Detta examensarbete skrivs på uppdrag av länsstyrelsen i Västmanland, som vill ha en ekologisk statusbedömning av Stäholmsbäcken. En ekologisk statusbedömning enligt EU:s vattendirektiv utförs i tre delar, biologiska, kemiska och hydromorfologiska kvalitetsfaktorer. Den biologiska delen bestod i att på en provplats ta fem prover på bottenfaunan med hjälp av handhåvsmetoden. Djuren artbestämdes och därefter gjordes indexberäkningarna ASPT, DJ-index och MISA. De biologiska kvalitetsfaktorerna fick ett otillfredsställande resultat. DJ-indexets resultat var sämst och fick därmed styra, one out – all out. Normalt går man inte vidare till nästa steg, som är de kemiska kvalitetsfaktorer, utan ser på vilka förbättringsåtgärder som ska genomföras. I detta examensarbete undersöktes även de båda andra kvalitetsfaktorerna. Den kemiska delen bestod av bestämning av näringsämnen i vattendraget och den hydromorfologiska delen bestod av bland annat identifiering av vandringshinder, vägövergångar, diken, markanvändningen i närmiljön och i delavrinningsområdet. De kemiska och de hydromorfologiska testerna styrkte resultatet i och med att det också blev otillfredsställande. Förklaringen till detta är att både närmiljön och avrinningsområdet är starkt påverkat av jordbruket. För att förbättra Stäholmsbäckens status bör skyddszoner och/eller en våtmark anläggas.

No description available.

Problembeskrivning: Det finns närmare 500 förlag i Sverige, ca 70 av dessa är anslutna till Svenska Förläggarföreningen som uppger att det ges ut ca 1000 nya skönlitterära titlar i Sverige under ett år. Enligt Nationalbiografin utges ca 2300 titlar under ett år. Endast en bråkdel av all skönlitteratur som ges ut får publicitet i dagstidningar. Varken titlar, författare eller förlag. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka om det går att urskilja om det finns kriterier och mönster för vilka författare och verk som får uppmärksamhet i pressen.Metod: Kvalitativ forskningsintervjuSlutsats: Vissa författare och förlag har en högre status hos kulturredaktionerna. Man kan tala om att de har kvalificerat sig för att höra till dem som blir omnämnda på kultursidorna. Vissa författare kommer aldrig på tal för recension, och vissa som varit kvalificerade kan "diskvalificeras" i ett senare skede. En författare kan bli omskriven som nyhet, och det finns ändå en möjlighet för en författare eller ett verk som inte hör till de kvalificerade, om ett verk visar sig höra hemma inom ett tema som redaktionen uppfattar som en trend.

none

After 1949 the Chinese Communist Party takes power of People¡¦s Republic of China, Mao Ze Dong had said ¡G¡§Women can hold the half sky¡¨ and since then the gender relationship had changed. Under many movements, women of China move toward society and participate in work. The government promotes sexual equality and appeal women to participate in movements. To understand women of China in political status, this study takes the historical viewpoint and other aspects to judge women of China including laws, parties, basic levels, legislative assemblies, policy-making bodies, political consciousness, and international statistical data. Finally the study compares the women of cross-straits in order to judge women of China in political status. Actually China doesn¡¦t regard Women's Liberation as its top priority, but it helps to promote women in social status by economic reform, laws, advocating the sexual equality and so on. The political status of women has changed by the women's liberation movement which is acted form down to top. In China, women¡¦s political status is related to the state policies closely which means when the Party needed women to pursue social economics transformation, it emphasized role of woman in official and encouraged women to become the leading cadres. Therefore, it promotes women representative proportions in politics. But when the political needs decline or economic structure faces to be adjusted, the Party brings pressure to make women movements decline.

Since 1949 Taiwan and China have been governed by different political regimes. Nevertheless, after more than fifty years, research shows that women in both societies now enjoy significantly higher social status and have lower fertility rates. Despite well-documented literature on the relationship between fertility and women??s status in Taiwan and China, no systematic empirical research has compared the two. This dissertation was designed to investigate the effects of women??s status on fertility and sterilization behaviors in China and Taiwan by means of multi-level analysis focusing on women??s education levels and employment status as predictors at both the individual and aggregate levels. To examine the influence of enforced policy, in China??s models, variables were added about whether the participants had a government-issued one-child certificate or had complied with the childbirth quota set by local authorities. Most results are consistent with our hypotheses. At the macro level, female college graduation rate is significant in Taiwan but not in China. One-child certificate rate is significantly correlated with provincial-level number of Child Ever Born (CEB). At the micro level of Poisson and logistic models, women with status are significantly more likely to have smaller numbers of CEB and lower sterilization usage. Survival analysis that simultaneously analyzed time duration and event occurrence showed dynamic effects of women??s status on the probability of a first, second and third childbirth. The Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models (HGLM) method shows both some direct and some interactive effects of contextual variables on fertility and contraceptive behaviors. In both countries, wives?? educational levels showed the greatest numbers of significant correlations with the dependent variables. Both Western socioeconomically based demographic transition theory and Asian planned demographic transition theory in China receive empirical support in the findings. Methodological and policy implications for future studies are discussed. The findings of this dissertation, particularly the micro-macro linkages, contribute to an explanation of how higher women??s status and lower fertility rates across the two regimes emerged from both common and disparate processes. This dissertation also illustrates how multi-level investigations of fertility and women??s status could be implemented in other parts of the world.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-307). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of physical inactivity among early adolescents and determine if they varied across weight status, gender, and ethnic groups. A population-based sample of 3,636 7th grade students (The CATCH Cohort) participated in an epidemiological study of nutrition, physical activity, and cardiovascular health in 96 schools located in California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas. The weight category distribution of the sample was as follows: 2.1% underweight (BMI < 5th %), 66.5% normal weight (5th [less than or equal to] BMI<85th %), 16.9% at-risk (85th [less than or equal to] BMI<95th %), and 14.5% overweight (BMI[greater than or equal to]95th %). Physical inactivity was a stronger predictor of weight status category than physical activity for the entire sample (excluding underweight students). The model for physical inactivity, based on sedentary minutes, showed positive and negative support having a direct effect upon sedentary minutes, (p<.001). For adolescents with BMI[greater than or equal to]85th %, however, the model for physical inactivity showed only positive support having a direct effect on sedentary minutes (p<0.05). Females with BMI[greater than or equal to]85th % showed positive and negative support having a direct effect (p<.05), and males with BMI[greater than or equal to]85th % showed negative support having a direct effect (p<.01). White adolescents showed positive and negative support having a direct effect (p<.05), and for Hispanic adolescents, positive support had a direct effect (p<.001). This paper concludes that because physical inactivity appears to be a strong predictor of weight status in adolescent populations, interventions should target physical inactivity by influencing self-efficacy and positive and negative support. Furthermore, better measures of physical inactivity beyond TV/video game usage should be developed, and psychosocial variables that are more strongly associated with sedentary behavior than participation in physical activity should be investigated. / text

Not available / text