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Lysozyme from the bacteriophage lambda, 1aL, complexed with a chitohexasaccharide has been solved to 2.6 Å by molecular replacement using a mutant form of 1aL as a model. The protein packs as a dimer in the crystal with the backbones of both monomers being nearly identical. The inhibitor molecule resides in the deep cleft in the middle of the bilobal enzyme. Subsites A to Dare occupied by one (GlcNAc)₆ molecule, while the remaining sites interact with two rings from the adjacent (GlcNAc)₆ molecule. The binding mode of 1aL is compared to other lysozymes (HEWL, HuL, GEWL, T4) and Slt70. Interesting differences are noted in the stacking interactions in ring D and the extensive interactions in ring E. It is hypothesized in the thesis that one possible role of the peptide moiety is to interact with Tyr-132, preventing it from forming stacking interactions with ring D, allowing the sugar to penetrate deeper into the active site. Ring E is buried deeply in the enzyme and has a low thermal factor. In addition, the active site is much narrower in 1aL than in other lysozyme structures. A possible explanation has been suggested that rings E and F stay in the active site longer than those in lysozyme to prevent water molecules instead of the O6 atom of ring D to participate in the nucleophilic attack at the end of the reaction. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

N/A / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Monumentality derives from the eternal need of people to own symbols to reveal their inner life and social conceptions. I want to design a building to represent Modern Monumentality. This project came from the idea of " Serenity and Dynamism", which came from the famous wood-print " The Great Wave off Kanagawa". Mont Fuji is the symbol of Japan, a sacrid object of worship, and holding a place in Japanese beliefs. Mont Fuji gave the direction in my thesis. This project can wake up memories in local residents' deep minds. Architecture can be a bridge to make a connection between the past and the future. It's not only the memory, but also a sense of identity. / Master of Architecture / This project came from the idea of " Serenity and Dynamism", which came from the famous wood-print "The Great Wave off Kanagawa". This building design is a way to acheive my initial purpose to present Modern Monumentality. Those efforts I did is to fulfill the original topic of 'New Monumentality'. People need Monumentality to reveal their inner life and their beliefs. This building gives an opportunity to let people to stay closer to their worship. There are lots of elements in the project, and each of them plays a very important role in it. This urban-scale building consists of ideas, form, function, structure, materials, details and human consideration, etc. None of them can be set aside. Stimulated and guided by knowledge, I developed forms and structures to fit for materials and construction methods. This project can wake up memories in local residents' deep minds. Architecture can be a bridge to make a connection between the past and the future. It's not only the memory, but also a sense of identity.

The need for a space for the community to gather and the underutilization of the waterfront led to the design of a public space for Alexandria. A school of culinary design was chosen to elevate the current situation of the site by supporting the open space and giving back to the community. The culinary school served as a vessel to explore the truthfulness of materials and structure, and the aesthetics of the unfinished. The design of the culinary school conveys the story of its making by revealing the structural elements and not covering them with unnecessary finishes. The materials used in the design are true to their nature. The project serves as a place to create culinary art and to express the spirit of the architecture. / Master of Architecture

The rose window is a bridge between heaven and earth, a spiritual encounter, and an expression from within to allow the love of joy. Ornament and beauty are the adoration of light. Layers of composition and layers of light allow form to follow feeling through the structural repetition and thought of light as a material itself. / Master of Architecture

This thesis explores the idea of creating inhabitable spaces within the structure of a building. The inhabitation can range from physical to imaginative. / Master of Architecture

If there is magic on this planet, It is contained in water. "Loran Eisely, The Immense Journey, 1957" / Master of Architecture