Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 2005.

The South China Sea (SCS) is a large semi-enclosed marginal sea to the west of the tropical Pacific, and connected to the western Pacific through the Luzon Strait. The surface water circulation and hydrography in the SCS are strongly influenced by the East Asian monsoon system. The seasonal changes of the monsoon system induce changes in the mixed layer thickness, upwelling, primary production, and associated biogeochemistry. In order to understand the characteristics of the Kuroshio intrusion and the source strength of radium isotopes from the coastal zone, we carried out surface water and water column samplings for Ra-228 and Ra-226 measurements in the northern SCS and the Luzon Strait areas. The Ra isotopes were much higher in the SCS surface waters than in the open ocean surface waters because the SCS was enclosed mostly by landmasses which are known as sources of these nuclides. Higher surface water activities are seen in the northern (shelf and slope) area; lower values are observed in the southern (deep basin) area; the lowest values appear in the eastern (Luzon Strait) area. Large temporal and spatial variations were also observed probably due to the source strength of radium isotopes from the coastal zone and intrusion of the Kuroshio Current. The vertical 228Ra profiles are remarkably similar, showing high values in the surface layer and fairly uniform below about 500m depth but with an increase toward the bottom due to input from the underlying sediments. The shallow water profile on the shelf shows higher 228Ra values due to both vertical and horizontal mixing of the shelf water and additional source from the shore zone. The 226Ra profiles in the northern SCS are quite similar to those in the northwest Pacific both in pattern and magnitude, showing lowest values at the surface and an increase with depth although more scattered. 226Ra activities in the shallow water (less than 1000m depth) are higher in the northern SCS than in the northernwest Pacific Ocean, but they are quite comparable below this depth. The Ra-228/Ra-226 activity ratios of the surface water decrease from the coastal zone and estuaries toward the basin and the Luzon Strait (from 4.11 to 1.03), indicating the former as a main source area for Ra-228. The vertical 228Ra/226Ra activity ratios decrease rapidly from the surface at 2.3 to a depth of 1500m at 0.5 below which the values are less than 0.5. This pattern is similar to that of the open ocean but these values are much higher than those in the open oceans where the surface water values are 0.5 or less and the deep water values are less than 0.1. This suggests a strong input of Ra-228 relative to Ra-226 from the bottom sediments into the deep water of the semi-enclosed SCS.

The strait separated until now, regarding the reunion each other should get rid of the thinking of civil war. For a long time the Strait have different opinion about preventing the criminal on the sea, China insist on taking the action under the One-China principle but Taiwan think this is nothing to do with political. Therefore two sides can not reach the agreement. The criminal on Taiwan Strait area is getting more and more serious. General speaking the criminal includes pirate, smuggling, stowaway and dispute on the sea. And these criminal already threaten the safety of Taiwan Strait, moreover this matter involved in political and military which make it more difficult to take care of and it also influent the criminal strike on the Strait. On March 18th , 1999, At National security meeting they suggested to set up a coast patrol institute to unify the coast matter to bring into the law enforcement on the Strait. So the Ministry of National Defense ,Aquatic Police,Customs under the conditional of not adding members to set up ¡uCoast Guard Administration website¡vin order to solve the problems of many bosses. The whole case was set up on Feb. 1st, 2000 as ¡uCoast Guard Administration website¡vwhich is responsible for coast patrol and enforcement. The standard of appointment, dispatch, assessment, payment, welfare, retirement and consolation is different which cause unequal pay for equal work. In order to let the emplacement work at ease and bring into the organization function. Besides to develop the professional and equity promotion system to let the person who has the ability and ambition get promote. And Coast Guard Administration website how to adjust their system to handle the Strait relations and future development which is worth to have further analyze. To catch up this economic wave and decrease the investment cost to China, the development of the Strait shipping will the change at the Strait area. To handle and protect the safety and order of the route is important to enhance their enforcement. Today we use the sample to compare with other countries similar organization and analyze the function and enforcement to observe the Strait situation and understand the disadvantage of future development Coast Guard Administration website.This study is for related organization reference.

In order to better understand the flow dynamics in the Taiwan Strait (TS) and the adjacent seas, a series of field experiments were conducted to monitor the currents by deploying 30 SVP drifters, using shipboard ADCP measurements and analyzing historical drifter data in the TS. Examinations of historical drifter data reveal that the surface waters in the TS originate from the shelf of the South China Sea (SCS) in the summer. In wintertime, the mean surface current flows toward the south in the northern TS with a mean speed of approximately 0.3~0.4 m/s. The surface current in the eastern TS mainly flows northward, and it flows southward in the western TS in the fall. The surface waters of the Kuroshio do not intrude into the SCS in summer. Instead, a northeastward current of 0.5~0.7 m/s west of Luzon Island impinges on the Kuroshio across the Luzon Strait. Drifter tracks in the TS are classified according to the wind condition. The first type of drifter tracks is that the drifters move northward in the TS with an intensified flows in the Peng-hu Channel when the southwest monsoon prevails. The second and third types of drifter tracks are under the influence of strong northeast monsoon. The drifters are carried onto the shelf of East China Sea from the Kuroshio or the East China Sea, and then move southward along the TS. Some drifters are grounded at the west coast of Taiwan, and the others drift through the TS. The third type of drifter tracks show that drifters start from the Luzon Strait and move northward into the TS. However, they can only reach the neighboring area of Peng-Hu archipelagoes, then they change the direction of drifting to the south or southwest and toward the SCS. The fourth type is that drifters are carried northward from the SCS into the northern TS under the weak northeast wind, and then veer to the south when the northeast monsoon intensifies. The fifth type of drifter tracks demonstrates the flow pattern of the northern TS when the northeast monsoon diminishes. This flow pattern belongs to the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) in wintertime. The surface speed of TWC is about 0.2~0.4 m/s northward. The second, fourth and fifth flow patterns in the TS have not been quite discovered in previous studies. In-situ marine observations right beneath typhoons are very scanty and valuable. In this study we have found several events with some drifters happened to get caught by typhoons. The maximum speed of drifters near the typhoon center is found to be about 2 m/s. The SST, which is observed by the drifter, reduces 2~4¢J after the typhoon passes. Our results indicate that for the case of the Typhoon Haitang the Matsu weather station measured a sudden increase of wind speed of about 3 m/s every hour, and the corresponding drifter speed increases 0.52 m/s. There were two events in summer of 2006 when the Typhoon Billis and Saomai passed the northern region of Taiwan, and some drifters located at the Kuroshio to the north of typhoon were carried rapidly onto the ECS shelf with a maximum speed of about 1.1 m/s. This result indicates that the Kuroshio waters can penetrate into the ECS shelf by means of the passage of typhoon in this region during summertime. Three cruises with the shipboard ADCP were performed by three research vessels concurrently along two transects during 2002-2004. Various phase averaging methods were employed to eliminate tidal effects. The calculated volume transport of the TS for the period of August 2002, September 2003 and March 2004 is 3.4, 3.6 and 2.8 Sv, respectively. These transport values are compatible with the output of EASCNFS model. The estimated uncertainty of the residual flow through the Peng-hu Channel derived from the 5-phase-averaging, 4-phase-averaging, 3-phase-averaging and 2-phase-averaging methods is 0.3, 0.3, 1.3 and 4.6 cm/s, respectively. Procedures for choosing a best phase average method to remove tidal currents in any particular region are also suggested.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Hughes, Wayne P. ; Kline, Jeffrey F. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Formidable, Steregushchiy, Sigma, Visby, Strait Of Hormuz, surface warfare, C-802, C-701, Torpedo, Harpoon, Exocet, CIWS, Seahawk, Hellfire, countermeasure effectiveness, LCS (Littoral Combat Ship). Author(s) subject terms: LCS, MILGEM, Formidable, Steregushchiy, Sigma, Visby, Iran, Strait of Hormuz, IRGN, Hughes' Salvo Equations, Surface Warfare, ASUW, ASW, C-802, C-701, Torpedo, ASCM, Harpoon, Exocet, RBS, RAM, CIWS, PDMS, SAM, SSM, Seahawk, Hellfire, Countermeasure Effectiveness, ECM, ESM, RCS, Jane's, MANA. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-146). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1935. / Bibliography: p. 29-30.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Otte, Douglas E. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Littoral Combat Ship, Steregushchiy, Iran, Strait of Hormuz, Hughes' Salvo Equations, Harpoon3 Advanced Naval Warfare. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96). Also available in print.

Spectral characteristics of sub-surface current and temperature records spanning 310-533 days from me Strait of Georgia near Sturgeon Bank are examined. Of particular interest are low-frequency fluctuations having, a characteristic period of 30 days. Typically, the energy of the low-frequency and tidal currents are equal at 50m (each about 40% of the total), and 10% and 10%, respectively, at 200m. Low-frequency currents are observed to be baroclinic and posses a lateral length scale less than 10km. Their generation mechanisms are not identified. The low-frequency fluctuations in sea-level and current have poor-to-fair coherence, while those in air-pressure and current have poor coherence. Low-frequency fluctuations in wind and current have fair coherence at the eastern mooring, and poor coherence at the remaining two moorings. Fluctuations in water temperature have a characteristic period of 300 days. Water temperatures at different locations generally have poor coherence except at the lowest frequencies where they are fair-to-good. Water temperature and current at the same location have poor coherence. Tidal currents are found to be ellipses, with the largest constituents being M² and K¹. The magnitude, shape .and orientation of the tidal current ellipses are time-dependent. Internal tides are suggested as an explanation. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

In 1971, changes were observed in the overwintering population sizes of Calanus plumchrus Marukawa, Galanus marshallae Frost and Calanus pacificus californicus Brodsky in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Calanus plumchrus and C. pacificus were less common than in previous years, while C. marshallae was more common. Based on scattered data taken since the turn of the century, these changes appeared to be abnormal. Because Calanus plumchrus constituted a significant proportion of the biomass of the zooplankton community, it was possible that the observed fluctuations were indicative of changes in the structure of the zooplankton community within the Strait. Thus a unique opportunity was presented to study a zooplankton community and Its relationship to environmental parameters. Multiple correlation analysis, cluster analysis, multiple regression analysis, factor analysis and principal components analysis were used to analyse zooplankton concentrations and hydrographic data taken in overwintering periods from I969 to 1974. Additional hydrographic data were used to examine relationships between physical and biological data three and six months out of phase. The multivariate techniques allowed an efficient analysis of the relationships within and between the biological and physical data banks. More than one multivariate method was used as each method gives a slightly different viewpoint on the data. A combination of methods thus produces a more complete picture of the system being analysed, while points of overlap between the techniques act as internal checks on the consistency of the analysis. The analysis indicates a recent shift in the hydrographic regime of the Strait of Georgia. The shift is most obvious in the salinity, but can also be seen in the temperature, and in both cases is strongest in Strait of Georgia deep water. It involves subtle changes in salinity and temperature structure. These changes axe of uncertain biological significance but indicate fluctuations in the process of deep water formation. Deep water is formed in the Southern Passages by the mixing of incoming Strait of Juan de Fuca intermediate and deep water with outflowing near surface fresher water. Changes in either of these components, or in the degree of mixing, may produce some changes in the quality of the deep water, which intrudes into the Strait of Georgia in late summer. These changes in quality appear to affect the zooplankton community. Individual zooplankton species are strongly influenced by temperature and stability characteristics or related factors. Temperature and stability during the fall intrusion are particularly important to the overwintering zooplankton community three months later. The same two factors in spring also affect zooplankton in the following winter. The concentrations of Calanus plumchrus and C. marshallae have significant (p<O.05) linear regressions with concurrent temperature at 350 m. The regression lines have opposite slopes and intersect in the region of normal ambient temperature at 350 m. This result suggests that deep water temperature, or a temperature associated, factor, strongly affects the relative fluctuations in the numbers of both species. Principal components and factor analysis of the hydrographic data both suggest that the most important factor in the structure of the water column is its subdivision into near surface, intermediate and deep water. However, in both temperature and salinity components a portion of the variance is associated with a temporal trend within the deep water. Principal components of the zooplankton similarly associate 15% of the zooplankton variance with a temporal trend. No species is strongly weighted on these components, and the association appears to be a function of the whole community, rather than of individual species. As an adjunct to this investigation, ecological separation between Calanus plumchrus and C. marshallae was investigated. Both species have similar distributions and life histories. Feeding competition between them is minimized by a separation in their ability to filter small particles from the water. Calanus plumchrus can feed readily on particles above 3>5 ym in diameter, while C. marshallae can not efficiently filter particles below about 10.5 ym in diameter. Thus, Calanus plumchrus can exploit a potentially rich food source with no competition from Calanus marshallae. This advantage may maintain Calanus plumchrus within the Strait of Georgia despite the detrimental effect of a shift in deep water temperature or related factors. It also suggests that, given a more "normal" physical climate, Calanus plumchrus could revert to its traditional dominance. If Calanus plumchrus continues to drop, or remains at suppressed levels, the economically important fish species that utilize it as food will have to shift prey species, probably to Calanus marshallae. Feeding on C. marshallae will involve a greater energy expenditure to obtain the same ration, and may be detrimental to some predators. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate