No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The thesis involves a re-examination of feminist views of the childbearing body from a post-structuralist perspective and applies these theoretical ideas to an empirical investigation into contemporary childbirth and midwifery. Critiques of medicalised childbirth developed in Australia, Britain and the USA in the 1970s are related to debates within feminism about appropriate ways to theorise motherhood and the female body as well as to understand the role played by midwives and doctors in childbirth. It is argued these critiques were the product of three strands of feminism that differed in their analysis of gender politics, their philosophy of knowledge and their understanding of power. The three critiques are also related to differences between the USA, Britain and Australia in respect of their medical system, ways in which the history of childbirth practices are viewed and differences between the professional roles of midwives. It is argued that these critiques need to be modified by more recent post-structuralist feminist approaches, particularly the way in which bodies are shaped by language and power is related to the distribution of knowledge The empirical study concentrates on a maternity unit in a regional town in New South Wales. The unit was studied through repeat interviews with mothers attending the hospital for the birth of their second or a later child, interviews with the midwives and doctors working in the unit and observations over several months. Childbirth is re-imagined as a drama and found to be an intense embodied experience shaped in turn by the practices of the hospital and the changing boundaries between medicine and midwifery, relationships of the women with the staff and the women’s own diversity. This approach to the analysis of the interview data demonstrates the limitations of the liberal feminist critique that there is insufficient rational and ‘scientific’ evaluation of childbirth practices, the radical feminist critique that the key issue is men’s domination of women’s bodies and the materialist feminist critique of the lack of fairness and support given to childbearing women, while showing how these discourses continue to circulate in debates over the management of childbirth.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The thesis involves a re-examination of feminist views of the childbearing body from a post-structuralist perspective and applies these theoretical ideas to an empirical investigation into contemporary childbirth and midwifery. Critiques of medicalised childbirth developed in Australia, Britain and the USA in the 1970s are related to debates within feminism about appropriate ways to theorise motherhood and the female body as well as to understand the role played by midwives and doctors in childbirth. It is argued these critiques were the product of three strands of feminism that differed in their analysis of gender politics, their philosophy of knowledge and their understanding of power. The three critiques are also related to differences between the USA, Britain and Australia in respect of their medical system, ways in which the history of childbirth practices are viewed and differences between the professional roles of midwives. It is argued that these critiques need to be modified by more recent post-structuralist feminist approaches, particularly the way in which bodies are shaped by language and power is related to the distribution of knowledge The empirical study concentrates on a maternity unit in a regional town in New South Wales. The unit was studied through repeat interviews with mothers attending the hospital for the birth of their second or a later child, interviews with the midwives and doctors working in the unit and observations over several months. Childbirth is re-imagined as a drama and found to be an intense embodied experience shaped in turn by the practices of the hospital and the changing boundaries between medicine and midwifery, relationships of the women with the staff and the women’s own diversity. This approach to the analysis of the interview data demonstrates the limitations of the liberal feminist critique that there is insufficient rational and ‘scientific’ evaluation of childbirth practices, the radical feminist critique that the key issue is men’s domination of women’s bodies and the materialist feminist critique of the lack of fairness and support given to childbearing women, while showing how these discourses continue to circulate in debates over the management of childbirth.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 2006. / Supervisor: Imre Szeman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-233).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-131)

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-193).

Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena Celani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:10:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cruz_DeboradeMeloda_M.pdf: 9689477 bytes, checksum: 7872c69e499cbc1526337b817ab46dd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A gramática da forma, um formalismo desenvolvido por Stiny e Gips (1972) na década de 1970, tem sido utilizada principalmente na caracterização de linguagens de projetos. Além desse uso analítico, ela também tem sido utilizada para a síntese de formas. Este trabalho propõe como método comparativo o emprego de regras gramaticais de uma linguagem para a verificação de semelhanças em obras não pertencentes a ela. Caso não seja identificada a aplicabilidade das regras na obra analisada, em tese, pode-se concluir que não existe influência da linguagem na mesma, ou que essa influência é apenas superficial, não afetando sua estrutura compositiva de maneira significativa Alguns críticos da arquitetura moderna brasileira como Bruand (1998), Sanvitto (1992b) e Irigoyen (2002) sugerem a existência de uma influência das casas de pradaria de Frank Lloyd Wright sobre a primeira fase de João Batista Vilanova Artigas. Neste trabalho pretendia-se verificar se esta influência realmente poderia ser comprovada por meio da metodologia acima descrita, que explora a estrutura compositiva dos exemplares. Para isso, as regras referentes às coberturas da gramática das casas da pradaria de Wright, desenvolvidas por Koning e Eizenberg (1981), foram aplicadas no desenvolvimento das coberturas das casas de Artigas. O método não permitiu comprovar a influência compositiva de um arquiteto sobre o outro, ao contrário do esperado. Foi possível concluir que o método proposto é eficiente para a identificação de influências arquitetônicas de maneira clara e objetiva. O experimento realizado sugere ainda possibilidades de aplicação da gramática da forma no ensino de arquitetura, como auxiliar na comparação entre linguagens arquitetônicas / Abstract: Shape Grammar, a formalism developed by Stiny and Gips (1972) in the 1970s, has been applied mainly to characterize design languages. It has also been employed in shape synthesis. The present work proposes as a comparative method the use of grammatical rules of a certain language for the verification of similarities in works not belonging to the same language. In case the applicability of the rules is not identified in the analyzed work, in thesis, one could conclude that such influence of the language does not exist, or that this influence is only superficial, not affecting its compositional structure significantly. Some Brazilian modern architecture critics, such as Bruand (1998), Sanvitto (1992b) and Irigoyen (2002), have suggested that Frank Lloyd Wright's prairie houses have influenced João Batista Vilanova Artiga's early work. This study intends to verify this influence through the method described above, which exploits the compositional structure of the models. For this purpose the rules developed for the roofs of Frank Lloyd Wright's prairie houses were applied to the roofs of Artiga's houses, so that they could be compared. Contrary to expectations, it was impossible to prove the compositional influence of one architect on the other using this method. The proposed method proved to be efficient in indentifying architectural influences clearly and objectively. Thus the experiment suggests the possibility of applying shape grammars in architectural education, as an auxiliary method for comparing architectural languages / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil