by Li Chun-Kit Patrick. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [87-90]). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / LITERATURE REVIEW - DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CARD --- p.4 / Terminology --- p.4 / General Application of Smart Card --- p.6 / DESCRIPTION OF MONDEX --- p.14 / History of Mondex --- p.14 / Description of Mondex and Its Accessories --- p.16 / Advantages of Mondex --- p.20 / Disadvantages of Mondex --- p.22 / COMPETITOR ANALYSIS --- p.24 / Maestro --- p.25 / Credit Card --- p.27 / Electronic Payment System (EPS) --- p.29 / RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.35 / Research Objective --- p.35 / Research Design and Method --- p.36 / RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.39 / Data analysis on the Whole Sample Basis --- p.39 / Data Analysis by Type of Adopter --- p.50 / RECOMMENDATION --- p.58 / Characteristics of Potential Adopters --- p.58 / Product --- p.59 / Promotion --- p.63 / LIMITATION --- p.70 / APPENDIX 1: DIAGRAMS / APPENDIX 2: CHINESE QUESTIONNAIRE / APPENDIX 3: ENGLISH QUESTIONNAIRE / APPENDIX 4: FIGURES / APPENDIX 5: TABLES / BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Tse Kwong Keung. / Pages 52-56 and 74 in clear holder. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 99). / Questionnaries in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF EXHIBITS --- p.ix / PREFACE --- p.x / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Title of the Project --- p.1 / Terms of Reference --- p.1 / Objective --- p.2 / Chapter II. --- BACKGROUND --- p.4 / Overview of the Octopus System --- p.4 / Overview of the Octopus System Bus Equipment --- p.6 / Fare collection system on LRT Feeder and Auxiliary Bus Routes --- p.9 / Pre-Octopus Fare Collection System --- p.9 / New Fare Collection System with the Introduction of Octopus System --- p.10 / Implementation Measures --- p.11 / Implementation Measures to Prepare Passengers to Use Octopus System on Buses --- p.11 / Implementation measures - CSL --- p.11 / Implementation measures - LRT --- p.13 / Implementation Measures to Prepare Staff to Launch Octopus System on Buses --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.16 / Sources of Information --- p.16 / The Questionnaire Surveys --- p.17 / Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Passengers --- p.17 / Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Traffic Staff --- p.18 / Data Analysis Tools --- p.19 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS --- p.20 / Literature Review --- p.20 / The Systems Development Cycle --- p.20 / The Systems Development Cycle of Octopus System in LRT Buses --- p.24 / Systems Implementation Measures Getting People Ready to Use the New System --- p.25 / Measures of gaining acceptance by passengers and staff --- p.26 / Measures of obtaining passengers and staff performance --- p.29 / Education and training --- p.30 / Performance aids --- p.32 / Findings from Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Passengers --- p.33 / Demographic Profile --- p.33 / Effectiveness of Promotion Channels on Octopus Card to Passengers --- p.33 / Number of Trips on LRT Buses Per Week by Respondents --- p.34 / Fare Paying Methods of Respondents --- p.34 / Competence of Respondents in Using Octopus Card on Buses --- p.35 / Most Effective Methods to Educate Passengers on Octopus Card Usage --- p.36 / Findings from Questionnaire Survey for LRT Bus Traffic Staff --- p.36 / Demographic Profile --- p.36 / Personal Computer Experience Prior to Octopus Bus Equipment Training --- p.37 / Evaluation of DDU Operations Training Course --- p.37 / Staff Perceived Level of Competence to Operate the DDU During Octopus System Launching --- p.38 / Measures Proposed by Staff to Enhance Competence to Operate the DDU --- p.39 / Evaluation of BDC Operations Training Course --- p.39 / Staff Perceived Level of Competence to Operate the BDC During Octopus System Launching --- p.40 / Measures Proposed by Staff to Enhance Competence to Operate the BDC --- p.41 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.42 / Strengths of Implementation Measures on Passengers --- p.42 / Weaknesses of Implementation Measures on Passengers --- p.43 / Recommendations of Implementation Measures on Customers --- p.44 / Strengths of Implementation Measures on Staff --- p.46 / Weaknesses of Implementation Measures on Staff --- p.47 / Recommendations of Implementation Measures on Staff --- p.48 / APPENDICES 1-11 --- p.50 / TABLES 1-18 --- p.75 / EXHIBITS 1-6 --- p.93 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.99

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Subramanyam Bhadriraju / Ludek Zurek / Feed samples and live stored-product insects from feed mills and swine farms were collected and cultured for Enterococcus spp. The mean concentration of enterococci in insect and feed were 2.7 ± 0.5 × 101 cfu/insect and 6.3 ± 0.7 × 103 cfu/g respectively. A total of 362 isolates of enterococci collected from 89 feed samples and 228 stored-product insects were identified to the species level using PCR. These isolates were represented by Enterococcus casseliflavus (53.0%), E. gallinarum (20.4%), E. faecium (16.2%), E. hirae (5.2%), and E. faecalis (5.0%). Enterococci were phenotypically resistant to tetracycline (48.0%), erythromycin (14.3%), streptomycin (16.8%), kanamycin (12.1%), ciprofloxacin (11.0%), ampicillin (3.3%), and chloramphenicol (1.1%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. Tetracycline resistance was encoded by tetM (50.0%), tetO (15.1%), tetK (0.5%), tetS (0.2%) and other unknown tetracycline determinants. Enterococci carried virulence genes including gelatinase (gelE; 21.5%), an enterococcus surface protein (esp; 1.9%), and cytolysin (cylA; 2.2%). An aggregation substance (asa1) gene was detected in 61.0% of E. faecalis isolates. Fifty perncet of E. faecalis isolates were phenotipically tested positive for aggregation substances. Enterococci with cylA genes were hemolytic (52.0%) and with gelE genes were gelatinolytic (18.5%). The ermB gene, encoding erythromycin resistance was detected in 8.8% of the total isolates. The Tn916/1545 family of conjugative transposons was detected in 10.7% of the isolates. Laboratory experiments showed that adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), fed on poultry and cattle feeds inoculated with E. faecalis OG1RF:pCF10, were able to successfully acquire enterococci and contaminate sterile poultry and cattle feeds. To assess the potential of horizontal gene transfer, conjugation assays were carried out with E. faecalis using a donor (wild strains) and recipient (E. faecalis OG1SSP) in ratio of 1:10. Only one isolate (1 out of 18 E. faecalis) could transfer tetM to a recipient using broth mating. However, filter mating assay, followed by PCR confirmation revealed that 89.0% (16 out of 18 E. faecalis) of isolates could transfer tetM to E. faecalis. Transfer ratios of transconjugant per recipients ranged from 2.6 × 10-4 to 1 × 10-9. In summary, feed (52.0%) and stored-product insects (41.6%) collected from feed mills and swine farms carried antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci. Our study showed that T. castaneum, a pest commonly associated with feed, served as a potential vector for enterococci in the feed environment. Conjugation assays followed by PCR confirmed presence of the tetM gene on a mobile genetic element(s) such as Tn916 and may be horizontally transferred to other Enterococcus species and to other bacteria of clinical significance.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Entomology / James F. Campbell / Thomas W. Phillips / Movement is a fundamental feature of animals that impacts processes across multiple scales in space and time. Due to the heterogeneous and fragmented nature of habitats that make up landscapes, movement is not expected to be random in all instances, and an increase in fitness is an expected consequence for those that can optimize movement to find valuable and scarce recourses. I studied the movement of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), one of the most important pests of stored grain worldwide, within and between resource patches. At a fine spatial scale, I identified factors that contribute to overall and upward movement in the grain mass. Three-week-old insects tented to stay closer to the surface than one or two-week-old insects. Females tended to be more active and to explore more than males. I also found that males tended to stay closer to the surface than females and that might be related to the ability to attract females from outside the patch since there was no significant difference regarding female’s attraction within the grain patch. Interaction with feeding sites or other individuals of the same sex creates positive feedback and a more clumped spatial pattern of feeding and foraging behavior. On the other hand, interaction with individuals of different sex creates negative feedback and a more random or overdispersed pattern. At a broad spatial scale, I studied the long-term consequence of R. dominica movement on the development of population structure within the U.S. To evaluate population structure, I used reduced representation of the genome followed by direct sequencing of beetles collected from different locations across the U.S where wheat or rice is produced and stored. Ecoregions were more important in explaining structure of R. dominica populations than crop type. I also found significant isolation by distance; however, model selection primarily elected grain production and movement variables to explain population differentiation and diversity. Understanding animal movement is essential to establishing relationships between distribution and surrounding landscape, and this knowledge can improve conservation and management strategies.

Following changes to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 2006 dealing with the role of Electronically Stored Information, digital forensics is becoming necessary to the discovery process in civil litigation. The development of case law interpreting the rule changes since their enactment defines how digital forensics can be applied to the discovery process, the scope of discovery, and the duties imposed on parties. Herein, pertinent cases are examined to determine what trends exist and how they effect the field. These observations buttress case studies involving discovery failures in large corporate contexts along with insights on the technical reasons those discovery failures occurred and continue to occur. The state of the art in the legal industry for handling Electronically Stored Information is slow, inefficient, and extremely expensive. These failings exacerbate discovery failures by making the discovery process more burdensome than necessary. In addressing this problem, weaknesses of existing approaches are identified, and new tools are presented which cure these defects. By drawing on open source libraries, components, and other support the presented tools exceed the performance of existing solutions by between one and two orders of magnitude. The transparent standards embodied in the open source movement allow for clearer defensibility of discovery practice sufficiency whereas existing approaches entail difficult to verify closed source solutions. Legacy industry practices in numbering documents based on Bates numbers inhibit efficient parallel and distributed processing of electronic data into paginated forms. The failures inherent in legacy numbering systems is identified, and a new system is provided which eliminates these inhibiters while simultaneously better modeling the nature of electronic data which does not lend itself to pagination; such non-paginated data includes databases and other file types which are machine readable, but not human readable in format. In toto, this dissertation provides a broad treatment of digital forensics applied to electronic discovery, an analysis of current failures in the industry, and a suite of tools which address the weaknesses, problems, and failures identified.

O presente trabalho descreve um modelo para, a partir de Bancos de Dados Operacionais, projetar e implementar Bancos de Dados Analítico-Temporais, cujo principal objetivo é o de armazenar históricos de dados, os quais, por sua vez, visam servir de alicerce para, principalmente, auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisões de médio e longo prazo. O modelo é dividido em três atividades principais. Na primeira atividade o objetivo é mapear os Modelos de Dados Operacionais em um Modelo de Dados Unificado, sendo que este último modelo serve de base para a segunda atividade que é a geração do Modelo de Dados Analítico-Temporal. Para realizar essas duas primeiras atividades, foram elaborados alguns passos que englobam as principais características a serem verificadas e desenvolvidas. Na terceira atividade objetivou-se disponibilizar mecanismos que possibilitem a geração, o transporte e o armazenamento dos dados Analítico-Temporais. Para a realização dessa terceira atividade foram especificados gatilhos e procedimentos armazenados genéricos. / This work describes a model whose main objective is to store historic data, resulting in the Analytic-Temporal Databases. The origins of the data are the Operational Databases. This model can aid in the design and implementation of the Analytic-Temporal Databases that constitutes a very adequate foundation to help in the medium and long time decision taking process. The model is divided into three main activities. In the first activity the objective is to map the Operational Data Models into a Unified Data Model. This last model is the base for the second activity, which is the generation of the Analytical-Temporal Data Model. Considering these two activities, there were elaborated some steps, which encompass the main characteristics to be evaluated and developed. In the third activity the objective is to make available mechanisms, allowing the generation, the transport and the storage of the Analytical-Temporal data. For this third activity, there were specified generic triggers and stored procedures.

O tratamento quarentenário visa eliminar ou reduzir o nível de população de pragas que podem estar presentes em alimentos como grãos ou frutas, pois, durante o período de armazenamento, é comum ocorrer a degradação e deterioração de produtos por insetos, o que resulta em muitas perdas pós-colheita. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama em sementes de milho-pipoca, e em seu índice de capacidade de expansão (ICE). Os grãos foram infestados com inseto-praga Sitophillus zeamais no Laboratório de Irradiação de Alimentos no IPEN-CNEN/SP, sendo então submetidos a diferentes doses de radiação gama de 0,025; 0,050; 0,075 e 0,100 kGy para fins fitossanitários e doses de 1, 5, 10 e 15 kGy para análise de Índice de Capacidade de Expansão (ICE). As amostras foram irradiadas no irradiador de Cobalto-60, modelo Gammacell 220 no Centro de Tecnologia de Radiação (CTR) IPEN-CNEN/SP. Para os ensaios com insetos, cada tratamento consistiu em 3 repetições com 100 gramas de grãos de milho. As amostras foram acondicionadas e armazenadas a uma temperatura de 25 ± 2°C e umidade relativa de 70 ± 5% e, em seguida, foram realizadas as contagens de insetos emergidos. Para mesurar o ICE, foram utilizados pipoqueira elétrica e micro-ondas. Todas as fases: ovo, larva e pupa revelaram-se sensíveis à radiação gama, sendo a dose de 0,050 kGy suficiente para controlar o surgimento de adultos. Portanto, doses maiores que 0,075 kGy devem ser utilizadas para garantir o tratamento quarentenário do Sitophilus zeamais. A dose de 15 kGy foi a única que apresentou valores de Índice de capacidade de expansão (26,7 mL/g) abaixo do estipulado pela legislação (30 mL/g). Concluiu-se, então, que, para fins de tratamento quarentenário e melhoramento tecnológico, a dose adequada é de 0,1 kGy. / The quarantine treatment aims to eliminate or reduce the level of pest population that can be associated with products such as grains or fruits. Many post-harvest losses in stored products result from the degradation and deterioration caused by insects. Considering this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation on popcorn seeds and on the popping expansion index. The grains were purchased in the retail trade of the city of São Paulo, later infested in the Laboratory of Food Irradiation at IPEN-CNEN/SP, and then submitted to different doses of gamma radiation: 0,025; 0,050; 0,075 and 0,100 kGy for phytosanitary purposes and doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 kGy for Popping Expansion Index (PEI) analysis. The samples were irradiated in the Cobalt-60 irradiator; model Gammacell 220 with a dose rate of 1.4 kGy/ h at the IPEN-CNEN/SP Radiation Technology Center (CTR). Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 100 grams of corn grains. The samples were conditioned and stored at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. Then, the counts of emerged insects were carried out. All phases: egg, larva and pupa were sensitive to gamma radiation. A dose of 0.100 kGy was sufficient to control the emerged of adult and should be used to ensure quarantine treatment of Sitophilus zeamais on stored popcorn grains. The 15 kGy dose was the only one that presented values of expansion capacity index (26.7 mL/g) below that stipulated by the Brazilian legislation (30 mL/g). It Was concluded that, for the purpose of quarantine treatment and technological improvement, for popping index the appropriate dose is 0,1 kGy in popcorn seeds.

O tratamento quarentenário visa eliminar ou reduzir o nível de população de pragas que podem estar presentes em alimentos como grãos ou frutas, pois, durante o período de armazenamento, é comum ocorrer a degradação e deterioração de produtos por insetos, o que resulta em muitas perdas pós-colheita. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama em sementes de milho-pipoca, e em seu índice de capacidade de expansão (ICE). Os grãos foram infestados com inseto-praga Sitophillus zeamais no Laboratório de Irradiação de Alimentos no IPEN-CNEN/SP, sendo então submetidos a diferentes doses de radiação gama de 0,025; 0,050; 0,075 e 0,100 kGy para fins fitossanitários e doses de 1, 5, 10 e 15 kGy para análise de Índice de Capacidade de Expansão (ICE). As amostras foram irradiadas no irradiador de Cobalto-60, modelo Gammacell 220 no Centro de Tecnologia de Radiação (CTR) IPEN-CNEN/SP. Para os ensaios com insetos, cada tratamento consistiu em 3 repetições com 100 gramas de grãos de milho. As amostras foram acondicionadas e armazenadas a uma temperatura de 25 ± 2°C e umidade relativa de 70 ± 5% e, em seguida, foram realizadas as contagens de insetos emergidos. Para mesurar o ICE, foram utilizados pipoqueira elétrica e micro-ondas. Todas as fases: ovo, larva e pupa revelaram-se sensíveis à radiação gama, sendo a dose de 0,050 kGy suficiente para controlar o surgimento de adultos. Portanto, doses maiores que 0,075 kGy devem ser utilizadas para garantir o tratamento quarentenário do Sitophilus zeamais. A dose de 15 kGy foi a única que apresentou valores de Índice de capacidade de expansão (26,7 mL/g) abaixo do estipulado pela legislação (30 mL/g). Concluiu-se, então, que, para fins de tratamento quarentenário e melhoramento tecnológico, a dose adequada é de 0,1 kGy. / The quarantine treatment aims to eliminate or reduce the level of pest population that can be associated with products such as grains or fruits. Many post-harvest losses in stored products result from the degradation and deterioration caused by insects. Considering this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation on popcorn seeds and on the popping expansion index. The grains were purchased in the retail trade of the city of São Paulo, later infested in the Laboratory of Food Irradiation at IPEN-CNEN/SP, and then submitted to different doses of gamma radiation: 0,025; 0,050; 0,075 and 0,100 kGy for phytosanitary purposes and doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 kGy for Popping Expansion Index (PEI) analysis. The samples were irradiated in the Cobalt-60 irradiator; model Gammacell 220 with a dose rate of 1.4 kGy/ h at the IPEN-CNEN/SP Radiation Technology Center (CTR). Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates with 100 grams of corn grains. The samples were conditioned and stored at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. Then, the counts of emerged insects were carried out. All phases: egg, larva and pupa were sensitive to gamma radiation. A dose of 0.100 kGy was sufficient to control the emerged of adult and should be used to ensure quarantine treatment of Sitophilus zeamais on stored popcorn grains. The 15 kGy dose was the only one that presented values of expansion capacity index (26.7 mL/g) below that stipulated by the Brazilian legislation (30 mL/g). It Was concluded that, for the purpose of quarantine treatment and technological improvement, for popping index the appropriate dose is 0,1 kGy in popcorn seeds.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrine_Zambiazi.pdf: 640796 bytes, checksum: bd27cf7ea91e8a149ac100e503efe7a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-04 / From a nutritional point of view, the cowpea is an excellent food choice for its beneficial substances, which makes it ideal for human consumption. However, losses in quality due to the presence of Calossobruchus maculatus, considered the main pest insect of stored beans, which causes hardening of the bean, increases the time required for cooking, changes its flavor and darkens its integument. There is intense search for cultivars able to resist such insect with desirable nutritional and culinary characteristics. This research aimed to evaluate the resistance of eight cultivars to C. maculatus, through free-choice tests, based on biological parameters of insect damages in grains, weight loss, nutritional and technological quality. The BRS Xiquexique cultivar showed resistance, increasing the duration of adult egg cycle, reducing the number of adults emerged and causing weight loss of grains. In addition, the C. maculates showed no preference for feeding from it, while it showed preference for the BRS Caleamé. In general, the infested grains showed higher levels of protein and minerals. It was also observed that the time for cooking parameter had no statistical differences. The results will allow information about the quality of the beans depending on the attack of insects and storage of this legume. There is need for further study of resistance of cultivars in order to contribute to the research of cowpea to the state of Parana, identifying opportunities for investiment. / Sob o ponto de vista nutricional, o feijão caupi é um excelente alimento que oferece substâncias que tornam vantajoso o seu consumo. Porém, a perda de qualidade devido à presença do Calossobruchus maculatus, considerado o principal inseto-praga do feijão armazenado, é proporcionada também pelo aumento no grau de dureza do feijão, com acréscimos no tempo necessário para cozimento, com mudanças no sabor e escurecimento do tegumento. Há intensa busca por cultivares resistentes com características culinárias e nutricionais desejáveis. O projeto teve por objetivo avaliar a resistência de oito cultivares ao C. maculatus, por meio de testes com chance de escolha, com base em parâmetros biológicos do inseto, danos ocasionados nos grãos, perda de peso, qualidade tecnológica e nutricional. Verificou-se que a cultivar BRS Xiquexique apresentou resistência, aumentando a duração do ciclo ovo adulto, diminuindo o número de insetos emergidos e perda de peso dos grãos apresentando não-preferência para alimentação por C. maculatus, enquanto a cultivar BRS Caleamé apresentou suscetibilidade e preferência alimentar para esse inseto. Em geral, os grãos infestados apresentaram maiores teores de proteína e minerais; também foi observado que o parâmetro tempo de cozimento não teve diferenças estatísticas. Os resultados permitirão obter informações sobre a qualidade do feijão em função do ataque de insetos e armazenamento dessa leguminosa. Há a necessidade de um estudo mais avançado de resistência genética de cultivares a fim de contribuir com a pesquisa do feijão caupi para o estado do Paraná, identificando oportunidades de investimento.

O presente trabalho descreve um modelo para, a partir de Bancos de Dados Operacionais, projetar e implementar Bancos de Dados Analítico-Temporais, cujo principal objetivo é o de armazenar históricos de dados, os quais, por sua vez, visam servir de alicerce para, principalmente, auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisões de médio e longo prazo. O modelo é dividido em três atividades principais. Na primeira atividade o objetivo é mapear os Modelos de Dados Operacionais em um Modelo de Dados Unificado, sendo que este último modelo serve de base para a segunda atividade que é a geração do Modelo de Dados Analítico-Temporal. Para realizar essas duas primeiras atividades, foram elaborados alguns passos que englobam as principais características a serem verificadas e desenvolvidas. Na terceira atividade objetivou-se disponibilizar mecanismos que possibilitem a geração, o transporte e o armazenamento dos dados Analítico-Temporais. Para a realização dessa terceira atividade foram especificados gatilhos e procedimentos armazenados genéricos. / This work describes a model whose main objective is to store historic data, resulting in the Analytic-Temporal Databases. The origins of the data are the Operational Databases. This model can aid in the design and implementation of the Analytic-Temporal Databases that constitutes a very adequate foundation to help in the medium and long time decision taking process. The model is divided into three main activities. In the first activity the objective is to map the Operational Data Models into a Unified Data Model. This last model is the base for the second activity, which is the generation of the Analytical-Temporal Data Model. Considering these two activities, there were elaborated some steps, which encompass the main characteristics to be evaluated and developed. In the third activity the objective is to make available mechanisms, allowing the generation, the transport and the storage of the Analytical-Temporal data. For this third activity, there were specified generic triggers and stored procedures.