Transformation of service delivery in the Westcoast winelands region's hospitals: challenges and prospects

Trata-se este de um estudo exploratório de abordagem psicométrica que realizou a validação de construto da Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Alcoolista (AEFAAA), entre estudantes de enfermagem, e originou o instrumento EAFA-e. Para a coleta dos dados, aplicou se a EAFAAA original, composta por 54 itens alocados em 2 fatores em uma amostra de 212 estudantes de enfermagem de uma Universidade pública da cidade de São Paulo. A validação de construto foi realizada por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e pela verificação da confiabilidade testada pelo alfa de Crombach. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a permanência de 25 itens do total dos 54 que, inicialmente, compunham a escala. Destes, 11 itens (44%) compõem o fator 1 O alcoolista e o cuidado e 14 itens (56%) o fator 2 A etiologia, as repercussões do alcoolismo e o relacionamento com o alcoolista. A confiabilidade observada na EAFA-e estimada pelo alfa de Combrach foi de 0,83 para a escala na íntegra, 0,80 para o Fator 1 e 0,81 para o Fator 2, o que aponta que o instrumento apresenta índices aceitáveis de consistência interna. Baseando-se nos parâmetros psicométricos evidenciados, conclui-se que a EAFA-e é um instrumento útil e capaz de mensurar os principais grupos de atitudes (moral, doença, etiológico e profissional) entre estudantes de enfermagem frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista, com comprovada confiabilidade. / In this exploratory study with a psychometric approach, the construct validation of the Scale of Attitudes towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and the Alcoholic (AEFAAA) was performed among nursing students, resulting in the instrument EAFA-e. For data collection, the original EAFAAA, comprising 54 items allocated in 2 factors, was applied to a sample of 212 nursing students at a public university in São Paulo City. Construct validation was determined through exploratory factor analysis and reliability, using Cronbachs alfa. The obtained results indicated that 25 of the original 54 items continued, 11 (44%) of which in factor 1 The alcoholic and care and 14 (56%) in factor 2 Etiology, repercussions of alcoholism and relationship with the alcoholic. The reliability observed in the EAFA-e, estimated through Cronbachs alfa, corresponded to 0.83 for the complete scale, 0.80 for Factor 1 and 0.81 for Factor 2, with acceptable internal consistency levels. In conclusion, based on the psychometric parameters that were evidenced, the EAFA-e is a useful instrument that can measure the main attitude groups (moral, disease, etiologic and professional) among nursing students towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic, with proven reliability.

Trata-se este de um estudo exploratório de abordagem psicométrica que realizou a validação de construto da Escala de Atitudes Frente ao Álcool, ao Alcoolismo e ao Alcoolista (AEFAAA), entre estudantes de enfermagem, e originou o instrumento EAFA-e. Para a coleta dos dados, aplicou se a EAFAAA original, composta por 54 itens alocados em 2 fatores em uma amostra de 212 estudantes de enfermagem de uma Universidade pública da cidade de São Paulo. A validação de construto foi realizada por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e pela verificação da confiabilidade testada pelo alfa de Crombach. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a permanência de 25 itens do total dos 54 que, inicialmente, compunham a escala. Destes, 11 itens (44%) compõem o fator 1 O alcoolista e o cuidado e 14 itens (56%) o fator 2 A etiologia, as repercussões do alcoolismo e o relacionamento com o alcoolista. A confiabilidade observada na EAFA-e estimada pelo alfa de Combrach foi de 0,83 para a escala na íntegra, 0,80 para o Fator 1 e 0,81 para o Fator 2, o que aponta que o instrumento apresenta índices aceitáveis de consistência interna. Baseando-se nos parâmetros psicométricos evidenciados, conclui-se que a EAFA-e é um instrumento útil e capaz de mensurar os principais grupos de atitudes (moral, doença, etiológico e profissional) entre estudantes de enfermagem frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista, com comprovada confiabilidade. / In this exploratory study with a psychometric approach, the construct validation of the Scale of Attitudes towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and the Alcoholic (AEFAAA) was performed among nursing students, resulting in the instrument EAFA-e. For data collection, the original EAFAAA, comprising 54 items allocated in 2 factors, was applied to a sample of 212 nursing students at a public university in São Paulo City. Construct validation was determined through exploratory factor analysis and reliability, using Cronbachs alfa. The obtained results indicated that 25 of the original 54 items continued, 11 (44%) of which in factor 1 The alcoholic and care and 14 (56%) in factor 2 Etiology, repercussions of alcoholism and relationship with the alcoholic. The reliability observed in the EAFA-e, estimated through Cronbachs alfa, corresponded to 0.83 for the complete scale, 0.80 for Factor 1 and 0.81 for Factor 2, with acceptable internal consistency levels. In conclusion, based on the psychometric parameters that were evidenced, the EAFA-e is a useful instrument that can measure the main attitude groups (moral, disease, etiologic and professional) among nursing students towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic, with proven reliability.

Transformation of service delivery in the Westcoast winelands region's hospitals: challenges and prospects

This study assesses the attitudes of resident college students and staffs toward the concept in loco parents as it pertains to residence hall administration. It also describes relationships between attitudes toward in loco parentis combinations of four demographic variables: university, status (staff or resident) academic level, and sex. The chi-square analysis indicated thirty-one significant relationships between attitudes toward the eleven residence hall situations and the four demographic variables. Major findings indicated that: (a) resident students and staffs were ambiguous toward in loco parents; (b) resident students and staffs were for or against in loco parents depending upon the situation (eleven situations are discussed); (c) attitudes of resident students and staffs were similar in most situations; and (d) the majority of resident students and staff members felt positively toward an objective description of in loco parentis, but this attitude did not prevail when the concept was manifested in university staff behavior in typical residence hall situations.

This study concerns the general question, "What has been the impact of collective bargaining representation elections on nonprofit hospitals in Texas?" The means of answering this question involved a study of wages and attitudes of nonprofessional employees in both hospitals where such elections occurred and hospitals where no such elections had occurred in the State of Texas. An overview of the development of hospitals and the union movement in hospitals are presented as background information for this study. Further, a brief discourse on attitude development and attitude measurement is provided as theoretical foundational material. A researcher-constructed questionnaire was devised, tested, and administered to employees of the subject hospitals. There were 176 useable returns from employees where no union representation election occurred and 176 useable returns from employees where union representation elections occurred.

This study, The lived experiences of black women academic researchers at the University of South Africa, investigated the factors that impacted on the lives of the black women academics at Unisa in the College of Education. It was a phenomenological study wherein the participants shared their lived experiences through in-depth interviews. This was a qualitative study that employed an interpretive paradigm. This permitted the view that reality is multiple layered. It took into account the various viewpoints of the participants as different realities that were narrated in this report by using the verbatim quotations of the participants. The findings revealed that Black women academic lecturers at Unisa faced challenges in the teaching and learning area. They had no ownership of modules that they taught because they were not primary lectures. They experienced racism and alienation from both Black and White academics that have long been at Unisa. White staff questioned their qualifications and, they received no orientation in the teaching of ODL modules. In the research area, challenges concerned the supervision of postgraduate students and article writing for publication. It also arose that they received less support from senior colleagues and from their supervisors in their personal studies. There was general complaint about the 2010 Unisa mentoirship programme but there was commendation of the recent CEDU mentorship programme. The participants felt that Unisa should introduce academic support programmes that would cater for staff over the age of 50 because the current programmes only cater for those below 50 years of age. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Comparative Education)

En partant d’une description des nombreux changements de la pratique médicale depuis quelques décennies, la thèse étudie divers aspects constitutifs du malaise du médecin. L’accroissement de la puissance médicale qu’a permis la technoscience est analysée et remise dans un contexte plus large où les technologies de l’information ont une grande place. L’augmentation considérable des connaissances pose un problème de maîtrise de la science médicale. La multiplicité des observations fait qu’il y a discordance de certaines d’entre elles avec les théories médicales largement acceptées. De cette manière, le gain d’efficacité est associé à une perte de la cohérence du discours médical. Le rôle du médecin disparaît derrière la technique, qui semble pouvoir, seule, rendre tous les progrès accessibles. Le médecin devient alors un simple distributeur de services et, à ce titre, développe parfois des offres de pratiques sans fondement, voire dangereuses.<p>Le pouvoir du médecin est évoqué, et se ramène in fine à la fourniture d’un diagnostic et d’une explication de sa maladie au patient. Le rôle des explications particulières que donne le médecin au malade est exploré à la lumière d’une conception narrative et évolutive de la vie humaine. Le rôle du médecin apparaît alors comme d’aider le patient à réécrire a posteriori le fil d’une histoire qui apparaît initialement comme interrompue par la maladie.<p>Le rôle social de maintien de l’ordre de la pratique médicale est alors évoqué. Ensuite, par une approche descriptive du phénomène religieux, on montre que la médecine du XXIe siècle a les caractéristiques d’un tel phénomène. Entités extrahumaines, mythes, rites, tabous, prétention à bâtir une morale, accompagnement de la vie et de la mort, miracles, promesse de salut, temples, officiants sont identifiés dans la médecine « classique » contemporaine. Seule la fonction de divination de l’avenir d’un homme précis est devenue brumeuse, la technoscience permettant régulièrement du « tout ou rien » là où auparavant un pronostic précis (et souvent défavorable) pouvait être affirmé.<p> L’hypothèse que la médecine est devenue une religion du XXIe siècle est confrontée à des textes de S. Freud, M. Gauchet et P. Boyer. Non seulement ces textes n’invalident pas l’hypothèse, mais la renforcent même. Il apparaît que le fonctionnement de l’esprit humain favorise l’éclosion de religions et donc la prise de voile de la médecine. La dynamique générale de la démocratisation de la société montre que la médecine est une forme de religion non seulement compatible avec une société démocratique, mais est peut-être une des formes accomplies de celle-ci, où chaque individu écrit lui-même sa propre histoire.<p>Le danger qu’il y a, pour le patient comme pour le médecin, si ce dernier accepte de jouer un rôle de prêtre, est ensuite développé. Enfin, la remise dans le cadre plus général de l’existence humaine, l’évocation de la dimension de révolte de la médecine, de son essentielle incomplétude, l’acceptation d’une cohérence imparfaite permettent au médecin de retrouver des sources de joie afin de, peut-être, ne tomber ni dans un désinvestissement blasé, ni dans un cynisme blessant.<p><p>From a description of the many changes medical practice has undergone for a few decades, the work goes on to study many sides of the modern doctor’s malaise. The gain of power made possible by technoscience is put on a larger stage where information technologies play a major role. The abundance of knowledge makes health literacy more difficult. the great number of observations makes discrepancies with general theories more frequent. The gain in power is associated with a loss of coherence of the medical speech. The doctor’s role vanishes behind technology that seems to be the only access to all medical progresses. Doctors becomes mere service providers and go on to offer unvalidated or even harmful services on the market.<p>Modern medical power resumes into the explanations and diagnosis given to the patient. The role of medical explanations is explored through an evolutive and narrative vision of human life. The duty of the doctors then appears to allow a new narration of the self that bridges the gap disease introduced into the patient’s life.<p>The role of medicine in maintaining social order is mentioned. Through a sociological approach of the religious phenomenon, one can see that XXIst century medicine is such a phenomenon. Medicine knows of extrahuman entities, myths, rites, taboos, miracles, temples; priests are present in modern mainstream medicine. Some want to derive objective moral values from medicine, and it brings companionship to man from birth to death. The only departure from old religions was the weakened ability to predict the future of an individual patient: for some diseases for which survival was known to be very poor, the possibilities are now long-term survival with cure, or early death from the treatment. <p>The hypothesis that medicine is a religion is confronted to texts from Freud S. Gauchet M. and Boyer P. Not only do they not invalidate the hypothesis, but they bring enrichment to it. Brain/mind dynamics is such that the appearance of religions is frequent, and makes the transformation of medicine into a religion easier. Society’s democratisation confronted to religion’s history shows that medicine is the most compatible form of religion within a truly democratic society, where each individual writes his own story.<p>To become a priest brings some dangers for the patient, but also for the doctor. These dangers are discussed. This discussion is put into the larger context of human life. The revolt dimension of medicine is discussed, as is its never-ending task. Their acceptance, as that of a lack of total logical coherence can open the possibility for the doctor to enjoy his work, without being neither unfeeling nor cynical.<p> / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation bioéthique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished