A subtidal site at Saturnina Island was sampled quantitatively to determine the seasonal and depth related trends of gastropod populations. The resulting density estimates were used to characterize the assemblage using diversity, niche-breadth, and cluster analyses. The relationship between gastropod abundance and diatom density, as estimated from colonization of glass microscope slides, was investigated One experiment, which was conducted at the site, was designed to determine whether the macrophytic algae still attracted the numerically dominant snail after the algae had been either cleaned with hydrogen peroxide, or killed by immersion in 50° C. seawater. Most species attained their maximum development after recruitment in spring or early summer. The greatest number of species was found at the shallowest station that was sampled, and abundances tended to decrease with depth with most species. Most of the snails had dispersion patterns that were similar to those of the two dominant species Marqarites costalis and Lacuna marmorata. Ninety-five percent of all the individuals collected were found to belong to five species. This high degree of numerical dominance severely affected the results of the diversity and the cluster analyses. Analyses of frequency vs. mean abundance, and niche-breadths revealed detailed information concerning the distributions of the gastropods that was not readily obtainable from graphs of mean density per quadrat. Diversity, species richness, the total abundance of gastropods, and the densities of several species were correlated to the abundance of diatoms. Several species were also found to contain diatoms among their gut contents. Several other factors, including parasitism, predation, low salinity-high temperature water, and competition are discussed as factors, which, in addition to diatom abundance, may have affected the gastropod dispersion patterns. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Unknown

Abstract The Art of War by Sun Tzu is ¡§To know yourself and enemy, will be ever-victorious¡¨ The mainland China has always ¡§threatening by characters and militarily force to Taiwan¡¨, and emphasized ¡§ not get rid of and liberate Taiwan by militarily ¡§, can nearly confirm the mainland China regard military affair as the fundamental key of negotiation backing. It is worth noting , Many military exercises and strategy and over the years of the mainland China, analysed the report by military experts and media analysis such as , Dong-Shan Island military exercises of East China Sea, and guess the mainland China is dispatch troops the first-selected strategic objective which is attacking the Penghu(Pescadores) in recent years. Why the archipelago of Penghu is the locking goal of simulation to attack Taiwan by mainland China ? Especially the high-ranking military officer Shi Lang campaign and seized Penghu against Ching Dynasty, it was from Dong-Shan Island of the mainland China before going to war is Zheng's Dynasty strategy by force fighting to surrender too. In history experience and example, all kinds of overseas attacked of Taiwan campaigns, it took Penghu as the strategic objective. in war history, The fate between Taiwan and Penghu seems link up together and closely. what was the trick and strategy about this by mainland China? According to international strategy, the Penghu is the first island chain of Pacific Ocean while enclose and stopping up strategy by the U.S. it is one of the main pass of international crude oil channel of Taiwan Straits. the modern international war all arises because of petroleum, that China while emerging rapidly is dependent on the petroleum, has already become the second major energy-consuming country in the world, the security imported of the crude oil is increasingly day by day, the Penghu is looks like prickles down the back for China. Taiwan is the narrow and long island, extremely short of the strategic depth, the modern war has already struck the speed that the persons who defend react greatly, To ensure security of Taiwan , it must to overcome this disadvantage; In addition, The Ministry of National Defence is carrying on the withdrawing troops of Kim-Men and Ma-Zu. How to use the limited defence weapons, strive for early warning time, and resist enemy out of the territory when attacked on suddenly and frighten effective become the task of top priority of our strategic Distribution, and whether Penghu archipelago can play the key role of the leading base appropriately, It is worth to deep discussion. This research is since the instance of the war between two sides of the Taiwan Straits verifying, Commenting strategic position and worth were in the war incident of the Taiwan Straits .And Mainland China bet on all strategic phenomenon in Taiwan Straits as well as defend the essence action of strategy with Taiwan¡¦s defenses in recent years, including the influence between Taiwan and Mainland China through transport and exchange, To be necessary to discussion the change about Penghu. Hope from ancient and modern documents research, let everyone know how importance of Penghu to Taiwan, and bring up appropriate suggestions as strategic value to make the best of the Penghu from theory and science. Keyword¡GPenghu, Taiwan Strait, Cross-Strait, Strategic research, Strategic position

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Luzon Strait is the deepest channel for water exchange between the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) and the West Philippine Sea (WPS). It is important to investigate the seasonal and spatial distributions and the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in Luzon Strait. During the summer season, the flow of Kuroshio water into the SCS through the Bashi Channel was restricted due to the prevailing southwest monsoon. However, during the winter season, the flow of Kuroshio water into the SCS through the Bashi Channel was enhanced due to the prevailing northeast monsoon. The characteristics of water types across the Bashi Channel depend highly upon the water exchange between the WPS and the NSCS. Distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DON), nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) in the euphotic zone generally show an increasing trend from the WPS to the NSCS. The same distribution was pattern found for particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PN). The stichomythic ratio (C/N/P) of dissolved organic matter in the euphotic layer was lower in spring than in autumn. The reason may be that the Kuroshio water flowing through the Luzon Strait is much less in spring than in autumn. The ratios of DIN/DIP were much lower than the Redfield ratio (16) suggesting a status of N-limitation in the euphotic zone. The DOC/DON ratios, however, were much higher than the Redfield ratio (6.6). These results implied that DOM might have played an important role in modulating nutrient cycling and food web dynamics in the euphotic zone of study area. The subsurface water (100-600m) of the NSCS, west of Luzon, was more enriched with POM than that of the WPS. However, the situation was reversed in the intermediate water (600-1500m). Correlations are significant between POC and Chl-a in spring and summer, suggesting that phytoplankton abundance may primarily control the distribution of POC in the euphotic zone. The DOC/POC ratio was inversely correlated with Chl-a in both spring and summer. The ratios generally decreased to a constant value as the Chl-a concentration increased to a higher level, implying a higher biological contribution for POC than for DOC. Correlations were also significant between TEP/POC and Chl-a. The ratio of TEP-C/POC in the euphotic layer showed a decreasing trend from the NSCS to the WPS, implying a significant influence of phytoplankton productivity on TEP distribution. During the study period, the integrated gross production (IGP) and integrated dark community respiration (IDCR) in the study area were in the range of 3056~7094 mg C m-2 d-1 and 3372~8901 mg C m-2 d-1 in autumn, respectively; 1740~5338 mg C m-2 d-1 and 2628~7685 mg C m-2 d-1 in spring, respectively; 2149~6110 mg C m-2 d-1 and 4391~8896 mg C m-2 d-1 in summer, respectively. During the autumn and summer season, there were no significant correlations between GP (DCR) and temperature, PAR, salinity, Chl-a, DOC and POC, possibly resented from the effect of typhoon. During the spring season without the typhoon effect, there were significant correlations between GP (DCR) and salinity, Chl-a, DOC and POC. The ratio of IGP/IDCR is an indicator of net ecosystem production, with>1 for the autotrophic system and <1 for the heterotrophic system. The ratio was <1 for all stations indicating a heterotrophic system. However, the ratio was slightly higher in autumn than in spring and summer.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 315 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: William S. Dancey, Dept. of Anthropology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-230).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Doron Nof, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 6, 2003). Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Claremont Graduate University, 2007. / Adviser: Jacek Kugler. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- James Cook University, 2003. / Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves 236-253.