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A theory is developed for the analysis of composite systems consisting of steel wide flange sections reinforced with GFRP plates connected to one of the flanges through a layer of adhesive. The theory is based on an extension of the Gjelsvik theory and thus incorporates local and global warping effects but omits shear deformation effects. The theory captures the longitudinal transverse response through a system of three coupled differential equations of equilibrium and the lateral-torsional response through another system of three coupled differential equations. Closed form solutions are developed and a super-convergent finite element is formulated based under the new theory. A comparison to 3D FEA results based on established solid elements in Abaqus demonstrates the validity of the theory when predicting the longitudinal-transverse response, but showcases its shortcomings in predicting the torsional response of the composite system. The comparison sheds valuable insight on means of improving the theory. A more advanced theory is subsequently developed based on enriched kinematics which incorporates shear deformation effects. The shear deformable theory captures the longitudinal-transverse response through a system of four coupled differential equations of equilibrium and the lateral-torsional response through another system of six coupled differential equations. A finite difference approximation is developed for the new theory and a new finite element formulation is subsequently to solve the new system of equations. A comparison to 3D FEA illustrates the validity of the shear deformable theory in predicting the longitudinal-transverse response as well as the lateral-torsional response. Both theories are shown to be computationally efficient and reduce the modelling and running time from several hours per run to a few minutes or seconds while capturing the essential features of the response of the composite system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4344.pdf: 5594245 bytes, checksum: fab6be00771107162007269bd0d0a554 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / Even the metal bridges known for overcoming large spans, designed and implemented by large offices, this paper wishes to present concepts that can be applied in practical design of Steel-Concrete composite bridges of short and medium span, because those are the most common in national highways, and there is also a lack of professionals to design them into steel in Brazil. In the few studies dedicated to this subject, there is no specific normalization in steel bridges, and there is a lack of bridges on local roads throughout the country. The steel bridge or the Steel- Concrete composite bridges provides a construction that is both quick and of easy recovery. At first it discusses the main structural systems, features and behaviors of composite steel bridges and concrete. It also describes the analysis procedures to actions on bridges according to the U.S. standards (AASHTO:2002 & 2005), European (EC-1:1991) and Brazilian (NBR 7188:1984). It is also an objective of this study to understand the design philosophy of AASHTO:2002, regarding the definition of actions, analysis models, ensuring the joint behavior of steel beam and concrete deck, ultimate limit states and of service and resistance of the mixed system deck, verifying the possibilities / needs of adaptation to the national reality, standard frequently used by Brazilian designers. This study aims to enrich the national literature regarding to Steel-Concrete composite bridges and according to comparisons made to the design and scaling guide, set rules for a calculated script for these mixed systems, bridges, viewing adjustments for the development of those directed to Brazilian realities. / Mesmo as pontes metálicas tendo fama de vencer grandes vãos, projetadas e executadas por grandes escritórios de projetos, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar conceitos que possam ser aplicados na prática de projeto de pontes mistas de aço e concreto de pequenos e médios vãos, pois são as mais frequentes nas rodovias nacionais, e também há uma carência dos profissionais para projetá-las em aço, no Brasil. Além de poucos trabalhos voltados a este assunto, não existe normalização específica para pontes em aço, sendo que há carência de pontes em estradas vicinais em todo o país. A ponte em aço ou mista de aço e concreto possibilita uma construção rápida e de fácil recuperação. Inicialmente discute-se sobre os principais sistemas estruturais, características e comportamentos de pontes mistas de aço e concreto, descrevendo também os procedimentos de análise para ações móveis em pontes segundo as norma americana (AASHTO:2002 e 2005), européia (EC-1:1991) e brasileira (NBR 7188:1984). Também está entre os objetivos deste trabalho compreender a filosofia de projeto da AASHTO:2002 no que se refere à definição das ações, modelos de análise, garantia do comportamento conjunto viga de aço e tabuleiro de concreto, estados limites últimos e de serviço e resistência do sistema de tabuleiro misto, verificando as possibilidades/necessidades de adaptação para a realidade nacional, norma esta comumente utilizada pelos projetistas brasileiros. Espera-se com este trabalho, enriquecer a bibliografia nacional no que se refere às pontes mistas de aço e concreto e de acordo com as comparações realizadas ao projeto e dimensionamento traçar diretrizes para um roteiro de cálculo para estes sistemas de pontes mistas, visando às adaptações para o desenvolvimento destas voltadas às realidades brasileiras.

A theory is developed for the analysis of composite systems consisting of steel wide flange sections reinforced with GFRP plates connected to one of the flanges through a layer of adhesive. The theory is based on an extension of the Gjelsvik theory and thus incorporates local and global warping effects but omits shear deformation effects. The theory captures the longitudinal transverse response through a system of three coupled differential equations of equilibrium and the lateral-torsional response through another system of three coupled differential equations. Closed form solutions are developed and a super-convergent finite element is formulated based under the new theory. A comparison to 3D FEA results based on established solid elements in Abaqus demonstrates the validity of the theory when predicting the longitudinal-transverse response, but showcases its shortcomings in predicting the torsional response of the composite system. The comparison sheds valuable insight on means of improving the theory. A more advanced theory is subsequently developed based on enriched kinematics which incorporates shear deformation effects. The shear deformable theory captures the longitudinal-transverse response through a system of four coupled differential equations of equilibrium and the lateral-torsional response through another system of six coupled differential equations. A finite difference approximation is developed for the new theory and a new finite element formulation is subsequently to solve the new system of equations. A comparison to 3D FEA illustrates the validity of the shear deformable theory in predicting the longitudinal-transverse response as well as the lateral-torsional response. Both theories are shown to be computationally efficient and reduce the modelling and running time from several hours per run to a few minutes or seconds while capturing the essential features of the response of the composite system.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of the administrative building from steel S420, S355 and concrete C25 / 30 with reinforcement made of steel B500B. The office building is a column-type with reinforced concrete ceiling. The building is equipped with a footbridge on the 10th floor. Two variants have been elaborated. Both of them were calculated in the program Scia Engineer. The winning variant is processed in detail.

The results of a pilot series of tests, designed to investigate the influence of the presence of a composite floor slab on the performance of steel beam-to-column connections, are reported. Direct comparisons against equivalent bare steel tests show improvements in moment capacity (up to 15 times), with reinforcement anchorage being the main controlling factor. Thus joints to internal columns where the deck runs parallel to the beams and relatively small numbers of bars supplement the basic mesh reinforcement may be expected to give the best performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5306.pdf: 6510064 bytes, checksum: b7a3095b2eb1b62ba399cfe3a2684382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This report investigates the structural behavior, procedures for analysis and design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. Based upon the requirements outlined in ABNT NRB 8800:2008 for conventional composite beams and in the literature review, a systematic procedure was developed to design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams requested the positive bending moment. Was analyzed the main modes of global collapse, especially the ultimate limit state design (ELU), which may occur in this type of structure. Also, elaborated a parametric study aimed to analyze the influence of variation in the level of prestressing and the eccentricity of tendons, as well as the constructive methodology (pretensioning and posttensioning) adopted for the the prestressing steel profile that makes up the of steel-concrete composite beam. The parametric study showed that in both methods the predominant failure mode occurs in 2nd Stage of construction. In models of composite beams analyzed with application of pretensioned when the tendon is positioned above the bottom flange of the profile steel the failure mode occurred for the combined bending and axial compression .As for the composite beams evaluated with posttensioned, independent of the position of the tendon, the failure mode occurred in function of the bending moment more than the allowable flexural strength. However, it is noted that the level of prestressing can be adequately calculated to ensure that there is no loss of carrying capacity of the structure. It was also observed that regardless of the constructive methodology adopted, higher eccentricities result in higher bearing capacity for the steel beam, as exposed in the literature review. While in Brazil is largely unexplored, there was widespread interest in the international literature on the subject in question and their variances, giving rise to theoretical and experimental. Also been mentioned as potential applications in the design of new structures and the renovation and rehabilitation of existing structures. / O presente trabalho discorre sobre o comportamento estrutural, procedimentos de análise e dimensionamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas externamente. Embasado nas prescrições expostas na norma ABNT NRB 8800:2008 para vigas mistas convencionais e na revisão bibliográfica, um procedimento de cálculo foi desenvolvido para o dimensionamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas externamente e solicitadas a momento fletor positivo. Foram analisados os principais modos de colapso globais, com destaque nos estados limites de últimos (ELU), que podem ocorrer nesse tipo de estrutura. Além disso, elaborou-se um estudo paramétrico que teve como objetivo analisar a influência da variação do nível de protensão e da excentricidade dos cabos de protensão; bem como da metodologia construtiva (pré-tração e pós-tração) adotada para a protensão do perfil de aço que compõe a viga mista de aço e concreto. O estudo paramétrico demonstrou que em ambas as metodologias o modo de colapso predominante ocorre na 2ª Etapa de construção. Nos modelos de vigas mistas analisados com aplicação de pré-tração quando o cabo está posicionado acima da mesa inferior do perfil de aço o modo de falha ocorreu por flexo-compressão. Já para as vigas mistas avaliadas com pós-tração, independe da posição do cabo, ocorre em função do momento fletor solicitante superar o momento fletor resistente da seção. No entanto, observa-se que o nível de protensão pode ser adequadamente dimensionado de maneira que não provoque a perda da capacidade de suporte da estrutura. Observou-se ainda que independente da metodologia construtiva adotada, maiores excentricidades resultam em maior capacidade resistente para a viga de aço, corroborando os estudos expostos na revisão bibliográfica. Embora no Brasil seja pouco explorado, observou-se um amplo interesse na literatura internacional sobre o tema em questão e suas variâncias, dando origem a pesquisas teóricas e experimentais. Também se aponta como potencialidades de aplicação em projetos de novas estruturas bem como na recuperação e reabilitação de estruturas existentes.

The diploma thesis deals with project documentation for the realization of the sports centre in Zlín. Object is located on the edge of the city Zlín in build-up area of the sports halls. Object is defined from two sides by major roads, that are connected with family and residential buildings. Building site of the object is sligtly sloping, however with ground adapting adjusts into seeming flat land. The hall is devided on three operation parts. First and dominant unit is formed by gaming area with grandstrand, corresponding facilities included. Second unit is formed by mountaineering wall, corresponding included. Third unit is formed by bar, corresponding facilities included. Object is drafted with consideration of the Baťas architecture. Object is designed like a skeleton construction with combinated system of frames. Main supporting vertical construction of skeleton is designed from reinforced prefabricated concrete column. Main supporting horizontal construction of skeleton is designed like a system solution slimfloor, that is based on placing prestressed segment onto bottom side of a special beam Deltabeam. Within the main supporting construction is designed stifenner and construction of grandstrand as well, maid from reinforced prefabricard concrete. Sheathing of the object is combinated. From the second floor is designed system from thermal insulated sandwich panels, which is anchored into the pre-set steel construction. Roof is designed as a flat roof with trapezoidal metal sheet with thermal insulation and waterproofing layer made from m-PVC. Fillings of the object including light curtain wall is designed from system Schüco.

The diploma thesis deals with superstructure of apartment building in brno, which is located in a row house construction. The goal of the diploma thesis is to design new supporting structures and minimize the load from these construction because of low reservs in the load capacity of the existing supporting walls. the thesis contains a technical report, analysis of statics, drawing documentation and visualization. The internal forces were executed by software scia engineer.

CE-märkta stålbalkar byggdes in i två konstruktioner innan det upptäcktes att det fanns porer i hattbalkarnas svets. Den defekta svetsen innebar att byggnadernas bärförmåga inte kunde garanteras. Kunskapen kring inbyggt stål stommaterial med defekt svets är liten. Det är dessutom svårt att reparera och undersöka stålbalkarnas svets när de är inbyggda i konstruktionen. Syftet med examensarbetet är att hitta förstärkningsmetoder och därmed främja kortare hanteringstid vid händelse av att defekta stålbalkar byggs in i en konstruktion. Metoden består av litteraturstudie och intervjuer. Först granskas litteratur för att förstå problematiken med defekt svets i stål stommaterial. Därefter utförs intervjuer med personer erfarna inom stål och byggteknik. Examensarbetets resultat är ett flertal förstärkningsmetoder för inbyggda stålbalkar med defekt svets. Några av förstärkningsmetoderna är möjliga att utföra med den kunskap som finns idag medan andra behöver undersökas och värderas innan de kan implementeras. Förstärkningsmetoderna som är möjliga att utföra med dagens kunskap är: att svetsa om balken från insidan eller att placera en balk/fackverksbalk under den befintliga balken. De metoder som behöver undersökas och värderas vidare är: skruvförband genom balken, efterspänna balken med vajrar eller GWS-stag och sedan fylla den med betong, föra in en balk inne i balken och fylla balken med betong och att kolfiberförstärka svetsen. Slutsatsen är att den här studien kan ligga till grund för framtagning av åtgärder för inbyggda stålbalkar med defekt svets med mål att uppnå den dimensionerade hållfastheten och en lösning som är tidseffektiv, kostnadseffektiv och har låg klimatpåverkan. / Before the discovery of pores in the weld, CE-certified steel beams were embedded in two constructions. Since the weld was defective, the carrying capacity of the two buildings was questioned. There is a lack of knowledge about embedded steel beams with a damaged weld. It is difficult to repair and analyze the weld when the beams are embedded in the construction. The aim of the study is to find reinforcement methods for steel beams. The expectation is to shorten time in the production in case that defective steel beams are detected in the construction. The method consists of a literature study complemented by interviews. Literature is examined to understand the problem of defective welding in the steel framework. Subsequently, interviews are conducted with professionals within steel and building technology. The result of the report is multiple reinforcement methods for embedded steel beams with a defective weld. Some of the methods are possible to implement with the knowledge available today. Other methods need to be examined and assessed before executed. The reinforcement methods that are possible to perform are: weld the beam from the inside or place a beam underneath the existing beam. The methods that need further analysis are: drill a screw joint through the beam, strain the beam with steel-wires and fill the inside with concrete, place a beam inside the existing beam and fill the inside with concrete and last to reinforce the weld with carbon fibers. The conclusion is that this study can be used when reinforcement methods are needed for embedded steel beams with a defective weld. The objective with these methods is to restore the load-bearing capacity as well as finding a solution that is time efficient, economic and has low climatic influence.