Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Mémoire (M.Ed.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1997. / Bibliogr.: f. 79-86. Publié aussi en version électronique.

<p>This study has been about the representation of the Swedish tourism company Swanson’s. They do trips in US and every year they do a brochure with many pictures. The objective of my study is to look how pictures help to constructs places. Its often problem with pictures because sometimes they are constructs. In this way when people look at pictures they think the destination looks like the pictures. In the brochures I want to see what it is for pictures and through that see what kind of representation Swanson’s give of US. I have done both a quantitative and a qualitative research. For do a quantitative research I count all pictures in the both brochures and place them in 25 categories. To get a comprehensive picture of the result I interview a representing from Swanson’s. I analyzed some pictures too in the both brochures, together with the academic benchmarks. The conclusion of the study is that Swanson’s gives an American feeling from the pictures and a spirit from the Wild West. Many of the pictures are pictures of cowboys, native Indians and big, magnificent nature pictures. Other pictures are things that represent US, for example the Statue of Liberty. The tourist can be fooled, because they maybe think that US are like all the pictures in Swanson’s brochures. The authenticity is important for the representation in this way. The authenticity disappears sometimes, because we all know that Indians and cowboy don’t walk on the street today in US. Today we know through TV and internet that native Indians doesn’t exist in theirs genuine clothes and in this way we can accept Swanson’s pictures and dream away.</p>

Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται την τεκτονική ανάλυση δύο μεγασκοπικών επωθήσεων στην περιοχή της νότιας Εύβοιας. Αναλύονται τα εξελικτικά στάδια της παραμόρφωσης στην περιοχή μελέτης, τα μέσα που χρησιμοποιούνται για την κατανόηση των παραμορφωτικών φάσεων είναι εικόνες καθώς επίσης και μετρήσεις με γεωλογική πυξίδα οι οποίες προβλήθηκαν σε στερεογραφικά δίκτυα για εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων. Τονίζεται ότι τα παραπάνω παρουσιάζουν ορθή ερμηνεία πάντα σε συσχέτιση με υπαίθριες παρατηρήσεις. / The present work deals with the tectonic analysis of two megascopic structures in the region of southern Evia. Are analyzed the evolutionary stages of deformity in the region of study,the means that are used for the comprehension of the deforming phases are pictures as well as measurements with geological compass.

A subordem Oniscidea abriga os isópodos terrestres, os quais apresentam uma grande riqueza de espécies em diferentes ambientes com características completamente diversas, desde a zona litorânea até ambientes desérticos. No Brasil há uma diversidade de espécies ainda pouco estudada, sendo que a família Philosciidae representa uma grande parte da fauna de isópodos da América do Sul. O presente estudo tem como objetivos descrever uma nova espécie no gênero Benthana para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, descrever seus estágios de manca e juvenil, assim como caracterizar sua estrutura populacional com respeito aos aspectos reprodutivos e crescimento. Benthana cairensis foi descrita como uma nova espécie de Philosciidae e tem como caracteres diagnósticos a presença de 17 estetascos na antênula, exópodo do pleópodo 1 do macho alongado apresentando um lobo na margem lateral interna. Essa espécie é semelhante a três outras do gênero em relação a presença do lobo, no entanto diferencia-se de todas elas devido às diferenças no número de omatídeos, inserção dos ramos do urópodo e dimorfismo sexual nos pereiópodos dos machos. A fase imatura e indiferenciada sexualmente apresenta três estágios, chamados de mancas. O estágio de Manca I é caracterizado pela simplicidade de suas estruturas e pela sua rápida duração, de aproximadamente 4 horas; apresenta 6 pares de pereiópodos, esses ainda glabros e o aparelho bucal fracamente desenvolvido ainda sem a presença dos dentes pectinados na maxilula, característicos de Benthana. O estágio seguinte, de Manca II, já apresenta o aparelho bucal mais desenvolvido com os dentes pectinados da maxilula e pereiópodos já com o padrão de setas semelhante ao adulto, inclusive a seta “hand-like” do carpo 1, uma autapomorfia do gênero. O último estágio de manca (Manca III) caracteriza-se pela presença do sétimo par de pereiópodos presente dobrado ventralmente sob o corpo do animal. Os estágios de juvenis caracterizam-se pela diferenciação sexual, mas ainda são imaturos sexualmente. Os três primeiros estágios foram descritos para os machos com destaque para o desenvolvimento da protusão do exópodo do pleópodo 1, outra autapomorfia do gênero, o qual só começa a ficar evidente no segundo estágio (JUII) e somente apresenta-se completamente desenvolvido quando o animal atinge aproximadamente 1.0 mm de largura de cefalotórax (LC). O dimorfismo sexual presente nos quatro primeiros pares de pereiópodos dos machos começa a aparecer após os três primeiros estágios de juvenil e está completamente evidente em machos de aproximadamente 1.2 mm de LC. A população de Benthana cairensis do Sítio Cairé caracteriza-se por apresentar uma reprodução contínua durante o ano. As fêmeas investem menos em uma única prole, no entanto são capazes de se reproduzir mais de uma vez ao longo de sua vida. A proporção sexual operacional da população é de 1:1, mostrando que há um equilíbrio no que se refere ao número de machos e fêmeas aptos para reprodução. Os machos vivem menos que as fêmeas e são menores. As fêmeas possuem o corpo maior, o que aumenta a superfície para abrigar a prole o que foi demonstrado pela correlação positiva do tamanho da fêmea com o número de ovos. As características de desenvolvimento de B. cairensis são semelhantes a outras espécies de Philosciidae, apresentando três estágios de mancas. Suas características populacionais, no que se referem a estação reprodutiva e investimento reprodutivo, são semelhantes a outras espécies subtropicais e, como esperado, diferentes de espécies de isópodos que vivem em regiões temperadas. / Terrestrial isopods are included in the suborder Oniscidea which shows a great species richness living at different places showing diverse environmental conditions, occurring from the littoral zone through desert regions. In Brazil there is a diversity that is still poorly studied in which the family Philosciidae represents a great part of South America’s woodlice fauna. The present study aims to describe a new species of the genus Benthana to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to describe its manca and juvenile stages as well as to characterize its population structure concerning reproductive aspects and growth. Benthana cairensis was described as a new species of Philosciidae and presents the following diagnostic characters: 17 aesthetascs on the antennula and male pleopod 1 exopod elongated with a lobe on the inner lateral margin. This species resembles other three species of the genus concerning the presence of pleopod lobe; however it is differentiated by the number of omatidia, insertion of uropod endopod and exopod and sexual dimorphism on male’s pereiopods. The immature and undifferentiated phase has three stages, called mancas. The Manca I is marked by the simplicity of its appendages and by its queek duration, of about 4 hours; it presents 6 pairs of pereiopods still glabrous and mouth parts weekly developed still without the presence of the pectinate teeth of maxillula, characteristic of Benthana. The next stage, Manca II, already shows the mouth parts a little more complete, presenting the pectinate teeth of maxillula and the pereiopods showing the setae pattern of the adult, including the hand-like seta on carpus 1, an autapomorphy of the genus. The last manca stage (Manca III) is characterized by the presence of the 7th pair of pereiopods folded ventrally on the pereion. The juvenile stages are sexually differentiated, but still immature. The first three stages were described for males, enphatizing the development of dentiform protusion of pleopod exopod 1, another autapomorphy of the genus which begins to be evident only at the second stage (JUII) and it is completely formed when the animal reaches 1.0 mm of cephalothorax width (CW). Sexual dimorphism at the first four male pereiopods beggins to develop after the three juvenile stages and it is completely formed on males of approximatly 1.2 mm of CW. The population of Benthana cairensis at Sítio Cairé is characterized by showing a continnuous reproduction during the year. Females invest less in a single brood, but are able to reproduce more than once in its lifetime. The operational sex ratio of population is 1:1, which shows that there is an equillibrium concerning the number of males and females that are able to reproduce. Males live less than females and are smaller. Females have a bigger body which increases the surface where the brood develops; this was demonstrated by the positive correlation of female body size with the offspring number. The developmental characteristics of B. cairensis are similar to those of the other species of Philosciidae presenting three manca stages. Its population features concerning reproductive season and reproductive effort resembles those of other subtropical species and as expected, is different from species that occur at temperate regions.

The assessment of change in river systems requires reference conditions. However, most large navigable waterways in the United States and elsewhere around the world have a wealth of archival data because of past engineering projects and flood control efforts. For example, in the United States, large quantities of archival data are available for the Mississippi River System which can be used to assess historical baseline conditions and change. Maps, charts, surveys, structure-history databases, and other quantitative measurements stretch back 100 to as much as ~200 years. The purpose of his dissertation was to develop a robust methodology from which to use these archival data to establish historic reference conditions in order to quantify and assess the causes of change in flood levels. Since the early 19th century, the Middle and Lower Mississippi River (MMR and LMR) have been intensively modified for flood protection and commercial navigation. In order to quantify the effects of levee expansion, channel modification, and land-cover change upon flood stages, a 1-D unsteady flow model was developed for multiple historical reference conditions ("retro-models") for three large study reaches (225-315 km each): one along the MMR and two reaches along the LMR. For each reference condition, four 1-D unsteady-flow models were developed. These models include a calibrated model of actual conditions and three "scenario" models: 1) a model with levees of the next time step, 2) a model with the channel geometry of the next time step, and 3) a model with floodplain roughness (i.e., land cover) of the next time step. Comparison of the model for actual conditions and the scenario models provide a quantitative assessment of levee expansion, channel modification, and land-cover change on stage. Comparison of the modeling results for this investigation showed significant changes in stage for equal discharges between each of the modeled time steps. Changes in stage for the three modeled reaches ranged from -3.1 to 4.4 m. The largest changes in flood stage were found along the MMR. The largest decreases in flood levels were found along the LMR between Obion and Memphis, TN. These results confirm previous hydrologic analyses, but show stage-changes as continuous longitudinal profile and not just at gaging stations. Scenario modeling suggests that the majority (38 to 70%) of the changes in flood stage on the LMR and MMR study reaches can be attributed to changes in channel geometry and hydraulic roughness. Levees were the next largest contributor to changes in flood stage. For time steps with significant levee expansion, these structures increase stage up to 1.0 m. Observed changes in floodplain land cover were associated with little (or none) of the increase in flood stage. These result show changes in channel geometry and roughness related to river engineering tools employed for the facilitation of navigation and flood conveyance are the principal drivers of historic changes in flood stages along the LMR and MMR. The results from the 1-D scenario model assessment suggest wing dikes may broadly affect flow conveyance in two ways: (1) through direct interaction with flow and (2) indirectly by their effects on channel geometry and roughness. Direct effects of wing dikes on flood stage were assessed by constructing two 2-D hydrodynamic models: (1) a calibrated model of actual conditions (i.e., with wing dikes) and (2) a scenario model without wing dikes, for a heavily modified reach of the MMR. Comparison of the model of actual conditions and model without wing dikes revealed that direct effects of wing dikes increase stage, modestly by only 0.1 to 0.5 m, depending on discharge and location. Wing dikes also were shown to increase and decrease channel velocities. Local increases in flow velocities of up to 0.4 m/s were found along portions of the main channel. Decreases in flow velocity by as much as -2.0 m/s were found along the edge of the channel within the wing dike fields. The direct effects of wing dikes on flow conveyance also were observed to decrease with an increase in flow, a result that runs contrary to the total cumulative effects of wing dikes observed empirically. These results suggest that the indirect effects are the likely cause of the historic decreased in flood flow conveyance and large-scale increases in flood stages along portions of the MMR.

Florestas pluviais tropicais, entre elas a Floresta Atlântica, são formações de elevada diversidade e riqueza o que as torna muito complexas. Elucidar os mecanismos que mantêm esta diversidade constitui o foco das abordagens ecológicas atuais. O objetivo do presente estudo, além de contribuir para o melhor conhecimento florístico-estrutural da Floresta Atlântica, foi o de avaliar as relações entre espécies e o ambiente, a partir da heterogeneidade florística em respostas a gradientes ambientais. O estudo foi conduzido em três formações florestais no sul Catarinense, compreendendo um fragmento de floresta brejosa, e dois de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, uma submontana e outra montana. Foram amostrados indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos, com altura a partir de 0,20 m. Classes de tamanho foram estabelecidas, consistindo em (1) indivíduos iguais ou maiores a 0,20 m e menores que 1m; (2) maiores que 1 m e menores que 5 cm de DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito); e (3) iguais ou maiores a 5 cm de DAP. A análise de correspondência canônica aplicada à classe 3 mostrou a segregação das comunidades a partir de gradientes indiretos (altitude e topografia), ocasionando variação na disponibilidade de recursos (gradientes diretos) locais. A análise de nichos aplicada às três classes de tamanho demonstrou especialização de nichos por parte das espécies, conforme demonstrado pelo índice médio de marginalidade (OMI). As relações do ambiente com as fases ontogenéticas demonstraram que as espécies tendem a conservar seus nichos e que esta conservação é mais evidenciada no ambiente de sub-bosque, onde as espécies tendem a coexistir com sobreposição de nichos. / Tropical rain forests, including the Atlantic Forest, are made up of high diversity and richness which makes them very complex. Elucidating the mechanisms that maintain this diversity is the focus of current ecological approaches. The aim of this study also contributes to a better understanding of the floristic-structural Atlantic Forest, was to assess the relationships between species and the environment from the floristic heterogeneity in responses to environmental gradients. The study was conducted in three forests in southern Santa Catarina, including a remnant lowland peat forest and submontane rain forest and montane rain forest.We sampled tree species, height from 0.20 m. Size classes were established, consisting of (1) individuals equal to or greater than 0.20 m less than 1m, (2) greater than 1 m in less than 5 cm DBH (diameter at breast height), and (3) equal or larger than 5 cm DBH. A canonical correspondence analysis applied to the class 3 showed the segregation of communities from indirect gradients (altitude and topography), causing variation in the availability of resources (direct gradients) locations. The analysis of niche applied to three size classes demonstrated expertise in niches by species, as demonstrated by the average index of marginality (IMO). Relations on the environment and ontogenetic stages showed that the species tend to retain their niche and that conservation is more evident in the environment of the understory, where species tend to coexist with overlapping niches.

A exposição da comunidade escolar às novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação tem impacto positivo na apropriação tecnológica. Nosso objetivo é analisar o uso dos laboratórios de informática em três escolas públicas de Diamantina. Utilizamos como parâmetros os estágios evolutivos do Projeto ACOT (Apple Classroom of Tomorrow - Salas de Aula do Futuro da Apple). O referencial teórico trabalha a partir de cinco estágios evolutivos: (1) exposição; (2) adoção; (3) adaptação; (4) apropriação e; (5) inovação. Estas categorias derivam de registros de observação nos 10 anos de duração do projeto da Apple. Cada estágio expõe comportamentos e atitudes que gradativamente incorporam as novas tecnologias. A fonte dos dados está (a) nas entrevistas com professores, alunos, diretores de escola, mães e (b) nos registros de observações em campo realizadas no período de 2004 e 2005. O procedimento analítico busca as unidades significativas do discurso. Os estágios do projeto ACOT podem ser usados como parâmetros para mostrar a apropriação tecnológica nas escolas. Nas três escolas analisadas percebe-se que há uma apropriação significativa do uso das novas tecnologias em sala de aula, propiciando mudanças no ambiente escolar e mudança de postura na relação professor-aluno. Este trabalho foi produzido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (FACED/UFRGS), insere-se na linha de pesquisa Informática na Educação e vincula-se ao Núcleo de Educação Digital. / The exposure of school communities to new information and communication technologies has positive impact on technological appropriation. Our objective was to analyze the use of computer laboratories in three public schools in Diamantina. We have used the evolutive stages of the ACOT Project (Apple Classroom of Tomorrow) as parameters. The theoretical reference works from five evolutive stages: (1) exposure; (2) adoption; (3) adaptation; (4) appropriation and (5) innovation. These categories have derived from observations recorded during the 10-year period of the Apple Project. Each stage shows behaviors and attitudes which have gradually incorporated the new technologies. The source of data consists of (a) interviews with teachers, students, principals and mothers, and (b) field observations recorded between 2004 and 2005. The analytical procedure has searcherd for meaningful units of discourse. The stages of the ACOT Project may be used as parameters to show the technological appropriation in schools. In the three schools analyzed, there has been a significant appropriation of the use of new technologies in the classroom, thus allowing for innovation in the school environment and change of position in the teacher-student relashionship. This work has been carried out in Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (FACED/UFRGS) as part of the research area related to the use of computers in education and is associated with the Núcleo de Educação Digital.