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Somatic Mutations in Breast Cancer Genomes : Discovery and Validation of Breast Cancer GenesJiao, Xiang January 2012 (has links)
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. However, the genetic alterations that lead to breast cancer are not fully understood. This thesis aims to identify novel genes of potential mechanistic, diagnostic or therapeutic interest in breast cancers by mutational analysis and whole-genome sequencing. In paper I, sequencing of 36 previously identified candidate genes in 96 breast tumors with patient-matched normal DNA determined the somatic mutation prevalence of these candidate genes and identified additional mutations in Notch, NF-κB, PI3K, and Hedgehog pathways as well as in processes mediating DNA methylation, RNA processing and calcium signaling. In paper II, comparison of massively parallel mate-pair sequencing results of a human genome before and after phi29-mediated multiple displacement amplification (MDA) revealed that MDA introduces structural alteration artifacts, with an emphasis on false positive inversions, and impairs the sensitivity to detect true inversions. Therefore, MDA has limited value in sample preparation for whole-genome sequencing for structural alteration detection. In paper III, massively parallel paired-end sequencing identified gene rearrangements in 15 hormone receptor negative breast cancers. Forty validated rearrangements were predicted to directly affect 30 genes, involved in epigenetic regulation, cell mitosis, signalling transduction and glycolytic flux. RNA interference-based assays revealed the potential roles in cell growth of some affected genes, among which DDX10 was implicated to be involved in apoptosis. In paper IV, a method for statistical evaluation of putative translocations detected by massively parallel paired-end sequencing was proposed. In an application of this method to analyse translocations detected by cancer genome deep paired-end sequencing, 76 putative translocations were classified into four categories, with the majority likely to be caused by mismapping due to repetitive regions. Taken together, this thesis provides insights into genes and pathways mutated in sporadic breast cancer genomes, which broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of breast cancer and may ultimately facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Time-dependent structural alteration of rituximab analyzed by LC/TOF-MS after a systemic administration to rats / LC/TOF-MSを用いたラット生体内におけるリツキシマブの構造変化の解析Otani, Yuki 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20281号 / 医博第4240号 / 新制||医||1021(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 岩田 想, 教授 萩原 正敏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Schule als "triadischer Raum"Schantl, Helmut 17 November 2011 (has links)
Ausgehend von der These, dass das Verhalten „schwieriger“ Kinder eine Folge kulturell-gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen ist, die sich nachteilig auf den innerpsychischen Prozess der Triangulierung auswirken und auf die eine von zweckrationalen Organisationsstrukturen, von institutionsspezifischen Kommunikations- und Handlungsformen und von einem veränderten professionellen Selbstverständnis einzelner Lehrer dominierte Schule bislang keine befriedigenden Antworten gegeben hat, wird nach dem Potenzial der Psychoanalyse hinsichtlich der Möglichkeit gefragt, Pädagogen und Pädagoginnen bei der Konstituierung von Schule als ‚triadischer Raum’ im Sinne eines dyadisch geprägten und triadisch strukturierten, die kindliche Entwicklung fördernden psychosozialen Erfahrungsraums zu unterstützen. Am psychoanalytischen Theorem der Triangularität orientiert wendet sich die Erörterung zunächst drei von der Psychoanalyse beeinflussten sozialisationstheoretischen Konzepten unterschiedlicher Provenienz zu. Dieses methodische Vorgehen erweist sich jedoch im Kontext der zentralen Zielsetzung, ein umfassendes pädagogisches Konzept zur Stärkung kindlicher triangulärer psychischer Strukturen zu skizzieren, nur bedingt als hilfreich. Die anschließende Diskussion der Problem- und Fragestellung auf der Folie einer ‚kulturtheoretisch orientierten’ Psychoanalyse, die einem eigenständigen wissenschaftstheoretischen Selbstverständnis und Erkenntnisprozess folgend unbewusste individuelle und überindividuelle, kulturspezifische Subjektivitätsmomente wie auch biologische Determinanten seelischen Erlebens und Verhaltens berücksichtigt, führt zur Formulierung dreier Dimensionen des dialektischen Prinzips der Psychoanalyse, die sich im Bemühen um die Gestaltung triangulär organisierter Verständigungsprozesse als hilfreich erweisen können. / Based on the theory that the behavior of „difficult“ children is a result of a socio-cultural evolution that has adversely affected the inner-psychological process of triangulation and, based on the school of thought of purposive-rational organizational structures and that of institution-specific forms of communication and action, along with the altered professional self-understanding of individual teachers – noneof which have yet to offer any satisfactory answers – the question arises in accordance with the potential of psychoanalysis concerning the possibilities for educators in the constitution of a school as a ‚triadic space’, dyadically characterized and triadically structured to support the constructive psycho-social realm of experience in childhood development. Oriented on the psychoanalytical theorem of triangularity, the analysis initially adresses the varied provenience of three concepts influencing the socializationtheoretically and psychoanalytically. In the context of a central target, this methodic approach proves to be only slightly helpful when outlining a comprehensive pedagogical concept to reinforce childhood triangular psychological structures. The subsequent discussion of the problems addressed on the slides of ‚cultural-theorist-oriented’ psychoanalysis, following an independent epistemological self-understanding and cognitive process, taking unconscious individual and supraindividualculture-specific moments of subjectivity as well as biological determinants of emotional experience and behavior into consideration, leads to the formulation of tree dimensions of the dialectic principle of psychoanalysis that might prove to be helpful when attempting to configure triangularly organized processes of understanding.
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