Binary (e,2e) spectroscopy is an intermediate energy electron scattering coincidence technique measuring the binding energy and spherically-averaged momentum distributions of individual valence electrons in small gaseous molecules. Momentum space chemistry is a term used to refer to the study of the attributes of molecular orbitals in the momentum space representation, rather than the usual position space representation. The relation between the two spaces is the Fourier Transform. This thesis discusses experimental measurements and theoretical calculation of the binding energy spectra and/or momentum distributions of. H₂S, COS, C0₂, NO and 0₂ in detail. It also attempts to bring into the ken of ordinary chemistry concepts and principles for dealing with momentum-space molecular orbital density functions, which are essential to the understanding of the nature of momentum distributions. In order to illustrate this, specific examples of theoretical momentum and charge density maps for several molecules are discussed. Significant new understanding of the electronic structure of these molecules is attained. The design, construction, and preliminary testing of a new binary (e,2e) spectrometer incorporating a multi-channel plate detector for improved data collection efficiency is presented. Finally, some propositions for future directions of study are put forward. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

This research sought to ascertain how newspaper ownership structures influence the quality of local political news coverage. More specifically, do independently owned newspapers tend to produce larger quantities of quality local political reporting than do corporately owned and publicly traded newspapers? In the thesis, I develop an understanding of "quality" news coverage as being coverage that is thematic, or providing interpretive analysis and supplying contextual information. Additionally, I tackle the question of quality news coverage from three angles: whether or not independently owned newspapers provide more quality local political news stories per edition than corporately owned papers; whether or not the percentage of quality local political news stories of total political news stories within an edition is higher for independently owned or corporately owned newspapers; and whether or not the percentage of total political news stories of total news stories is higher for independently owned or corporately owned newspapers.

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Alternating (CG) sequences form an unusual conformation in the presence of cobalt hexamine. The oligomer, BZ-IV, containing a (CG)4 run (BZ-IV sequence: 5'TCGACGCGCGCGATCAGTCA- 3') was inserted at the Sal I site of the Escherichia coli pGEM-5zf(+) plasmid producing the plasmid pCW001. Hinf I digestion of pCW001 produced a 367 base pair (bp) fragment containing the BZ-IV insert. For controls, the 452 bp Hinf I fragment from the pCW001 plasmid and the 347 bp Hinf I fragment from the pGEM plasmid were used. Digestion studies were performed using the restriction enzymes Bgl I, EcoRV, Hha I, Mbo I, Not I, Pst I, and Taq I and methylation studies were performed using dam methylase. Data were obtained by beta scanning or ethidium bromide staining the polyacrylamide gels of the digestion or methylation products. The results show that in the presence of 100 uM cobalt hexamine, in which BZ-IV takes on a non-B-Z-structure, the enzyme's ability to react and cleave its recognition site is enhanced.

Cultural identity is a construct from the literature on Minority Identity Development Theory. One's cultural identity provides one means of understanding one's psychological relationship to cultural communities with which one has ties. A new paradigm has been presented for understanding deafness as a cultural difference rather than a medical pathology. To draw out one implication of this new paradigm, a theory is presented for how audiologically deaf people develop culturally Deaf identities. Four stages of cultural identity development are described. Culturally hearing refers to people who hold the dominant culture's attitudes and beliefs about deafness. Culturally marginal refers to people who experience shifting loyalties or profound confusion regarding their relationship to the Deaf and hearing worlds. Immersion identity refers to a radical or militant Deaf stance. Bicultural deaf people have integrated their Deaf pride in a balanced way into their full humanity. Different paths of development are outlined dependent on the circumstances surrounding the hearing loss. An instrument, the Deaf Identity Development Scale (DIDS) is developed in both English and American Sign Language to measure Deaf cultural identity. The DIDS is administered to 161 subjects: 105 students from Gallaudet University and 56 members from an organization of late deafened adults. Support for the existence of the four distinct kinds of cultural identity is provided by acceptable reliability, interscale and item-to-scale correlations. Thirteen hypotheses pertaining to instrument construction and theory and test validity are tested. Test results are used to illuminate further the paths of deaf identity development. Suggestions for improvement in the DIDS are presented.

This study is based on 14 months of ethnographic research in a New England strip club featuring female fully nude dancers and primarily male patrons. The male patrons, some of whom are marginalized (economically and socially) and some of whom are not, all come to collectively dominate women workers in the context of the club. The Lion's Den is designed for male patrons to act out and confirm their sense of masculinity and heterosexuality. Typically money, prestige, and power are correlated in jobs, however in the case of strip clubs they are not. In The Lion's Den though stripping is the central activity of strip clubs and the strippers I interviewed make on average $10,000 more annually than the male workers, they fall at the bottom of the work hierarchy in terms of their relative authority and status. In these exchanges there is a tension between strippers' and patrons' wants and needs. These exchanges occur in a context in which interactions are structured by the collective dominance of male patrons and male workers and a social organization of the work that devalues and demeans strippers. While strippers use a variety of coping mechanisms and resistance tactics an examination of these techniques shows the majority women are overwhelmingly unsuccessful in resolving the troubles of stripping work.

Mexico and South Korea share many structural features, yet exhibit diverse patterns in income inequality and human well being. Between 1960 and 1990, the South Korean economy grew rapidly, retaining relative equality in income and enhancements in mass well being, while, in Mexico, in spite of impressive rates in economic growth for decades, income inequality remained substantial. The hypothesis of this study is that state autonomy is key to understanding economic and social outcomes in Mexico and South Korea. States that are autonomous from both internal and external coercion have the potential to enact growth-oriented and more equitable policies. Economic growth and income equality in peripheral countries are contingent upon the state, the internal class structure, and the world economy. Peripheral states that are free from undue pressure from the ruling class and core countries can exercise relative autonomy, and then have the potential to achieve both growth and equality. However, most peripheral countries are like Mexico, which, because they do not enjoy relative autonomy from the ruling class and global capitalism are unable to achieve economic growth and equality mutually. As a consequence of Japanese colonization, South Korea inherited a strong state and underwent a genuine land reform program, leading to a weak and unorganized agrarian elite, which remained ineffective in challenging state policies. In the 1960s and 1970s, South Korea assumed a crucial political position as a bulwark against international communism in East Asia, which further enhanced state autonomy. Both Japanese colonialism and the Cold War shaped South Korea's political economy. Mexico, on the other hand, remained vulnerable to both international capitalism and its internal elite class. Though Mexico underwent a long period of revolution, the class structure remained unchanged, and Mexico never attained a level of political and ideological importance to the United States, remaining vulnerable to U.S. economic interests. Unlike the South Korean state, the Mexican state failed to escape internal and external coercion, and was unable to achieve relative autonomy from international capitalism and its internal elite class, and thus was unable to effectively mandate policies that were beneficial for growth and equity.

The rhetoric against immigration in the United States mostly focuses on the economic threat to low-educated native-born men using a singular labor market competition lens. In contrast to this trend, this dissertation builds on a large body of previous work on job queuing and ethnic competition, as well as insights gained from the studies on female labor force participation and the outsourcing of care work. By exploring regional differences in the wage effects of immigration across 100 metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2007, I argue that immigration is an intersectionally dynamic localized source of wage inequality and equality. The first chapter provides an overview of the current literature concerning the wage effects of immigration on native-born workers. The second chapter asks empirically whether immigration is related to regional differences in the gender wage gap, and finds that the gap is narrower in cities with higher concentrations of migrant domestic workers. In chapter three, I focus on native-born women only and investigate how within-women inequalities are mediated, unchanged, or sustained through immigration by race, class and motherhood. In the fourth chapter, I discuss the benefits and limitations of fixed- and random-effects models, and advocate for the use of hybrid-effects models for intersectional scholars who consider social inequality to be a multidimensional experience across time and space. Ultimately, I conclude that the wage effects of immigration are the result of gendered, raced and classed queuing processes, as well as changes in household production decisions. Findings presented in this dissertation advance empirical and theoretical debates on the linkage between immigration and within-country wage inequality by arguing that the wage effects of immigration are intersectionally dynamic. The policy implications of my dissertation are twofold. First, the binary treatment of native-born workers against immigrants is misguided because immigration intersects with other sources of inequality. Secondly, the continued reliance on the market-based care, as opposed to publicly provided care, increases the labor market vulnerability of some native-born workers.

ABSTRACT The brick and mortar environment has for many years been the cornerstone of the process to acquire goods. As a cornerstone of the process to acquire goods, the brick and mortar environment has undergone several evolutions each promising and serving as the pinnacle of what brick and mortar environments can be. Within the last two centuries those reincarnations have led to three recognizable forms. The first is the rise of the stand alone department store, a form made iconic by companies such as Macy's (originally R.H. Macy & Co) and S. H. Kress & Co (simply known as Kress). The stand alone department store then gave way to large big box retailers such as Target, Linens & Things, and Wal-Mart, however many of those department stores have reinvented themselves as the anchor stores of the newest incarnation of the brick and mortar environment, the shopping mall. The indoor mall has served as a platform through which to combine many of the previous forms of brick and mortar environments such as traditional single store fronts with large department stores. Traditionally brick and mortar stores have only needed to compete with themselves and despite offering a wealth of advantages for consumers, consumers have began to use electronic commerce (e-commerce) as a secondary or primary way to acquire goods. This has been accelerated by the increasing consumer trust in e–commerce only retailers like Amazon or Alibaba. These competition elements have contributed to the total demise of many brick and mortar retailers or the extreme downsizing of some retailer's number of brick and mortar locations and even the widespread failure of many indoor shopping malls. The purpose of this study was to discover and detail how the careful design of the built environment can yield a viable and effective brick and mortar store design that presents itself as not only a place to complete the consumer process but serves as an indicator of a consumer's lifestyle. To do this, the study was conducted in phases. The first phase was to create a knowledge base that could be used to build upon for a design solution. The first component of the base examined the current state of brick and mortar commerce and e-commerce. Secondly, as the chief competitor to brick and mortar is e-commerce, a platform had to be discovered or created that could successfully deliver those e-commerce elements. The platform was omni-channel retail. The third component of the base was to research the elements this author deemed was necessary to create a successful retail environment. The second phase was to develop an original research component that provided the author a deeper insight. The original research component was predicated on the framework of the consumer purchase process; information gathering, product acquisition, and product support. The third phase was to develop a program for design as well as completing the design of the retail store. The retail store was placed in a single storefront space located in a popular indoor mall in Tallahassee, Florida. As this author's approach was to ensure the brick and mortar environment would be part of the consumer's lifestyle, the product types chosen were those that are necessary for sports with a strong social component. The space contains products that are essential to the sports of cycling, running, and yoga. This study determined that niche markets provide a home for brick and mortar stores as these markets contain the consumer base that is most likely to use the brick and mortar space beyond a venue in which to complete the consumer process. Consumers often purchase retail items that are an extension or indicator of their lifestyles and it is important that a retail space allow elements of this lifestyle to be expressed. This creates a renewed viability in the retail environment that importantly has no equal in the e-commerce environment. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Interior Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. / Summer Semester 2015. / July 9, 2015. / Branding, Channel, Interior, Omni, Retail, Social / Includes bibliographical references. / Marlo Ransdell, Professor Directing Thesis; Jim Dawkins, Committee Member; Jill Pable, Committee Member.