Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2006.

The thesis is an attempt to refute the indictment of Storm's work as being sentimental and melancholy, arguing that such a judgment fails to take account of the writer's portrayal of tragedy in the final seventeen years of his life. Chapter One analyses a number of aspects of Storm's thought and experience which disposed him towards a tragic view of the world: this includes an examination of the possible impact of the popular philosophies of Feuerbach, the Materialists, Darwin and Schopenhauer, as well as the significance of his educational background, his career as a judge, and his attitude to family life, religion, politics and society. Chapter Two considers the aesthetic convictions underlying Storm's conception and portrayal of tragedy, looking also at the idea of the Novelle as a suitable medium for tragedy and at the relationship between the author's later work and the tragedies of Naturalism. Chapters Three to Five present a detailed study of six individual Novellen which treat themes representative of Storm's work. Chapter Three focuses on Storm's attitude to the destructive potential of prejudice and superstition in society, taking Renate (1878) and Ein Doppelganger (1886) as examples of "The Tragedy of Social Compulsion". Chapter Four investigates his pessimistic preoccupation with the subject of heredity, discussing John Riew' (1885) and Der Herr Etatsrat (1881) as cases of "The Tragedy of Genetic Compulsion". Chapter Five is entitled "The Tragedy of Personal Responsibility": it examines Ein Bekenntnis (1887) and Zur Chronik von Grieshuus (1883) as Novellen in which the leading characters incur specific moral guilt, and considers the nature and results of their attempts to atone for their crime.

Climate models have anticipated higher future extreme precipitations and streamflows for various regions. Urban stormwater facilities are vulnerable to these changes as the design assumes stationarity. However, recent climate change studies have argued about the existence of non-stationarity of the climate. Distribution method adopted on extreme precipitation varies spatially and may not always follow same distribution method. In this research, two different natural extremities were analyzed for two separate study areas. First, the future design storm depth based on the stationarity of climate and GEV distribution method was examined with non-stationarity and best fit distribution. Second, future design flood was analyzed and routed on a river to estimate the future flooding. Climate models from North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) were fitted to 27 different distribution using Chi-square and Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit. The best fit distribution method was used to calculate design storm depth as well as design flood. Climate change scenarios were adopted as delta change factor, a downscaling approach to transfer historical design value to the climate adopted future design value. Most of the delta change factor calculated were higher than one, representing strong climate change impact on future. HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models were used to simulate the stormwater infrastructures and river flow. The result shows an adverse effect on stormwater infrastructure in the future. The research highlights the importance of available climate information and suggests a possible approach for climate change adaptation on stormwater design practice.

Este estudo tem como objetivo a previsão de impactos gerados por tempestades sobre os sistemas praial e de dunas frontais nas costas Leste (praias expostas) e Norte (praias abrigadas) da Ilha de Santa Catarina. A área de estudo abrange as praias entre a Barra da Lagoa e a Praia da Daniela. As respostas da costa frente aos eventos de tempestades foram classificadas em quatro diferentes regimes: Espraiamento (Swash), Colisão (Collision), Sobrelavagem (Overwash) e Inundação (Inundation). A delimitação entre cada regime é baseada na mais alta e mais baixa elevação vertical do nível d’água em relação às características morfológicas da duna frontal (base e crista). Para a Costa Leste, onde as praias são expostas à incidência de ondas, a máxima elevação do nível do mar foi definida pela soma do wave runup, maré astronômica e maré meteorológica, calculada para quatro distintos períodos de retornos (5, 10, 25 e 50 anos). A mais baixa elevação do mar foi definida como sendo a elevação na qual a praia é, na maior parte do tempo, continuamente submersa. Enquanto que para a Costa Norte, onde as praias são abrigadas da incidência das ondas, a máxima elevação do nível do mar durante eventos de tempestades foi calculada levando-se em consideração a soma das marés astronômica e meteorológicas para cada período de retorno analisado; enquanto que a mínima elevação foi representada pelo nível mais alto da maré astronômica. Em ambas as costas, foram adicionados os valores de elevação do nível do mar baseados nas previsões de pior caso do relatório do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas. De acordo com este estudo a elevação do nível médio do mar vem ocorrendo em uma taxa de 4 mm/ano com uma aceleração anual de 0,019 mm/ano². Os resultados mostram que para a maioria das praias expostas não houve mudança de regime entre os períodos de retorno analisados. As exceções foram a porção central da praia dos Ingleses que apresentou passagem do regime de sobrelavagem (5 e 10 anos) para o regime de inundação (25 e 50 anos) e a Praia Brava que foi classificada como sujeita ao regime de colisão para o período de retorno de 5 anos passando a ser classificada como submetida ao regime de sobrelavagem para os demais períodos. O regime de sobrelavagem foi predominante para as praias abrigadas, sendo este o único regime registrado em toda a Costa Norte para o período de 50 anos. / This study aims to forecast the impacts of storms on the beache and foredune system along the East (exposed beaches) and North (sheltered beaches) coast of Santa Catarina Island. The study area covers the beaches between Barra da Lagoa and Daniela Beach. The coastal storm response were classified into four different regimes: Swash, Collision, Overwash and Inundation. The limits between regimes are based on the highest and lowest vertical elevation of the water level in relation to the elevation of geomorphic features of the foredune (base and crest). To the East Coast the maximum rise in sea level was defined as the sum of the wave runup, astronomical tide and storm surge, calculated for four different return periods (5, 10, 25 and 50 years). The lowest elevation of the sea is defined as the elevation at below which the beach is, most of the time, continuously subaqueous. On the North Coast the maximum rise in sea level during storm events was calculated taking into account the sum of astronomical and meteorological tides; the minimum level was defined as the maximum vertical range of astronomical tide for each return period. On both coasts the sea level rise (SLR) based on worst-case of the Climate Change Intergovernmental Panel report predictions was added to the maximun and minimum sea level elevation. According to this study the increase on the mean sea level has been occurring at a rate of 4 mm/year with an annual acceleration of 0.019 mm/ano². The results show that most of the exposed beaches did not change their regimes between the return periods analyzed. The exceptions being the Central-North portion of Ingleses, that went from overwash (RP 5 and 10 years) to inundation (RP 25 and 50 years) and Brava which changed from collision (RP 5 years) to overwash regime (RP 10, 25 and 50 years). Overwash was the predominant regime on sheltered beaches, being the only recorded regime for the 50-year return period.

Este estudo tem como objetivo a previsão de impactos gerados por tempestades sobre os sistemas praial e de dunas frontais nas costas Leste (praias expostas) e Norte (praias abrigadas) da Ilha de Santa Catarina. A área de estudo abrange as praias entre a Barra da Lagoa e a Praia da Daniela. As respostas da costa frente aos eventos de tempestades foram classificadas em quatro diferentes regimes: Espraiamento (Swash), Colisão (Collision), Sobrelavagem (Overwash) e Inundação (Inundation). A delimitação entre cada regime é baseada na mais alta e mais baixa elevação vertical do nível d’água em relação às características morfológicas da duna frontal (base e crista). Para a Costa Leste, onde as praias são expostas à incidência de ondas, a máxima elevação do nível do mar foi definida pela soma do wave runup, maré astronômica e maré meteorológica, calculada para quatro distintos períodos de retornos (5, 10, 25 e 50 anos). A mais baixa elevação do mar foi definida como sendo a elevação na qual a praia é, na maior parte do tempo, continuamente submersa. Enquanto que para a Costa Norte, onde as praias são abrigadas da incidência das ondas, a máxima elevação do nível do mar durante eventos de tempestades foi calculada levando-se em consideração a soma das marés astronômica e meteorológicas para cada período de retorno analisado; enquanto que a mínima elevação foi representada pelo nível mais alto da maré astronômica. Em ambas as costas, foram adicionados os valores de elevação do nível do mar baseados nas previsões de pior caso do relatório do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas. De acordo com este estudo a elevação do nível médio do mar vem ocorrendo em uma taxa de 4 mm/ano com uma aceleração anual de 0,019 mm/ano². Os resultados mostram que para a maioria das praias expostas não houve mudança de regime entre os períodos de retorno analisados. As exceções foram a porção central da praia dos Ingleses que apresentou passagem do regime de sobrelavagem (5 e 10 anos) para o regime de inundação (25 e 50 anos) e a Praia Brava que foi classificada como sujeita ao regime de colisão para o período de retorno de 5 anos passando a ser classificada como submetida ao regime de sobrelavagem para os demais períodos. O regime de sobrelavagem foi predominante para as praias abrigadas, sendo este o único regime registrado em toda a Costa Norte para o período de 50 anos. / This study aims to forecast the impacts of storms on the beache and foredune system along the East (exposed beaches) and North (sheltered beaches) coast of Santa Catarina Island. The study area covers the beaches between Barra da Lagoa and Daniela Beach. The coastal storm response were classified into four different regimes: Swash, Collision, Overwash and Inundation. The limits between regimes are based on the highest and lowest vertical elevation of the water level in relation to the elevation of geomorphic features of the foredune (base and crest). To the East Coast the maximum rise in sea level was defined as the sum of the wave runup, astronomical tide and storm surge, calculated for four different return periods (5, 10, 25 and 50 years). The lowest elevation of the sea is defined as the elevation at below which the beach is, most of the time, continuously subaqueous. On the North Coast the maximum rise in sea level during storm events was calculated taking into account the sum of astronomical and meteorological tides; the minimum level was defined as the maximum vertical range of astronomical tide for each return period. On both coasts the sea level rise (SLR) based on worst-case of the Climate Change Intergovernmental Panel report predictions was added to the maximun and minimum sea level elevation. According to this study the increase on the mean sea level has been occurring at a rate of 4 mm/year with an annual acceleration of 0.019 mm/ano². The results show that most of the exposed beaches did not change their regimes between the return periods analyzed. The exceptions being the Central-North portion of Ingleses, that went from overwash (RP 5 and 10 years) to inundation (RP 25 and 50 years) and Brava which changed from collision (RP 5 years) to overwash regime (RP 10, 25 and 50 years). Overwash was the predominant regime on sheltered beaches, being the only recorded regime for the 50-year return period.

A spatial-temporal model is developed for modelling the impacts of simulated coastal zone storm surge and flooding using a combined spatial mapping and system dynamics approach. By coupling geographic information systems (GIS) and system dynamics, the interconnecting components of the spatial-temporal model are used with limited historical data to evaluate storm damage. Overlapping cumulative effects layers in GIS (ArcMap) are used for describing the coastal community’s profile, and a system dynamics feedback model (STELLA) is developed to define the interconnecting component relationships of the community. The component-wise changes to the physical environment, community infrastructure, and socioeconomic resources from the storm surge and seal level rise are examined. These changes are used to assess the impacts of the community system as a whole. For the purpose of illustrating this model, the research is applied specifically to the case of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, a vulnerable coastal city subject to considerable impacts from pending sea level rise and more frequent severe storm surge attributed to the changing climate in the coastal zone.

Cette recherche propose une analyse comparative des discours idéologiques de trois mouvements politiques québécois, la Meute, la Storm Alliance et Atalante, sur la période allant de 2015 à 2019. Souvent qualifiés d’extrême droite par les médias, ces groupes tentent d’imposer dans le débat une conception du monde reposant sur le nationalisme, notamment à partir de thématiques axées sur le refus de l’immigration, la critique de l’islam ou encore la dénonciation de l’État et des élites mondialistes. Les données utilisées dans cette thèse afin de cerner le corpus doctrinaire de ces mouvements ont été récoltées à l’occasion de discours publics, lors de manifestations ou d’interventions publiées sur internet. L’analyse révèle une forte proximité idéologique entre les trois groupes, ceux-ci préconisant souvent des orientations similaires, bien qu’abordées et développées de manière distincte.

In interpreting Der Schinmelreiter by Theodor Storm, the deconstructive method always leaves room for more interpretation; a deconstructive interpretation may simply acknowledge a variety of critical opinions, not necessarily considering one more valid than another, but arguing that all of than together are necessary to form a collective interpretation. I have examined traditionally important views of Storm's work, those of Stuckert and Silz, who argue for a positive heroic example in the main character Hauke Haien, and who consider the supernatural in a less structurally important light, but attribute it to Storm's personal views and geographic background. Ellis, Findlay and Jennings offer an examination of narrative structures and a study of mythic elements in the structure. They break some of the longer-held opinions, redefine realism and draw attention to conflicting character traits of Hauke, suggesting psychological explanations for his mythification. Jost Hermard represents the new directions in social commentary. His interpretation emphasizes possible political criticisms and examines the work in the light of German society in the late nineteenth century.

Urbanization in coastal areas of the United States is increasing as simultaneously the East and Gulf coasts of the United States face increasing threats from climate change from hurricanes and storm surge inundation. This study will evaluate urban growth using a cellular automata model to analyze the trends in urbanization between 1996 and 2019 and predict how it will continue until 2050. The study uses historical trends in land use and urbanization, as well as spatial and environmental data, to evaluate the likelihood of urban growth in two modeled scenarios: one that accounts for flood risk and one that does not. The study evaluates trends over the entire coastal buffer area, including the 150-kilometers adjacent to the East and Gulf coasts as well as targeted areas of New Orleans, Louisiana and Houston, Texas to determine growth at the scale of a metropolitan area. Both the scenarios have an overall prediction accuracy of 93% in determining the projected land use of a cell on the gridded map; however, the two models have different strengths. The scenario excluding storm surge impacts better predicts urban growth across the entire study area categorically, while the scenario accounting for the suitability of growth in areas at risk of storm surge inundation is more reliable in showing the specific areas urban growth occurred. The comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of the models will help determine if urbanization and population shifts are impacted by threats of storm surge and hurricanes in the study area. The outcome of the model analysis can be used to influence how communities burdened by climate change can strategically grow to limit the impacts of flooding on their residents and infrastructure. / Master of Science / The flood impacts of hurricanes regularly impact the coastline of the United States, however populations in the same coastal areas are continuing to grow. This study models how cities are growing along East and Gulf coasts and the factors influencing that growth. The concern with increasing urban areas in coastal areas is that these areas are also being affected by climate change, which can cause flooding and other dangerous conditions. These flood events are a risk to human lives and the built environment of the communities. This study uses a computer model to analyze how these cities are growing using historic data from 1996 to 2019 and how they will continue to grow through 2050. The model considers factors like the risk of flooding, as well as information about the land and environment in these areas. This study used this information to identify how cities are growing and determine if there is a need to better account for flooding risks and other problems caused by climate change as growth continues. The work looked at two different scenarios, one that accounts for flood risk and one that allows growth without concern for flood risk, to see which one more closely models historic growth. This study will help communities along the coast make smart decisions about how to grow and adapt to the challenges of climate change.

This investigation focuses on the effects of hurricane Katrina on the structure, performance, capacity, and future of the lumber industry in the impacted area. The basis of the examination is a survey of both hardwood and softwood lumber mills in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. Total response rate was 42.4%. Results support the hypothesis that the storm did have a significant and negative effect on the commerce of responding facilities. Contribuing factors, such as raw materials supply and procurement, physical damage tothe mill and resulting variations to operation, productivity and quality issues, as well as human resources, were impacted in differing magnitudes. The extent to which the results have been experienced can be based upon what type of wood a mill utilizes, its geographic location, and its ownership of timberland. Raw material security will be paramount to determining a facility’s ability to remain competitive in the industry.