of the thesis is aimed at applying adaptive controllers to mathematical model of controlled system. Include monitoring parameters of identification The thesis contains originate programs include source files.

The diploma thesis is focused on an adaptive control, especially in a self-tuning controller area. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with identification methods of the adaptive control. The recursive least squares algorithm and the neural network method are the most popular identification methods. These methods are contrasted and the identification quality evaluation is done. The second part compares various types of the adaptive controllers with a non-adjustable PSD controller. The adaptive controllers are investigated from the various identification method point of view. The user graphic interface was realized for the identification and regulatory part. The time behavior of system responses after incoming disturbance and dynamic process changes during simulation systems control is compared with a physical model connected to B&R PLC. The comparison is done with the application of Matlab/Simulink program.

This master's thesis considers adaptive optimal controllers. It shows principles of optimal controllers, recursive identification using least-mean squares method and identification based on neural network.